Fatigue evaluation of long cortical bone using ultrasonic guided waves
This study aims to evaluate the long bone fatigue damage using the ultrasonic guided waves. Two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method was employed to simulate the ultrasonic guided wave propagation in the long bone under different elastic modulus. The experiment was conducted on a 3.8 mm-thick bovine bone plate. The phase velocities of two fundamental guided modes, A1 and S1, were measured by using the axial transmission technique. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Liang Bai, Kailiang Xu, Dan Li, Dean Ta, Lawrence H. Le, Weiqi Wang Source Type: research
Site specificity of mechanical and structural properties of human fascia lata and their gender differences: a cadaveric study
In this study, we investigated the morphological and elastic properties of the human fascia lata taken from four (anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior) sites on the thigh of 17 legs of 12 cadavers (6 males and 6 females, 75-92 years). The thickness of the fascia lata was determine d with a caliper. The interwoven collagen fiber’s directions were measured and classified into longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal in two opposing directions, relative to the thigh. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Shun Otsuka, Tomiko Yakura, Yusuke Ohmichi, Mika Ohmichi, Munekazu Naito, Takashi Nakano, Yasuo Kawakami Source Type: research
Measuring the Sensitivity of Total Knee Replacement Kinematics and Laxity to Soft Tissue Imbalances
Ligament balancing during total knee replacement (TKR) is receiving increased attention due to its influence on resulting joint kinematics and laxity. We employed a novel in vitro technique to measure the kinematics and laxity of TKR implants during gait, and measured how these characteristics are influenced by implant shape and soft tissue balancing, simulated using virtual ligaments. Compared with virtual ligaments that were equally balanced in flexion and extension, the largest changes in stance-phase tibiofemoral AP and IE kinematics occurred when the virtual ligaments were simulated to be tighter in extension (tibia o...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ryan Willing, Peter S. Walker Source Type: research
Plantarflexor moment arms estimated from tendon excursion in vivo are not strongly correlated with geometric measurements
Geometric and tendon excursion methods have both been used extensively for estimating plantarflexor muscle moment arm in vivo. Geometric measures often utilize magnetic resonance imaging, which can be costly and impractical for many investigations. Estimating moment arm from tendon excursion measured with ultrasonography may provide a cost-effective alternative to geometric measures of moment arm, but how well such measures represent geometry-based moment arms remains in question. The purpose of this study was to determine whether moment arms from tendon excursion can serve as a surrogate for moment arms measured geometric...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Josh R Baxter, Stephen J Piazza Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
The Effectiveness of Scaling Procedures for Comparing Ground Reaction Forces
This study examined the effectiveness of allometric scaling vertical, braking and propulsive GRF and loading rate for 84 males and 47 females while running at 4.0 m/s. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Christopher D. Stickley, Samantha N. Andrews, Elizabeth A. Parke, Ronald K. Hetzler Source Type: research
Multi-scale imaging techniques to investigate solute transport across articular cartilage
As articular cartilage is an avascular tissue, the transport of nutrients and cytokines through the tissue is essential for the health of cells, i.e. chondrocytes. Transport of specific contrast agents through cartilage has been investigated to elucidate cartilage quality. In laboratory, pre-clinical and clinical studies, imaging techniques such as magnetic imaging resonance (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and fluorescent microscopy have been widely employed to visualize and quantify solute transport in cartilage. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 21, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Behdad Pouran, Vahid Arbabi, Ambika G. Bajpayee, Jasper van Tiel, Juha T öyras, Jukka S. Jurvelin, Jos Malda, Amir A. Zadpoor, Harrie Weinans Tags: Review Source Type: research
Development and validation of a computational model for understanding the effects of an upright birthing position on the female pelvis
Upright, natural birthing positions, such as squatting, are associated with several clinical benefits, yet recumbent positions are still most common during delivery in most health centres. The biomechanics of birth positioning are not yet fully understood; therefore, our objectives were to develop and validate a computational model that could determine pelvic kinematics under loading conditions resulting from an upright birthing position. A three-dimensional model of the pelvic region was created from MRI scans of a non-pregnant subject. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 21, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Andrea Hemmerich, Tara Diesbourg, Genevi ève A. Dumas Source Type: research
Influence of forearm orientation on biceps brachii tendon mechanics and elbow flexor force steadiness
