High resolution three-dimensional strain mapping of bioprosthetic heart valves using digital image correlation
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a safe and effective treatment option for patients deemed at high and intermediate risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. Similar to surgical aortic valves (SAVs), transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs) undergo calcification and mechanical wear over time. However, to date, there have been limited publications on the long-term durability of TAV devices. To assess longevity and mechanical strength of TAVs in comparison to surgical bioprosthetic valves, three-dimensional deformation analysis and strain measurement of the leaflets become an inevitable part of the evaluation. (S...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 21, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mostafa Abbasi, Dong Qiu, Yashar Behnam, Danny Dvir, Chadd Clary, Ali N. Azadani Source Type: research
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Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
A mathematical model of human heart including the effects of heart contractility varying with heart rate changes
This study focused on the development and evaluation of a mathematical model of the whole heart, including the effects of heart contractility varying with heart rate changes. This model was developed based on a paradigm and model presented by Ottesen and Densielsen, which was used to model ventricular contraction. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yawei Wang, Hongdai Sun, Jianan Wei, Xuesong Liu, Tianya Liu, Yubo Fan Source Type: research
A laboratory captured “giving way” episode in an individual with chronic ankle instability
This brief report details the first ever instrument-based motion description of an accidental “giving way” episode of the ankle joint incurred by a recreational male athlete (age = 22 years; height = 1.78 m; body mass = 97 kg) with chronic ankle instability whilst he was performing a change of direction task. Five inertial measurement units, as well as a high-speed vide o camera captured his lower limb kinematics during the performance of a maximum effort Agility T-Test, including his accidental “giving way” episode. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alexandria Remus, Brian Caulfield, Cailbhe Doherty, Colum Crowe, Giacomo Severini, Eamonn Delahunt Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Deformation of Dorsal Root Ganglion Due to Pressure Transients of Venous Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Cervical Vertebral Canal
The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) that is embedded in the foramen of the cervical vertebra can be injured during a whiplash motion. A potential cause is that whilst the neck bends in the whiplash motion, the changes of spinal canal volume induce impulsive pressure transients in the venous blood outside the dura mater (DM) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the DM. The fluids can dynamically interact with the DRG and DM, which are deformable. In this work, the interaction is investigated numerically using a strong-coupling partitioned method that synchronize the computations of the fluid and structure. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hua-Dong Yao, Mats Y. Svensson, H åkan Nilsson Source Type: research
OpenSim as a Preliminary Kinematic Testing Platform for the Development of Total Knee Arthroplasty Implants
The design of a total knee replacement implant needs to take account the complex surfaces of the knee which it is replacing. Ensuring design performance of the implant requires in-vitro testing of the implant. A considerable amount of time is required to produce components and evaluate them inside an experimental setting. Numerous adjustments in the design of an implant and testing each individual design can be time consuming and expensive.Our solution is to use the OpenSim simulation software to rapidly test multiple design configurations of implants. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hao Yang Chan, Peter S. Walker Source Type: research
A laboratory captured “giving way” episode in an individual with chronic ankle instability: a short communication
This brief report details the first ever instrument-based motion description of an accidental “giving way” episode of the ankle joint incurred by a recreational male athlete (age = 22 years; height = 1.78 m; body mass = 97 kg) with chronic ankle instability whilst he was performing a change of direction task. Five inertial measurement units, as well as a high-speed video camera captured his lower limb kinematics during the performance of a maximum effort Agility T-Test, including his accidental “giving way” episode. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alexandria Remus, Brian Caulfield, Cailbhe Doherty, Colum Crowe, Giacomo Severini, Eamonn Delahunt Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Effects of an Improved Biomechanical Backpack Strap Design on Load Transfer to the Shoulder Soft Tissues
The aim of the present study was to characterize shoulder strap structure and mechanical properties that may alleviate strains and stresses in the soft tissues of the shoulder. Utilizing a finite element model of the shoulder constructed from a single subject, we have quantified skin stresses exerted by backpack straps and the strains at the subclavian artery (SCA). For this end, standard shape straps with stiffness of 0.5, 1.2, and 5 MPa, were compared to the effects of optimized straps; a double-layered (soft outer layer and reinforced internal supporting layer) and newly-designed anatomically-shaped strap. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Amir Hadid, Gal Gozes, Avihai Atoon, Amit Gefen, Yoram Epstein Source Type: research
