Diffusion of antibiotics in intervertebral disc
Delivering charged antibiotics to the intervertebral disc is challenging because of the avascular, negatively charged extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue. The purpose of this study was to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient of two clinically relevant, charged antibiotics, vancomycin (positively charged) and oxacillin (negatively charged) in IVD. A one-dimensional steady state diffusion experiment was employed to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient of the two antibiotics in bovine coccygeal annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alicia R. Jackson, Adam Eismont, Lu Yu, Na Li, Weiyong Gu, Frank Eismont, Mark D. Brown Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
In-vivo Analysis of Sliding Distance and Cross-Shear in Bi-cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Polyethylene remains the most popular bearing material for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite its widespread use, wear continue to be one of major factors implicated in revision surgery. Sliding distance, cross-shear, and contact stress are the major factors influencing polyethylene wear. As previous studies have either relied on wear simulations, computational modeling, or in vitro measurements to quantify sliding distance and cross-shear, in vivo subject-specific sliding distance and cross-shear after bi-cruciate retaining (BCR) TKA has not been previously reported. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Paul Arauz, Yun Peng, Shuai An, Young-Min Kwon Source Type: research
The Effects of Lyophilization on Flexural Stiffness of Extrasynovial and Intrasynovial Tendon
Tendon or ligament reconstructions often use autologous or allogenic tendons from either extrasynovial or intrasynovial sources. Allograft tendons must be lyophilized for preservation before transplantation, a process which can impact mechanical properties of the graft. Reconstituted graft properties that are similar to native tendon are desirable. Although tensile and compressive properties of tendons have been investigated, there is a paucity of information describing flexural properties of tendon, which can impact the gliding resistance. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chun Bi, Andrew R. Thoreson, Chunfeng Zhao Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Spinal Constraint Modulates Head Instantaneous Center of Rotation and Dictates Head Angular Motion
The head is kinematically constrained to the torso through the spine and thus, the spine dictates the amount of output head angular motion expected from an input impact. Here, we investigate the spinal kinematic constraint by analyzing the head instantaneous center of rotation (HICOR) with respect to the torso in head/neck sagittal extension and coronal lateral flexion during mild loads applied to 10 subjects. We found the mean HICOR location was near the C5-C6 intervertebral joint in sagittal extension, and T2-T3 intervertebral joint in coronal lateral flexion. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Calvin Kuo, Michael Fanton, Lyndia Wu, David Camarillo Source Type: research
Effect of leg kick on active drag in front-crawl swimming: comparison of whole stroke and arms-only stroke during front-crawl and the streamlined position
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of leg kick on the resistance force in front-crawl swimming. The active drag in front-crawl swimming with and without leg motion was evaluated using measured values of residual thrust (MRT method) and compared with the passive drag of the streamlined position (SP) for the same swimmers. Seven male competitive swimmers participated in this study, and the testing was conducted in a swimming flume. Each swimmer performed front-crawl under two conditions: using arms and legs (whole stroke: WS) and using arms only (arms-only stroke: AS). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kenzo Narita, Motomu Nakashima, Hideki Takagi Source Type: research
Kinematic algorithm to determine the energy cost of running with changes of direction
This study aims at validating an algorithm based on kinematic data to estimate the energy cost of running with frequent 180 °-CoDs.Twenty-six physically active male subjects (22.4±3.2 years) participated in two sessions: (1) maximum oxygen uptake ( and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) test; (2) 5-m continuous shuttle run (two 5-min trials at 50% and 75% MAS, 6-min recovery). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Matteo Zago, Fabio Esposito, Giulia Rausa, Eloisa Limonta, Felice Corrado, Susanna Rampichini, Chiarella Sforza Source Type: research
Humans Control Stride-to-Stride Stepping Movements Differently for Walking and Running, Independent of Speed
As humans walk or run, external (environmental) and internal (physiological) disturbances induce variability. How humans regulate this variability from stride-to-stride can be critical to maintaining balance. One cannot infer what is “controlled” based on analyses of variability alone. Assessing control requires quantifying how deviations are corrected across consecutive movements. Here, we assessed walking and running, each at two speeds. We hypothesized differences in speed would drive changes in variability, while adoptin g different gaits would drive changes in how people regulated stepping. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jonathan B. Dingwell, Nicole K. Bohnsack-McLagan, Joseph P. Cusumano Source Type: research
