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Emergence of polymyxin B resistance in a polymyxin B-susceptible KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae causing bloodstream infection in a neutropenic patient during polymyxin B therapy
This study evaluated the molecular mechanisms associated with polymyxin B (PMB) resistance that emerged in a previously PMB-susceptible KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae during PMB therapy for a bloodstream infection in a neutropenic patient. The first isolate (PMB-susceptible) was obtained while the patient was receiving meropenem and other isolates were recovered from two sets of blood cultures in different dates while the patient was receiving PMB therapy (four of six blood cultures bottles yielded isolates with full PMB resistance). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 19, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alexandre P. Zavascki, Raquel Girardello, Cibele M. Magagnin, Laura C. Antochevis, Rafael A. Maciel, Jussara K. Palmeiro, Ana C. Gales Source Type: research

Occurrence of Enterobacter hormaechei carrying blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2 in China
Three carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of the Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) were recovered from different patients in a hospital. All three isolates carried two carbapenemase genes blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1. A study was performed to characterize their relatedness and to investigate possible links among the patients. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the isolates were Enterobacter hormaechei and belonged to ST177 of the ECC. There were 19 to 142 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the isolates, suggesting that the isolates were likely from a central reservoir, which might have existed for some time. (S...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 19, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Biwei Yang, Yu Feng, Alan McNally, Zhiyong Zong Source Type: research

Comparative study of three carbapenem-hydrolysis methods for the confirmation of carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae
The goals of the study were to examine the analytic and performance parameters of two commercial rapid carbapenem-hydrolysis assays, the β-CARBA test (Bio-Rad) and the Rapid CARB Blue Kit (ROSCO) in comparison with an in-house CARBA NP assay for the detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Their performance was evaluated following growth on two chromogenic CPE screening media. The sensitivity was highest (91%) in the β-CARBA test when used from the mSuperCARBA™ plates and was lowest when the same test was used from the chromID™ CARBA plates (75%). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 19, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ohad Shalom, Amos Adler Source Type: research

CHROMagar mSuperCARBA and RAPIDEC ® Carba NP test for detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
A novel chromogenic medium CHROMagar mSuperCARBA was evaluated to detect carbapenem-resistant Gram-negatives. This medium is as sensitive and as specific as the SUPERCARBA medium for detecting KPC, MBL and OXA-48-type producers (100% and 100%, respectively) and is compatible with subsequent testing of carbapenemase activity using the RAPIDEC ® CARBA NP. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 19, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Meritxell Garcia-Quintanilla, Laurent Poirel, Patrice Nordmann Tags: Note Source Type: research

Activity of Omadacycline Tested against Streptococcus pneumoniae from a Global Surveillance Program (2014)
The activity of omadacycline and comparators when tested against a subset of Streptococcus pneumoniae from US and European regions of a 2014 global surveillance program (304 isolates) are reported. These MIC results were compared to those obtained when testing S. pneumoniae from 2010 surveillance (1834 isolates). The omadacycline MIC50/90 for S. pneumoniae (2014) was 0.06/0.06 μg/mL, similar to 2010 (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.12μg/mL). The omadacycline MIC90 (0.06–0.12μg/mL) was similar for the penicillin-susceptible, −intermediate, −resistant, multidrug-resistance (MDR; ≥3 classes), and ceftriaxone nonsusceptible subgro...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - October 19, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: M.A. Pfaller, P.R. Rhomberg, M.D. Huband, R.K. Flamm Source Type: research