The importance of abductor pollicis longus in wrist motions: a physiological wrist simulator study
The abductor pollicis longus (APL) is one of the primary radial deviators of the wrist, owing to its insertion at the base of the first metacarpal and its large moment arm about the radioulnar deviation axis. Although it plays a vital role in surgical reconstructions of the wrist and hand, it is often neglected while simulating wrist motions in vitro. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of the absence of APL on the distribution of muscle forces during wrist motions. A validated physiological wrist simulator was used to replicate cyclic planar and complex wrist motions in cadaveric specimens by applying tensile...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Darshan S Shah, Claire Middleton, Sabahat Gurdezi, Maxim D Horwitz, Angela E Kedgley Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
The effect of a novel gait retraining device on lower limb kinematics and muscle activation in healthy adults
The Re-Link Trainer (RLT) is a modified walking frame with a linkage system designed to apply a non-individualized kinematic constraint to normalize gait trajectory of the left limb. The premise behind the RLT is that a user ’s lower limb is constrained into a physiologically normal gait pattern, ideally generating symmetry across gait cycle parameters and kinematics. This pilot study investigated adaptations in the natural gait pattern of healthy adults when using the RLT compared to normal overground walking. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sarah H Ward, Lukas Wiedemann, James Stinear, Cathy Stinear, Andrew McDaid Source Type: research
In-vivo 3-Dimensional Gait Symmetry Analysis in Patients with Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty
Although three-dimensional (3D) asymmetry has been reported in unilateral THA patients during gait, it is not well understood whether asymmetric hip kinematics during gait persist in bilaterally operated THA patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo 3D kinematics and component placement between bilateral and unilateral THA patients during gait. Eight bilateral and thirty-three unilateral THA patients were evaluated for both hips during treadmill gait using a validated combination of 3D computer tomography-based modeling and dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Paul Arauz, Yun Peng, John MacAuliffe, Young-Min Kwon Source Type: research
Characterizing the Balance-Dexterity Task as a concurrent bipedal task to investigate trunk control during dynamic balance
The purpose of the study was to characterize the Balance-Dexterity Task as a means to investigate a concurrent bipedal lower-extremity task and trunk control during dynamic balance. The task combines aspects of single-limb balance and the lower-extremity dexterity test by asking participants to stand on one limb while compressing an unstable spring with the contralateral limb to an individualized target force. Nineteen non-disabled participants completed the study, and performance measures for the demands of each limb – balance and dexterous force control – as well as kinematic and electromyographic measures of trunk c...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: K. Michael Rowley, James Gordon, Kornelia Kulig Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Development of functional variability during the motor learning process of a complex cyclic movement
Traditionally, movement variability is considered an indicator for sensorimotor malfunctioning. However, functional movement variability is also a result of compensation mechanisms e.g. to account for prior movement deviations and is, therefore, crucial for stable movements. The aim of this study was to analyze functional variability during motor learning of a complex cyclic task.Thirteen young participants practised riding a Pedalo ® slalom until they were able to complete the task without errors. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Daniel Hamacher, Astrid Zech Source Type: research
Altered Biomechanical Stimulation of the Developing Hip Joint in Presence of Hip Dysplasia Risk Factors
In this study, we investigate the biomechanics of fetal movements in such situations, namely fetal breech position, oligohydramnios and primiparity (firstborn pregnancy). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Stefaan W. Verbruggen, Bernhard Kainz, Susan C. Shelmerdine, Owen J. Arthurs, Joseph V. Hajnal, Mary A. Rutherford, Andrew T.M. Phillips, Niamh C. Nowlan Source Type: research
Development of a Preclinical Natural Porcine Knee Simulation Model for the Tribological Assessment of Osteochondral Grafts In Vitro
In order to pre-clinically evaluate the performance and efficacy of novel osteochondral interventions, physiological and clinically relevant whole joint simulation models, capable of reproducing the complex loading and motions experienced in the natural knee environment are required. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the assessment of tribological performance of osteochondral grafts within an in vitro whole natural joint simulation model.The study assessed the effects of osteochondral allograft implantation (existing surgical intervention for the repair of osteochondral defects) on the wear, deformation and...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 10, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: P. Bowland, E. Ingham, J. Fisher, L.M. Jennings Source Type: research