Acute Changes in Foot Strike Pattern and Cadence Affect Running Parameters Associated with Tibial Stress Fractures
Tibial stress fractures are a common and debilitating injury that occur in distance runners. Runners may be able to decrease tibial stress fracture risk by adopting a running pattern that reduces biomechanical parameters associated with a history of tibial stress fracture. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that converting to a forefoot striking pattern or increasing cadence without focusing on changing foot strike type would reduce injury risk parameters in recreational runners. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jennifer R. Yong, Amy Silder, Kate L. Montgomery, Michael Fredericson, Scott L. Delp Source Type: research
Stepping boundary of external force-controlled perturbations of varying durations: Comparison of experimental data and model simulations
This study investigated the stepping boundary – the force that can be resisted without stepping – for force-controlled perturbations of different durations. Twenty-two healthy young adults (19-37 years old) were instructed to try not to step in response to 86 different force/time combinations of forward waist-pulls. The forces at which 50% of subjects stepped (F50) were identified for each tested perturbation durations. Results showed that F50 decreased hyperbolically when the perturbation’s duration increased and converged toward a constant value (about 10%BW) for longer perturbations (over 1500ms). (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: T. Robert, P. Vall ée, R. Tisserand, F. Buloup, D. Bariatinsky, JL. Vercher, RC. Fitzpatrick, ML. Mille Source Type: research
Influence of gait speed on free vertical moment during walking
Free vertical moment (FVM) of ground reaction is recognized to be a meaningful indicator of torsional stress on the lower limbs when walking. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how gait speed influences the FVM when walking. Fourteen young healthy adults performed a series of overground walking trials at three different speeds: low, preferred and fast. FVM was measured during the stance phase of the dominant leg using a force platform embedded in a 10 m-long walkway. Transverse plane kinematic parameters of the foot and pelvis were measured using a motion capture system. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: J érémie Begue, Teddy Caderby, Nicolas Peyrot, Georges Dalleau Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Biomechanics of the soft-palate in sleep apnea patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Highly compliant tissue supporting the pharynx and low muscle tone enhance the possibility of upper airway occlusion in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present study describes subject-specific computational modeling of flow-induced velopharyngeal narrowing in a female child with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with OSA and a non-OSA control. Anatomically accurate three-dimensional geometries of the upper airway and soft-palate were reconstructed for both subjects using magnetic resonance (MR) images. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dhananjay Radhakrishnan Subramaniam, Raanan Arens, Mark E. Wagshul, Sanghun Sin, David M. Wootton, Ephraim J. Gutmark Source Type: research
Evaluation of the head-helmet sliding properties in an impact test
The scalp plays a crucial role in head impact biomechanics, being the first tissue involved in the impact and providing a sliding interface between the impactor and/or helmet and the skull. It is important to understand both the scalp-skull and the scalp-helmet sliding in order to determine the head response due to an impact. However, experimental data on the sliding properties of the scalp is lacking. The aim of this work was to identify the sliding properties of the scalp using cadaver heads, in terms of scalp-skull and scalp-liner (internal liner of the helmet) friction and to compare these values with that of widely us...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Antonia Trotta, Aisling N í Annaidh, Roy Owen Burek, Bart Pelgrims, Jan Ivens Source Type: research
Effect of Sensory-Motor Latencies and Active Muscular Stiffness on Stability for an Ankle-Hip Model of Balance on a Balance Board
To achieve human upright posture (UP) and avoid falls, the central nervous system processes visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive information to activate the appropriate muscles to accelerate or decelerate the body ’s center of mass. In this process, sensory-motor (SM) latencies and muscular deficits, even in healthy older adults, may cause falls. This condition is worse for people with chronic neuromuscular deficits (stroke survivors, patients with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease). One therapeut ic approach is to recover or improve quiet UP by utilizing a balance board (BB) (a rotating surface with a tunabl...
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Erik Chumacero, James Yang Source Type: research
Correlation between translational and rotational kinematic abnormalities and osteoarthritis-like damage in two in vivo sheep injury models
This study was conducted to determine the finite helical axes parameters and the tibiofemoral translation vector in the knee joints of two surgically induced injury sheep models: anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament transection (ACL/MCL Tx) (n=5) and lateral meniscectomy (n=5). We hypothesized that morphological damage in the experimental joints would be correlated to alterations in these kinematic variables. (Source: Journal of Biomechanics)
Source: Journal of Biomechanics - May 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mehdi Shekarforoush, Jillian E Beveridge, David A Hart, Cyril B Frank, Nigel G Shrive Source Type: research