This study investigated whether mechanics of the distal biceps brachii (BB) tendon mechanics across supinated, neutral and pronated forearm orientations influence position-dependent FS of the elbow flexors. Eleven males (23 ± 3 years) performed submaximal isometric elbow flexion tasks at low (5, 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and high (25, 50, 75% MVC) force levels in supinated, neutral and pronated forearm orientations. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rowan R. Smart, Sienna Kohn, Cydney M. Richardson, Jennifer M. Jakobi Source Type: research
Aging Effects on the Achilles Tendon Moment Arm during Walking
The Achilles tendon (AT) moment arm transforms triceps surae muscle forces into a moment about the ankle which is critical for functional activities like walking. Moreover, the AT moment arm changes continuously during walking, as it depends on both ankle joint rotation and triceps surae muscle loading (presumably due to bulging of the muscle belly). Here, we posit that aging negatively effects the architecturally complex AT moment arm during walking, which thereby contributes to well-documented reductions in ankle moment generation during push-off. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kristen Rasske, Jason R. Franz Source Type: research
An innovative solution to reduce muscle deformation during ultrasonography data collection
This study analyses to what extent the Portico reduces muscle deformation and corresponding errors in estimating muscle volume. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Francesco Cenni, Simon-Henri Schless, Davide Monari, Lynn Bar-On, Erwin Aertbeli ën, Herman Bruyninckx, Britta Hanssen, Kaat Desloovere Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Residual force enhancement contributes to increased performance during stretch-shortening cycles of human plantar flexor muscles in vivo
It is well known that muscular force production is history-dependent, which results in enhanced (RFE) and depressed (RFD) steady-state forces after stretching and shortening, respectively. However, it remains unclear if force-enhancing mechanisms can contribute to increased performance during in vivo stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs) of human locomotor muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether RFE-related mechanisms contribute to enhanced force and power output during SSCs of the human plantar flexor muscles. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Daniel Hahn, Timotheus N. Riedel Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Coordination of lower extremity multi-joint control strategies during the golf swing
This study aimed to understand how players coordinate the multi-joint control strategies of the rear and target legs to satisfy the lower extremity and whole-body mechanical objectives during the golf swing when hitting shots with different clubs. Highly skilled golf players (n = 10) performed golf swings with a 6-iron and a driver. Joint kinetics were calculated using ground reaction forces and segment kinematics to determine net joint moments (NJMs) during the interval of interest within the downswing. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Travis J. Peterson, Jill L. McNitt-Gray Source Type: research
Modification of a Three-Compartment Muscle Fatigue Model to Predict Peak Torque Decline During Intermittent Tasks
This study aimed to test whether adding a rest recovery parameter, r, to the analytical three-compartment controller (3CC) fatigue model (Xia and Frey Law, 2008) will improve fatigue estimates during intermittent contractions. The 3CC muscle fatigue model uses differential equations to predict the flow of muscle between three muscle states: Resting (MR), Active (MA), and Fatigued (MF). This model uses a feedback controller to match the active state to target loads and two joint-specific parameters: F, fatigue rate controlling flow from active to fatigued compartments) and R, the recovery rate controlling flow from the fati...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: John M Looft, Nicole Herkert, Laura Frey-Law Source Type: research
Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Force during Running using Neural Network Model and Uniaxial Accelerometer
Wearable technology has been viewed as one of the plausible alternatives to capture human motion in an unconstrained environment, especially during running. However, existing methods require kinematic and kinetic measurements of human body segments and can be complicated. This paper investigates the use of neural network model (NN) and accelerometer to estimate vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). An experimental study was conducted to collect sufficient samples for training, validation and testing. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ngoh Kieron Jie-Han, Darwin Gouwanda, Alpha A. Gopalai, Chong Yu Zheng Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Comparative analysis of endothelial cell and sub-endothelial cell elastic moduli in young and aged mice: Role of CD36
To perform comparative analysis of the role of scavenger receptor CD36 on endothelial vs. sub-endothelial elastic modulus (stiffness) in the aortas of young and aged mice. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Elizabeth Le Master, Ibra S. Fancher, James Lee, Irena Levitan Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
