New Horizons in Translational Medicine 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Sterilization and Disposal of Agricultural Quarantine Waste
In this study we assess the efficacy of a relatively new decontamination technology, alkaline digestion, to mitigate infectious agents. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), a member of the protein misfolding diseases (ex: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases), were chosen as the infectious agent for this study because they rank as the hardest to kill microbe/pathogen, affect both human and animal species worldwide and are shed by infected hosts into the environment establishing highly infectious biota. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), an emerging TSE of cervid species (deer, elk, moose) in North America, has...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Alphavirus Infection of the CNS: Entry, Dissemination, and Neurodegeneration
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): AT Phillips, AB Rico, TA Aboellail, KE. Olson Alphaviruses most often associated with neuroinvasive disease are limited to the Americas and include strains of EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV. The process of alphavirus entry into the CNS of infected vertebrates following challenge is not well-understood. It is thought that virus entry into the CNS depends on the inoculation route. It is well-established that olfactory sensory neurons provide access to the CNS following challenge with airborne virus. However, l...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Impact of Dengue Virus Infection on Global Metabolic Alterations in the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Vector
In this study, we have explored metabolic changes in Aedes aegypti midgut and salivary glands upon DENV (serotype 2) infection. We have found several significant fluctuations in the lipid and metabolite repertoire from infected tissues compared to uninfected controls, including differential expression of molecules that function as membrane building blocks, bioactive messengers, energy storage and intermediates in lipid biosynthesis and lipolysis pathways. These results and their relevance to dengue virus infection of its mosquito vector will be discussed. (Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine)
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Assessing Milk from CWD-Lactating Deer for Infectious Prions
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): Erin McNulty, Jeanette Hayes-Klug, Kelly Anderson, Amy Nalls, Candace Mathiason Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prions, cause a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting mammals including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, scrapie in sheep, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, elk and moose. CWD, the only prion disease to infect a native free-ranging population, has now been detected in 22 American states, 2 Can...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Serological evidence that Tacaribe virus is circulating among bats in Trinidad and Tobago
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): A Malmlov, J Seetahal, C Carrington, V Ramkisson, J Foster, V Munster, S Quackenbush, T Schountz Tacaribe virus (TCRV) is a bisegmented, ambisense, RNA virus within the genus Arenavirus. Arenaviruses are grouped into Old World lymphocytic choriomeningitis-Lassa virus complex and the New World Tacaribe complex viruses. TCRV is placed within the Tacaribe complex along with the South American hemorrhagic fever viruses: Chapare, Guanarito, Junin, Machupo, and Sabia viruses. The only isolates of...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Assessing Mother to Offspring Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease Using Transgenic Mouse Models
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): K Willingham, E McNulty, K Anderson, J Hayes-Klug, A Nalls, C Mathiason Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), or prion disease, of free-ranging and captive cervids (deer, elk and moose). The presence of sufficient infectious prions in the tissues, bodily fluids (urine, saliva, and blood) and environments of clinical and preclinical CWD-infected animals is thought to account for its high transmission efficiency. Recently it has been recognized that t...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Experimental Modoc virus infection of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): G Hume, A Hawkinson, T Aboellail, T Schountz Modoc virus (MODV) is a flavivirus that was first isolated from deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in Modoc County, California during a 1958 surveillance study for novel viruses. Although many flaviviruses are arthropod-borne, MODV has no known intermediate. Subsequent to its initial isolation, MODV was detected in deer mice found in other regions of the United States, including northeastern Colorado. These findings suggested that deer mice may be a rese...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Chikungunya virus in non-mammalian species: a possible new reservoir
