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IGF-I deficiency, longevity and cancer protection of patients with Laron syndrome
Publication date: Available online 5 August 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Zvi Laron, Rivka Kauli, Lena Lapkina, Haim Werner Laron syndrome (LS) is a unique model of congenital IGF-I deficiency. It is characterized by dwarfism and obesity, and is caused by deletion or mutations of the growth hormone receptor (GH-R) gene. It is hypothesized that LS is an old disease originating in Indonesia and that the mutated gene spread to South Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean region and South America. (Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research)
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - August 5, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Molecular mechanisms underlying human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoprotein-induced cell transformation
Publication date: Available online 5 August 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Suruchi Mittal, Lawrence Banks Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of 5% of all (Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research)
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - August 5, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Ionizing radiation induced cataracts: Recent biological and mechanistic developments and perspectives for future research
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Elizabeth A. Ainsbury, Stephen Barnard, Scott Bright, Claudia Dalke, Miguel Jarrin, Sarah Kunze, Rick Tanner, Joseph R. Dynlacht, Roy A. Quinlan, Jochen Graw, Munira Kadhim, Nobuyuki Hamada The lens of the eye has long been considered as a radiosensitive tissue, but recent research has suggested that the radiosensitivity is even greater than previously thought. The recent recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to substantially reduce the annu...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Alternative RNA splicing and gastric cancer
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Ying Li, Yuan Yuan Alternative splicing (AS) linked to diseases, especially to tumors. Recently, more and more studies focused on the relationship between AS and gastric cancer (GC). This review surveyed the hot topic from four aspects: First, the common types of AS in cancer, including exon skipping, intron retention, mutually exclusive exon, alternative 5 ' or 3' splice site, alternative first or last exon and alternative 3' untranslated regions. Second, basic mechanisms of AS and its relationship with...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Radiation and Circulatory Disease
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Mark P. Little Exposure to therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation is associated with damage to the heart and coronary arteries. However, only recently have studies with high-quality individual dosimetry data allowed this risk to be quantified while also adjusting for concomitant chemotherapy, and medical and lifestyle risk factors. At lower levels of exposure the evidence is less clear. In this article we review radiation-associated risks of circulatory disease in groups treated with radiotherapy for mali...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Systematic review of the use of the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay to measure DNA damage induced by exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Publication date: Available online 28 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Radim J. Sram, Vlasta Svecova, Andrea Rossnerova The effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to induce micronuclei (MN) measured using the lymphocytes cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay were evaluated in 34 studies according to the exposure: 20 studies in coke oven workers, 7 studies in different occupational exposures as alluminium industry workers, rubber factory workers, road construction workers, airport workers and diesel exposed workers, 6 studies on environmentaly ...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 28, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Consequences of irradiation on adult spermatogenesis: Between infertility and hereditary risk
We describe how the testis tissue collapses in response to irradiation and we discuss the molecular pathways involved in the control of DNA damage response and homeostasis in spermatogonial stem cells. (Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research)
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 25, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Tissue reactions to ionizing radiation —oral mucosa
Publication date: Available online 25 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Sylvia Gruber, Wolfgang Dörr Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatment strategies for solid malignancies, including head-and-neck tumors (HNT). Oral mucositis is the most frequent, often dose-limiting early adverse event of radio(chemo)therapy for HNT. The oral mucosal response is − like that of typical turnover tissues − based on radiation-induced impairment of epithelial proliferation and cell production, in face of ongoing physiological cell differentiation and cell loss, consequently r...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 25, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The role of gene mutations and gene products in intestinal tissue reactions from ionising radiation
Publication date: Available online 22 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Jolyon H. Hendry, Kensuke Otsuka The response of the intestine to (low linear-energy-transfer) ionising radiation is reviewed regarding the cellular basis to the reactions, the regenerative processes which restore the tissue, and external agents which aid its recovery. In the steady-state, it is generally considered that the crypt cell lineages in both small and large intestine are maintained by a small number of stem cells, but there are differences for example in the composition of their niche residenc...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 22, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Super DNAging —New insights into DNA integrity, genome stability and telomeres in the oldest old
Publication date: October–December 2015 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, Volume 766 Author(s): Bernhard Franzke, Oliver Neubauer, Karl-Heinz Wagner Reductions in DNA integrity, genome stability, and telomere length are strongly associated with the aging process, age-related diseases as well as the age-related loss of muscle mass. However, in people reaching an age far beyond their statistical life expectancy the prevalence of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes or dementia, is much lower compared to “averagely” aged humans. These inverse observations in nonagenar...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The importance of de novo mutations for pediatric neurological disease —It is not all in utero or birth trauma
Publication date: January–March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, Volume 767 Author(s): Robert P. Erickson The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS, which consists of massively parallel sequencing to perform TGS (total genome sequencing) or WES (whole exome sequencing)) has abundantly discovered many causative mutations in patients with pediatric neurological disease. A surprisingly high number of these are de novo mutations which have not been inherited from either parent. For epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, and neuromotor disorders, including cerebral palsy, initial estimates p...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The Comet assay in insects —Status, prospects and benefits for science
Publication date: January–March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, Volume 767 Author(s): Maria Augustyniak, Marcin Gladysz, Marta Dziewięcka The Comet assay has been recently adapted to investigate DNA damage in insects. The first reports of its use in Drosophila melanogaster appeared in 2002. Since then, the interest in the application of the Comet assay to studies of insects has been rapidly increasing. Many authors see substantial potential in the use of the Comet assay in D. melanogaster for medical toxicology studies. This application could allow the testing of drugs and result in...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

William F. Morgan (1952 –2015)
Publication date: Available online 13 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Nobuyuki Hamada, Tom K. Hei, Simon Bouffler, Gayle E. Woloschak (Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research)
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Consequences of irradiation on adult spermatogenesis: between infertility and hereditary risk.
We describe how the testis tissue collapses in response to irradiation and we discuss the molecular pathways involved in the control of DNA damage response and homeostasis in spermatogonial stem cells. (Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research)
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 20, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human populations exposed to styrene: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 23 June 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Solange Costa, Marcello Ceppi, Carla Costa, Susana Silva, Cristiana Pereira, Blanca Laffon, Stefano Bonassi, João Paulo Teixeira Styrene is a building-block of several compounds used in a wide array of materials and products. The most important human exposure to this substance occurs in industrial settings, especially among reinforced-plastics industry workers. The effect of occupational exposure to styrene on cytogenetics biomarkers has been previously reviewed with positive association obs...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - July 14, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research