Validation of Method for Analysing Mechanics of Unloader Brace for Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Unloader braces are one non-invasive treatment of knee osteoarthritis, which primarily function by applying an external abduction moment to the joint to reduce loads in the medial compartment of the knee. We developed a novel method using brace deflection to estimate the mechanical effect of valgus braces and validated this model using strain gauge instrumentation.Three subjects performed static and walking trials, in which the moment applied by an instrumented brace was calculated using the deflection and strain methods. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Shannon R. Neville, Scott C.E. Brandon, Marcus J. Brown, Kevin J. Deluzio Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Toe-in and toe-out walking require different lower limb neuromuscular patterns in people with knee osteoarthritis
Toe-in and toe-out gait modification has received attention lately as a promising treatment for knee osteoarthritis due to its potential to improve knee joint loading and pain. However, the neuromuscular patterns associated with these walking styles are not well known, a factor that may influence knee joint load itself. Our aim was to conduct a thorough examination of the neuromuscular patterns associated with toe-in and toe-out walking in people with knee osteoarthritis. Fifteen participants were instructed to walk in four different foot rotations: 10 ° toe-in, 0°, as well as 10° and 20° toe-out. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jesse M. Charlton, Gillian L. Hatfield, Jordan A. Guenette, Michael A. Hunt Source Type: research
Dependence of leukocyte capture on instantaneous pulsatile flow
Atherosclerosis, an artery disease, is currently the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women. The first step in the development of atherosclerosis involves leukocyte adhesion to the arterial endothelium. It is broadly accepted that blood flow, more specifically wall shear stress (WSS), plays an important role in leukocyte capture and subsequent development of an atherosclerotic plaque. What is less known is how instantaneous WSS, which can vary by up to over one cardiac cycle, influences leukocyte capture. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Umberto Ciri, Rita Bhui, Jorge Bailon-Cuba, Heather N. Hayenga, Stefano Leonardi Source Type: research
Influence of Follower Load Application on Moment-Rotation Parameters and Intradiscal Pressure in the Cervical Spine
The objective of this study was to implement a follower load (FL) device within a robot/UFS (universal force-moment sensor) testing system and utilize the system to explore the effect of FL on multi-segment cervical spine moment-rotation parameters and intradiscal pressure (IDP) at C45 and C56. Twelve fresh-frozen human cervical specimens (C3-C7) were biomechanically tested in a robotic testing system to a pure moment target of 2.0 Nm for flexion and extension (FE) with no compression and with 100 N of FL. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 9, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kevin M. Bell, Yiguo Yan, Robert A. Hartman, Joon Y. Lee Source Type: research
Simulated activities of daily living do not replicate functional upper limb movement or reduce movement variability
Kinematic assessments of the upper limb during activities of daily living (ADLs) are used as an objective measure of upper limb function. The implementation of ADLs varies between studies; whilst some make use of props and define a functional target, others use simplified tasks to simulate the movements in ADLs. Simulated tasks have been used as an attempt to reduce the large movement variability associated with the upper limb. However, it is not known whether simulated tasks replicate the movements required to complete ADLs or reduce movement variability. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 9, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sarah A.F Taylor, Angela E Kedgley, Alexander Humphries, Aliah F Shaheen Source Type: research
Real-time Biofeedback Can Increase and Decrease Vertical Ground Reaction Force, Knee Flexion Excursion, and Knee Extension Moment during Walking in Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often exhibit a “stiffened knee strategy” or an excessively extended knee during gait, characterized by lesser knee flexion excursion and peak internal knee extension moment (KEM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of real-time biofeedback (RTBF) cuing an acute change in peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during the first 50% of the stance phase of walking gait on: 1) root mean square error (RMSE) between actual vGRF and RTBF target vGRF; 2) perceived difficulty; and 3) knee biomechanics. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 9, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Brittney A. Luc-Harkey, Jason R. Franz, J. Troy Blackburn, Darin A. Padua, Anthony C. Hackney, Brian Pietrosimone Source Type: research
Biomechanical and mechanical behavior of the plantar fascia in macro and micro structures
Plantar fascia (PF) is a heterogeneous thickness structure across plantar foot. It is important significance to investigate the biomechanical behavior of the medial, middle and lateral PF regions. To investigate the non-uniform macro/micro structures of the different PF regions, the uniaxial tensile test of PF strips were performed to assess the mechanical behavior of PF. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize and measure the micro morphology of PF associated with collagen fibers. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 8, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Junchao Guo, Xiaoyu Liu, Xili Ding, Lizhen Wang, Yubo Fan Source Type: research