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): Airn Hartwig, Angela Bosco-Lauth, Richard Bowen Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus distributed widely in tropical regions of the world that causes a febrile and often painful disease in adults and children. Recent outbreaks of CHIKV infection in the Caribbean have raised concerns about establishment of this virus in North America. A significant question about the transmission cycle of CHIKV is whether non-human reservoir hosts are important in maintenance or transmission of the virus. We condu...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Dengue virus requires the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway for its infection in the mammalian host
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): Rebekah C. Gullberg, Richard J. Kuhn, Rushika Perera Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant global health concern with over 40% of the world’s population at risk and currently no therapeutics or vaccines available. Understanding host viral interactions is key to developing novel therapeutic options. Dengue virus is a positive sense RNA virus that induces the formation of invaginations in the endoplasmic reticulum to replicate its genome. Increased phospholipid biosynthesis is key to the for...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Longitudinal analysis of blood-borne prion infection
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): Alan M. Elder, Davin M. Henderson, Amy V. Nalls, Anthony E. Kincaid, Edward A. Hoover, Jason C. Bartz, Candace K. Mathiason Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, affecting human and animal species can be transmitted from TSE-infected individuals to naïve susceptible hosts during the long asymptomatic (years to decades) and symptomatic disease stages. The presence of infectious hematogenous prions in asymptomatic TSE-infected hosts demonstrates the highly infect...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Bovine herpesvirus 4 not detected in free-ranging domestic cats from California, Colorado, and Florida
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): E Chiu, R Troyer, S VandeWoude Previous studies have reported that domestic cats can be naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV4), and experimental inoculations have been linked to feline urolithiasis. It has been difficult to recapitulate initial diagnostic and experimental observations, thus here we have initiated a study to evaluate BHV4 presence in a large cohort of cats at risk for exposure to circulating feline viruses using a sensitive and specific assay. Domestic cat blood DNA sampl...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Ivermectin for the Control of West Nile Virus Transmission
This study evaluated the use of endectocide-treated bird feed to control WNV transmission by targeting the primary vector in Colorado, Culex tarsalis. Ivermectin susceptibility in C. tarsalis was first measured through ivermectin-spiked bloodmeals fed using membrane feeders, and the LC50 was determined to be 49.94 ng/ml (39.71-59.93 95% CI, n=988). Chickens were then fed ivermectin-treated feed to examine its safety and palatability, and mosquitoes were blood fed directly on the chickens to assess in vivo effects. Finally, ivermectin pharmokinetics were analyzed using vein blood from chickens as well the C. tarsalis that b...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Predicting Prion Propensity of Human Proteins
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): S Cascarina, E. Ross In humans only a single prion-forming protein named PrPc (for “cellular prion protein”) is currently known, yet many more neurodegenerative disorders involve aberrant protein aggregation. The classical model for these diseases has involved cell-autonomous aggregation, assuming that aggregation occurs independently in each cell within a diseased patient. However, more recent models have proposed a non-cell-autonomous progression of disease in which aggregates formed in one cell ...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
The Retroviral Cyclin Controls CDK8-mediated Transcription Elongation and Reinitiation
In conclusion, not only does RV-cyclin direct CDK8 to specific genes during tumor development, RV-cyclin enhances CDK8 kinase activity while it is there. The end result of the CDK8-RV-cyclin interaction is a rise in the mRNA levels of another pool of oncogenes, the serum-response genes. This is one mechanism by which RV-cyclin could contribute to the development of walleye dermal sarcoma. (Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine)
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
Interferon gamma allows long-term maintenance of VZV-infected neurons in vitro
Publication date: May–July 2015 Source:New Horizons in Translational Medicine, Volume 2, Issues 4–5 Author(s): NL Baird, JL Bowlin, RJ Cohrs, D Gilden Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus. During primary infection, VZV causes varicella (chicken pox), after which the virus go latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis before reactivating decades later to cause zoster (shingles). Interferon gamma (IFNγ), produced during viral infection, stimulates transcription of genes that mediate antiviral responses. Herein, it was tested whether IFNγ treatment of human neurons inhib...
Source: New Horizons in Translational Medicine - September 13, 2015 Category: Research Source Type: research
