Sun-mediated mechanical LINC between nucleus and cytoskeleton regulates βcatenin nuclear access
βcatenin acts as a primary intracellular signal transducer for mechanical and Wnt signaling pathways to control cell function and fate. Regulation of βcatenin in the cytoplasm has been well studied but βcatenin nuclear trafficking and function remains unclear. In a previous study we showed that, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), mechanical blockade of adipogenesis relied on inhibition of βcatenin destruction complex element GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) to increase nuclear βcatenin as well as the function of Linker of Cytoskeleton and Nucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, suggesting tha t these two mechanisms may be...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gunes Uzer, Guniz Bas, Buer Sen, Zhihui Xie, Scott Birks, Melis Olcum, Cody McGrath, Maya Styner, Janet Rubin Source Type: research
Comparison of knee injury threshold during tibial compression based on limb orientation in mice
In this study, we compared knee injury thresholds using a “prone configuration” and a “supine configuration” that differed with respect to hip, knee, and ankle flexion, and utilized different fixtures to stabilize the knee. Right limbs of female and male C57BL/6 mice were loaded using the prone configuration, while left limbs were loaded using the supine configuration. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Allison W. Hsia, Franklin D. Tarke, Trevor J. Shelton, Priscilla M. Tjandra, Blaine A. Christiansen Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Sun-mediated Mechanical LINC between Nucleus and Cytoskeleton Regulates βcatenin Nuclear Access
βcatenin acts as a primary intracellular signal transducer for mechanical and Wnt signaling pathways to control cell function and fate. Regulation of βcatenin in the cytoplasm has been well studied but βcatenin nuclear trafficking and function remains unclear. In a previous study we showed that, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), mechanical blockade of adipogenesis relied on inhibition of βcatenin destruction complex element GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) to increase nuclear βcatenin as well as the function of Linker of Cytoskeleton and Nucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, suggesting tha t these two mechanisms may be...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gunes Uzer, Guniz Bas, Buer Sen, Zhihui Xie, Scott Birks, Melis Olcum, Cody McGrath, Maya Styner, Janet Rubin Source Type: research
Comparison of Knee Injury Threshold During Tibial Compression Based on Limb Orientation in Mice
In this study, we compared knee injury thresholds using a “prone configuration” and a “supine configuration” that differed with respect to hip, knee, and ankle flexion, and utilized different fixtures to stabilize the knee. Right limbs of female and male C57BL/6 mice were loaded using the prone configuration, while left limbs were loaded using the supine configuration. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Allison W. Hsia, Franklin D. Tarke, Trevor J. Shelton, Priscilla M. Tjandra, Blaine A. Christiansen Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Accelerometer-based prediction of running injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association track athletes
Running-related injuries (RRI) may result from accumulated microtrauma caused by combinations of high load magnitudes (vertical ground reaction forces; vGRFs) and numbers (strides). Yet relationships between vGRF and RRI remain unclear – potentially because previous research has largely been constrained to collecting vGRFs in laboratory settings and ignoring relationships between RRI and stride number. In this preliminary proof-of-concept study, we addressed these constraints: Over a 60-day period, each time collegiate athletes (n = 9) ran they wore a hip-mounted activity monitor that collected accelerations througho...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dovin Kiernan, David A. Hawkins, Martin A.C. Manoukian, Madeline McKallip, Laura Oelsner, Charles F. Caskey, Crystal L. Coolbaugh Source Type: research
Anterior Laxity, Lateral Tibial Slope, and In Situ ACL Force Differentiate Knees Exhibiting Distinct Patterns of Motion during a Pivoting Event: A Human Cadaveric Study
Knee instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture compromises function and increases risk of injury to the cartilage and menisci. To understand the biomechanical function of the ACL, previous studies have primarily reported the net change in tibial position in response to multiplanar torques, which generate knee instability. In contrast, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 13 consecutively tested cadaveric knees and found distinct motion patterns, defined as the motion of the tibia as it translates and rotates from its unloaded, initial position to its loaded, final position. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Robert N. Kent, Mark J. Amirtharaj, Brendan M. Hardy, Andrew D. Pearle, Thomas L. Wickiewicz, Carl W. Imhauser Source Type: research
Comparison of two ways of altering carpal tunnel pressure with ultrasound surface wave elastography
Higher carpal tunnel pressure is related to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. Currently, the measurement of carpal tunnel pressure is invasive and therefore, a noninvasive technique is needed. We previously demonstrated that speed of wave propagation through a tendon in the carpal tunnel measured by ultrasound elastography could be used as an indicator of carpal tunnel pressure in a cadaveric model, in which a balloon had to be inserted into the carpal tunnel to adjust the carpal tunnel pressure. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yu-Shiuan Cheng, Boran Zhou, Kazutoshi Kubo, Kai-Nan An, Steven L. Moran, Peter C. Amadio, Xiaoming Zhang, Chunfeng Zhao Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Finite element analysis for transverse carpal ligament tensile strain and carpal arch area
Mechanics of carpal tunnel soft tissue, such as fat, muscle and transverse carpal ligament (TCL), around the median nerve may render the median nerve vulnerable to compression neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to understand the roles of carpal tunnel soft tissue mechanical properties and intratunnel pressure on the TCL tensile strain and carpal arch area (CAA) using finite element analysis (FEA). Manual segmentation of the thenar muscles, skin, fat, TCL, hamate bone, and trapezium bone in the transverse plane at distal carpal tunnel were obtained from B-mode ultrasound images of one cadaveric hand. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yifei Yao, Ahmet Erdemir, Zong-Ming Li Source Type: research
