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Frequency of micronuclei and other biomarkers of DNA damage in populations exposed to dusts, asbestos and other fibers. A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Stefano Bonassi, Mirta Milić, Monica Neri Airborne particles are small, solid particles projected into the air either by natural forces, or by mechanical or man-made processes, and include fibers and dusts. Their toxicity is usually subsequent to inhalation and can lead to pulmonary dysfunctions and diseases, including cancer. Cytochalasin B blocked micronucleus assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMN) has been shown as a sensitive and reliable technique in assessing genotoxic exposure, An extensive search of the...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - May 20, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Occupational exposure to cytostatic/antineoplastic drugs and cytogenetic damage measured using the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
In this study, we identified and analyzed the studies published reporting the use of the L-CBMN assay as biomarker of genotoxic risk in health care workers exposed to ANPD with the aim of performing meta-analysis and providing a meta-estimate of the genotoxic effect of exposure. We retrieved 24 studies, published from 1988 to 2015, measuring MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes in health care workers occupationally exposed to ANPD. In 15 out of the 24 studies (62.5%), increased MN frequencies were recognized in exposed subjects as compared to controls. The meta-analysis of MN frequency of the combined studies confirmed an as...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - May 11, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Y chromosome b2/b3 deletions and male infertility: A comprehensive meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis and systematic review
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Sandeep Kumar Bansal, Gopal Gupta, Singh Rajender The correlation of Y-chromosome b2/b3 partial deletions with spermatogenic failure remains dubious. We undertook a systematic review of the literature followed by meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses in order to compare the frequency of b2/b3 deletions between oligo/azoospermic infertile and normozoospermicmen. Out of twenty-four studies reviewed for meta-analysis, twenty reported no correlation between this deletion and male infertility and two st...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - May 4, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

A systematic review of the association between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and effects on chromosomal DNA damage measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in lymphocytes.
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Michael Fenech, Armen Nersesyan, Siegfried Knasmueller Formaldehyde (FAL) is classified as a Class I carcinogen by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer. Therefore, there is a need to validate appropriate methods for detecting its genotoxic effects in vivo in humans. One of the most commonly used methods to measure the genotoxic effects of exposure to environmental chemicals is the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (L-CBMN assay). We performed a systematic review and statistical ...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - April 18, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Role of nucleotide excision repair proteins in response to DNA damage induced by topoisomerase II inhibitors
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Jaqueline C. Rocha, Franciele F. Busatto, Temenouga N. Guecheva, Jenifer Saffi In cancer treatment, chemotherapy is one of the main strategies used. The knowledge of the cellular and molecular characteristics of tumors allows the use of more specific drugs, making the removal of tumors more efficient. Among the drugs of choice in these treatments, topoisomerase inhibitors are widely used against different types of tumors. Topoisomerases are enzymes responsible for maintaining the structure of DNA, a...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - April 18, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

DNA and chromosomal damage in medical workers exposed to anaesthetic gases assessed by the lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay. A critical review.
