A comparison of lumbar spine and muscle loading between male and female workers during box transfers
There is a clear relationship between lumbar spine loading and back musculoskeletal disorders in manual materials handling. The incidence of back disorders is greater in women than men, and for similar work demands females are functioning closer to their physiological limit. It is crucial to study loading on the spine musculoskeletal system with actual handlers, including females, to better understand the risk of back disorders. Extrapolation from biomechanical studies conducted on unexperienced subjects (mainly males) might not be applicable to actual female workers. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Denis Gagnon, Andr é Plamondon, Christian Larivière Source Type: research
The scaling or ontogeny of human gait kinetics and walk-run transition: The implications of work vs. peak power minimization
A simple model is developed to find vertical force profiles and stance durations that minimize either limb mechanical work or peak power demands during bipedal locomotion. The model predicts that work minimization is achieved with a symmetrical vertical force profile, consistent with previous models and observations of adult humans, and data for 487 participants (predominantly 11 –18 years old) required to walk at a range of speeds at a Science Fair. Work minimization also predicts the discrete walk-run transition, familiar for adult humans. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: J.R. Usherwood, T.Y. Hubel, B.J.H. Smith, Z.T. Self Davies, G. Sobota Source Type: research
The scaling or ontogeny of human gait kinetics and walk-run transition: the implications of work v.s peak power minimization
A simple model is developed to find vertical force profiles and stance durations that minimize either limb mechanical work or peak power demands during bipedal locomotion. The model predicts that work minimization is achieved with a symmetrical vertical force profile, consistent with previous models and observations of adult humans, and data for 487 participants (predominantly 11-18 years old) required to walk at a range of speeds at a Science Fair. Work minimization also predicts the discrete walk-run transition, familiar for adult humans. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: J.R. Usherwood, T.Y. Hubel, B.J.H. Smith, Z.T. Self Davies, G. Sobota Source Type: research
Competing tumor cell migration mechanisms caused by interstitial fluid flow
In the seminal work by Swartz and collaborators [Shields, et al. (2007) Cancer Cell 11:526 –538] it was discovered that autologously secreted or activated (ECM-bound) chemokine forms local pericellular diffusion gradients skewed by fluid convection, and the cells subsequently chemotact up the flow-directed gradient. However, in [Polacheck, et al. (2011) PNAS 108:11115-11120] Kamm and co llaborators found that there is a competing downstream and upstream migration transport mechanism. Their study showed that both mechanisms are present at the same time and the relative strength of these two stimuli governs the directional...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jahn O. Waldeland, Steinar Evje Source Type: research
Effects of freeze-thaw on the biomechanical and structural properties of the rat Achilles tendon
Rodent models are commonly used to investigate tendon healing, with the biomechanical and structural properties of the healed tendons being important outcome measures. Tendon storage for later testing becomes necessary when performing large experiments with multiple time-points. However, it is unclear whether freezing rodent tendons affects their material properties. Thus the aim of this study was to determine whether freezing rat Achilles tendons affects their biomechanical or structural properties. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: N.P. Quirk, C. Lopez De Padilla, R.E. De La Vega, M.J. Coenen, A. Tovar, C.H. Evans, S.A. M üller Source Type: research
Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in Congenital Heart Disease Patients using Functional Diagnostic Parameters: An In Vitro Study
Congenital pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis is often associated with abnormal PA hemodynamics including increased pressure drop ( Δp) and reduced asymmetric flow (Q), which may result in right ventricular dysfunction. We propose functional diagnostic parameters, pressure drop coefficient (CDP), energy loss (Eloss), and normalized energy loss () to characterize pulmonary hemodynamics, and evaluate their efficacy in delineating stenosis severity using in vitro experiments. Subject-specific test sections including the main PA (MPA) bifurcating into left and right PAs (LPA, RPA) with a discrete LPA stenosis were manufactured fr...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gavin A. D'Souza, Rupak K. Banerjee, Michael D. Taylor Source Type: research
The effect of attentional focus on local dynamic stability during a repetitive spine flexion task
The association between low back pain and spine movement control suggests that it is important to reliably quantify movement behavior. One method to characterize spine movement behavior is to measure the local dynamic stability (LDS) of spine movement during a repetitive flexion task in which a participant is asked to touch multiple targets repetitively. Within the literature, it has been well established that an individual ’s focus of attention (FOA) can modulate their neuromuscular control and affect task performance. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Eric Bourdon, Wantuir Ramos, Matthew P. Mavor, Shawn M. Beaudette, Ryan B. Graham Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Vastus lateralis and vastus medialis produce distinct mediolateral forces on the patella but similar forces on the tibia in the rat