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Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Validation of model-predicted tibial tray-synthetic bone relative motion in cementless total knee replacement during activities of daily living
As fixation of cementless total knee replacement components during the first 4-6 weeks after surgery is crucial to establish bony ingrowth into the porous surface, several studies have quantified implant-bone micromotion. Relative motion between the tray and bone can be measured in vitro, but the full micromotion contour map cannot typically be accessed experimentally. Finite element models have been employed to estimate the full micromotion map, but have not been directly validated over a range of loading conditions. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alessandro Navacchia, Chadd W. Clary, Hayden L. Wilson, Yashar A. Behnam, Paul J. Rullkoetter Source Type: research
The effect of follower load on the intersegmental coupled motion characteristics of the human thoracic spine: An in vitro study using entire rib cage specimens
The mechanical coupling behaviour of the thoracic spine is still not fully understood. For the validation of numerical models of the thoracic spine, however, the coupled motions within the single spinal segments are of importance to achieve high model accuracy. In the present study, eight fresh frozen human thoracic spinal specimens (C7 –L1, mean age 54±6 years) including the intact rib cage were loaded with pure bending moments of 5Nm in flexion/extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR) with and without a follower load of 400 N. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - July 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Christian Liebsch, Nicolas Graf, Hans-Joachim Wilke Source Type: research
Development of a Dynamic Index Finger and Thumb Model to Study Impairment
This study explores the creation of a musculoskeletal model, including the thumb and index finger, to explore the effects of muscle activation deficits. The OpenSim model utilizes physiological axes of rotation at all joints, passive joint torques, and appropriate moment arms. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 25, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alexander J. Barry, Wendy M. Murray, Derek G. Kamper Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Rupture limit evaluation of human cerebral aneurysms wall: experimental study
Rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms is a major issue for public healthcare. A way to obtain an individual rupture risk assessment is a main objective of many research teams in the world. For many years, we have investigated the relationship between the mechanical properties of aneurysm wall tissues and the rupture risk. In this work, we try to go further and investigate rupture limit values. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 23, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: H. Brunel, D. Ambard, H. Dufour, P.H. Roche, V. Costalat, F. Jourdan Source Type: research
Non-Linear Changes Of Lower Extremity Kinetics Prior To Gait Transition
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of lower extremity kinetics during walk-to-run (WR) transition and if the changes would follow a non-linear trend within the five strides before WR transition using a constant acceleration protocol. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 23, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Shuqi Zhang, Jiaohao Pan, Li Li Source Type: research
Effects of Reproduction on Sexual Dimorphisms in Rat Bone Mechanics
Osteoporosis most commonly affects postmenopausal women. Although men are also affected, women over 65 are 6 times more likely to develop osteoporosis than men of the same age. This is largely due to accelerated bone remodeling after menopause; however, the peak bone mass attained during young adulthood also plays an important role in osteoporosis risk. Multiple studies have demonstrated sexual dimorphisms in peak bone mass, and additionally, the female skeleton is significantly altered during pregnancy/lactation. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 23, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chantal M.J. de Bakker, Hongbo Zhao, Wei-Ju Tseng, Yihan Li, Allison R. Altman-Singles, Yang Liu, Laurel Leavitt, X. Sherry Liu Source Type: research
3D patient-specific numerical modeling of the soft palate considering adhesion from the tongue
In this study, we investigate the influence of the adhesion from the tongue on the soft palate global response. This is achieved using a cohesive zone finite element approach. A traction-separation law is determined to describe the adhesion effect from the surface tension of the lining liquid between the soft palate and the tongue. According to pull-off experimental tests of human lining liquid from the oral surface of the soft palate, the corresponding cohesive properties, including the critical normal traction stress and the failure separation displacement, are obtained. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - June 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hongliang Liu, Victorien Emile Prot, Bj ørn Helge Skallerud Source Type: research