Foot structure and knee joint kinetics during walking with and without wedged footwear insoles
In this study, 3D foot scanning, dual X-ray absorptiometry and gait analysis methods were used to determine structural parameters of the foot and assess their relation to knee joint loading and biomechanical response to wedged insoles in 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis. In multiple linear regression models, foot fat content, height of the medial longitudinal arch and static hind foot angle were not associated with the magnitude of the knee adduction moment (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.060), knee adduction angular impulse (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.099) or 3D resultant knee moment (R2 = 0.23, p = 0.073) during gai...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ryan T. Lewinson, Ryan Madden, Anthony Killick, John W. Wannop, J. Preston Wiley, Victor M.Y. Lun, Chirag Patel, Jeremy M. LaMothe, Darren J. Stefanyshyn Source Type: research
Perturbation velocity affects linearly estimated neuromechanical wrist joint properties
The dynamic behavior of the wrist joint is governed by nonlinear properties, yet applied mathematical models, used to describe the measured input-output (perturbation-response) relationship, are commonly linear. Consequently, the linearly estimated model parameters will depend on properties of the applied perturbation properties (such perturbation amplitude and velocity). We aimed to systematically address the effects of perturbation velocity on linearly estimated neuromechanical parameters.Using a single axis manipulator ramp and hold perturbations were applied to the wrist joint. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Asbj ørn Klomp, Erwin de Vlugt, Jurriaan H. de Groot, Carel G.M. Meskers, J. Hans Arendzen, Frans C.T. van der Helm Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
A novel validation and calibration method for motion capture systems based on micro-triangulation
Motion capture systems are widely used to measure human kinematics. Nevertheless, users must consider system errors when evaluating their results. Most validation techniques for these systems are based on relative distance and displacement measurements. In contrast, our study aimed to analyse the absolute volume accuracy of optical motion capture systems by means of engineering surveying reference measurement of the marker coordinates (uncertainty: 0.75 mm). The method is exemplified on an 18 camera OptiTrack Flex13 motion capture system. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gergely Nagym áté, Tamás Tuchband, Rita M. Kiss Source Type: research
Midtarsal locking, the windlass mechanism, and running strike pattern: A kinematic and kinetic assessment
Changes in running strike pattern affect ankle and knee mechanics, but little is known about the influence of strike pattern on the joints distal to the ankle. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) running patterns on foot kinematics and kinetics, from the perspectives of the midtarsal locking theory and the windlass mechanism. Per the midtarsal locking theory, we hypothesized that the ankle would be more inverted in early stance when using a FFS, resulting in decreased midtarsal joint excursions and increased dynamic stiffness. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dustin A. Bruening, Michael B. Pohl, Kota Z. Takahashi, Joaquin A. Barrios Source Type: research
Vocal fold contact patterns based on normal modes of vibration
The fluid –structure interaction and energy transfer from respiratory airflow to self-sustained vocal fold oscillation continues to be a topic of interest in vocal fold research. Vocal fold vibration is driven by pressures on the vocal fold surface, which are determined by the shape of the glottis and the c ontact between vocal folds. Characterization of three-dimensional glottal shapes and contact patterns can lead to increased understanding of normal and abnormal physiology of the voice, as well as to development of improved vocal fold models, but a large inventory of shapes has not been directly stu died previously. (...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Simeon L. Smith, Ingo R. Titze Source Type: research
An anisotropic constitutive model for immersogeometric fluid –structure interaction analysis of bioprosthetic heart valves
This paper considers an anisotropic hyperelastic soft tissue model, originally proposed for native valve tissue and referred to herein as the Lee –Sacks model, in an isogeometric thin shell analysis framework that can be readily combined with immersogeometric fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis for high-fidelity simulations of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) interacting with blood flow. We find that the Lee–Sacks model is well- suited to reproduce the anisotropic stress–strain behavior of the cross-linked bovine pericardial tissues that are commonly used in BHVs. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Michael C.H. Wu, Rana Zakerzadeh, David Kamensky, Josef Kiendl, Michael S. Sacks, Ming-Chen Hsu Source Type: research
Accelerometer-based prediction of running injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association track athletes
Running-related injuries (RRI) may result from accumulated microtrauma caused by combinations of high load magnitudes (vertical ground reaction forces; vGRFs) and numbers (strides). Yet relationships between vGRF and RRI remain unclear – potentially because previous research has largely been constrained to collecting vGRFs in laboratory settings and ignoring relationships between RRI and stride number. In this preliminary proof-of-concept study, we addressed these constraints: Over a 60-day period, each time collegiate athletes (n = 9) ran they wore a hip-mounted activity monitor that collected accelerations throughout t...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - April 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dovin Kiernan, David A Hawkins, Martin A C Manoukian, Madeline McKallip, Laura Oelsner, Charles F Caskey, Crystal L Coolbaugh Source Type: research