Publication date: Available online 8 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Pavel Vodicka, Ludovit Musak, Giovanni Fiorito, Veronika Vymetalkova, Ludmila Vodickova, Alessio Naccarati The lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay has been applied in hundreds of in vivo biomonitoring studies of humans exposed either environmentally or occupationally to genotoxic chemicals. However, there is an emerging need to re-evaluate the use of MN and other biomarkers within the lymphocyte CBMN cytome assay as quantitative indicators of exposure to main classes of chemica...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - April 8, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The ex vivo L-CBMN assay detects significant human exposure to butadiene
Publication date: Available online 6 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Claudia Bolognesi, Micheline Kirsch-Volders 1,3-butadiene (BD), an important industrial chemical used in the production of synthetic rubber and resins and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, was classified as a human carcinogen by IARC. BD requires metabolic activation to different epoxides that are known to bind to DNA, inducing also DNA-DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks. The DNA damage leading to mutations has been identified as the mode of action of BD. Experimental studies in rodents revealed widely d...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - April 6, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Results of micronucleus assays with individuals who are occupationally and environmentally exposed to mercury, lead and cadmium
Publication date: Available online 6 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Armen Nersesyan, Michael Kundi, Monika Waldherr, Tahereh Setayesh, Miroslav Mišík, Georg Wultsch, Metka Filipic, Gustavo Barcelos, Siegfried Knasmueller Millions of humans are exposed occupationally or environmentally to lead and mercury compounds. Mercury compounds are less abundant but some of them belong to the most toxic chemicals which are known. We evaluated the literature to find out if these compounds act in humans as genotoxic carcinogens and if their health effects can be predic...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - April 6, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Mechanisms of mutagenesis: DNA replication in the presence of DNA damage
Publication date: Available online 7 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Binyan Liu, Qizhen Xue, Yong Tang, Jia Cao, F.Peter Guengerich, Huidong Zhang Environmental mutagens cause DNA damage that disturbs replication and produces mutations, leading to cancer and other diseases. We discuss mechanisms of mutagenesis resulting from DNA damage, from the level of DNA replication by a single polymerase to the complex DNA replisome of some typical model organisms (including bacteriophage T7, T4, Sulfolobus solfataricus, E. coli, yeast and human). For a single DNA polymerase,...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - April 6, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: A systematic literature review
Publication date: Available online 31 March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Grace Chappell, Igor P. Pogribny, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Ivan Rusyn Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations play an important role in chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Although the epigenome and genome may be equally important in carcinogenicity, the genotoxicity of chemical agents and exposure-related transcriptomic responses have been more thoroughly studied and characterized. To better understand the evidence for epigenetic alterations of human carcinogens, and the potential assoc...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - March 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The many faces of histone H3K79 methylation
Publication date: Available online 31 March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Zeenat Farooq, Shahid Banday, Tej K. Pandita, Mohammad Altaf Dot1/DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing-1) is an evolutionarily conserved histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine 79 located within the globular domain of histone H3. Dot1 was initially identified by a genetic screen as a disruptor of telomeric silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; further, it is the only known non-SET domain containing histone methyltransferase. Methylation of H3K79 is involved in the regulation of telomeri...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - March 30, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Biomonitoring of humans exposed to arsenic, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and complex mixtures of metals by using the micronucleus test in lymphocytes
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Balasubramanyam Annangi, Stefano Bonassi, Ricard Marcos, Alba Hernández Various metals have demonstrated genotoxic and carcinogenic potential via different mechanisms. Until now, biomonitoring and epidemiological studies have been carried out to assess the genotoxic risk to exposed human populations. In this sense, the use of the micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes has proven to be a useful tool to determine increased levels of DNA damage, as a surrogate biomarker of cancer risk. Here...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - March 7, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Application of the lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay to populations exposed to petroleum and its derivatives: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis
In conclusion, according to present findings the use of the CBMN assay in biomonitoring studies could provide objective evidence to guide prioritization of preventive interventions in subjects occupationally exposed to petroleum derivatives, and in particular benzene. (Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research)
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - March 6, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Biomonitoring of genotoxic effects for human exposure to nanomaterials: The challenge ahead
Publication date: Available online 4 March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Laetitia Gonzalez, Micheline Kirsch-Volders Exposures to nanomaterials (NMs), with their specific physico-chemical characteristics, are likely to increase over the next years, as their production for industrial, consumer and medical applications is steadily rising. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the implementation of human biomonitoring studies of genotoxic effects after NM exposures in order to monitor and assure safety for workers and the general population. In this review, most commonly used b...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - March 6, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Molecular genetics of the COL2A1-related disorders
Publication date: Available online 2 March 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research Author(s): Hao Deng, Xiangjun Huang, Lamei Yuan Type II collagen, comprised of three identical alpha-1(II) chains, is the major collagen synthesized by chondrocytes, and is found in articular cartilage, vitreous humour, inner ear and nucleus pulposus. Mutations in the collagen type II alpha-1 gene (COL2A1) have been reported to be responsible for a series of abnormalities, known as type II collagenopathies. To date, 16 definite disorders, inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern, have been describe...
Source: Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research - March 3, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research