In this study, we took advantage of the experimental accessibility of the rat to directly measure the forces on the patella produced by VM and VL. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Thomas Sandercock, Qi Wei, Yasin Dhaher, Dinesh K. Pai, Matthew C. Tresch Source Type: research
Small, movement dependent perturbations substantially alter postural control strategy in healthy young adults
Postural control is commonly investigated by observing responses to perturbations. We developed a perturbation paradigm mimicking self-generated errors in weight shifting, which are a common cause of falling among older adults. Our aim was to determine the effects of this small, but complex, perturbation on postural sway of healthy young adults and evaluate the role of vision and cognition during movement dependent perturbations. Fifteen participants stood hip-width apart with their eyes open, closed and while performing two different cognitive tasks. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Da ša Gorjan, Jan Babič, Nejc Šarabon, Zrinka Potocanac Source Type: research
Machine Learning in Human Movement Biomechanics: Best Practices, Common Pitfalls, and New Opportunities
Traditional laboratory experiments, rehabilitation clinics, and wearable sensors offer biomechanists a wealth of data on healthy and pathological movement. To harness the power of these data and make research more efficient, modern machine learning techniques are starting to complement traditional statistical tools. This survey summarizes the current usage of machine learning methods in human movement biomechanics and highlights best practices that will enable critical evaluation of the literature as the these methods become more prevalent. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Eni Halilaj, Apoorva Rajagopal, Madalina Fiterau, Jennifer L. Hicks, Trevor J. Hastie, Scott L. Delp Tags: Review Source Type: research
Automatic registration of MRI-based joint models to high-speed biplanar radiographs for precise quantification of in vivo anterior cruciate ligament deformation during gait
Understanding in vivo joint mechanics during dynamic activity is crucial for revealing mechanisms of injury and disease development. To this end, laboratories have utilized computed tomography (CT) to create 3-dimensional (3D) models of bone, which are then registered to high-speed biplanar radiographic data captured during movement in order to measure in vivo joint kinematics. In the present study, we describe a system for measuring dynamic joint mechanics using 3D surface models of the joint created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) registered to high-speed biplanar radiographs using a novel automatic registration al...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zo ë A. Englander, John T. Martin, Pramodh K. Ganapathy, William E. Garrett, Louis E. DeFrate Source Type: research
Minimum time required for assessing step variability during running at submaximal velocities
This study aimed to determine the minimum time required for assessing spatiotemporal variability during continuous running at different submaximal velocities and, thereby, the number of steps required. Nineteen trained endurance runners performed an incremental running protocol, with a 3-min recording period at 10, 12, 14 and 16 km/h. Spatiotemporal parameters (contact and flight times, step length and step frequency) were measured using the OptoGait system and step variability was considered for each parameter, in terms of within-participants standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV%). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Felipe Garc ía-Pinillos, Pedro A. Latorre-Román, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Juan A. Párraga-Montilla, Luis E. Roche-Seruendo Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Errors In Power-Law Estimations Of Inflow Rates For Intracranial Aneurysm CFD
Patient-specific inflow rates are rarely available for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of intracranial aneurysms. Instead, inflow rates are often estimated from parent artery diameters via power laws, i.e. Q ∝Dn, reflecting adaptation of conduit arteries to demanded flow. The present study aimed to validate the accuracy of these power laws. Internal carotid artery (ICA) flow rates were measured from 25 ICA aneurysm patients via 2D phase contrast MRI. ICA diameters, derived from 3D segmentation of rota tional angiograms, were used to estimate inflow rates via power laws from the aneurysm CFD literature assuming...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: C. Chnafa, P. Bouillot, O. Brina, M. Najafi, B.M.A. Delattre, M.I. Vargas, V.M. Pereira, D.A. Steinman Source Type: research
Shear wave elastography can assess the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad
This study combines non-invasive mechanical testing with finite element (FE) modelling to assess for the first time the reliability of shear wave (SW) elastography for the quantitative assessment of the in-vivo nonlinear mechanical behavior of heel-pad. The heel-pads of five volunteers were compressed using a custom-made ultrasound indentation device. Tissue deformation was assessed from B-mode ultrasound and force was measured using a load cell to calculate the force – deformation graph of the indentation test. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 10, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Panagiotis E. Chatzistergos, Sara Behforootan, David Allan, Roozbeh Naemi, Nachiappan Chockalingam Source Type: research
Novel Method for Emboli Analog Formation Towards Improved Stroke Retrieval Devices
This study investigates emboli analog (EA) formation to mimic the material stiffness and composition of cerebral thromboemboli to develop new retrieval mechanisms. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - September 10, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Anne Preut, Megan Laughlin, Hanna Jensen, Jamie Hestekin, Morten Jensen Source Type: research
