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Diagnostic yield of real-time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of intrapartum maternal rectovaginal colonization by group B Streptococcus: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Group B streptococcus is the leading etiologic factor of neonatal sepsis. Intrapartum real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may allow faster and more accurate detection of maternal colonization. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR, when compared to the reference standard culture in selective broth media, collected from rectovaginal tract from laboring women. We selected fifteen studies that included 6,368 women. Papers selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two independent researchers. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 2, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Otto Henrique May Feuerschuette, Sheila Koettker Silveira, Ana Carolina Labor Cancelier, Rosemeri Maurici da Silva, Daisson Jos é Trevisol, Jefferson Ricardo Pereira Source Type: research

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and influenza co-infection in immunocompetent hosts: case reports and review of the literature
This report describes two fatal cases of pathologically-confirmed IPA in patients with influenza in the intensive care unit (ICU). One patient had influenza B infection whereas the other had influenza A H1N1. Both patients died despite broad-spectrum antimicrobials, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 2, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Melisa M. Shah, Eric I. Hsiao, Carl M. Kirsch, Amit Gohil, Supriya Narasimhan, David A. Stevens Tags: Review Source Type: research

Rapid One-Step Extraction Method for the Identification of Molds using MALDI-TOF MS
In this study, we developed and validated a rapid one-step protein extraction protocol for filamentous fungi. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 2, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Paul M. Luethy, Adrian M. Zelazny Source Type: research

Hepatitis C virus core antigen for screening organ donors and recipients
Organ donors and recipients are routinely screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, typically via anti-HCV detection. We analyze the utility of an alternative HCV core antigen (HCV-Ag) quantification system, the ARCHITECT HCV Ag Assay, in this setting. We simultaneously tested 315 samples from potential organ donors and recipients using two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays: ARCHITECT Anti-HCV and HCV Ag (Abbott, Germany). HCV-Ag was detected in 81 of the serum samples (25.71%) and anti-HCV in 87 (27.62%). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rafael Benito, Jorge Arribas, Sonia Algarate, Roc ío Cebollada, M. José Gude Source Type: research

Activity of ceftobiprole against Staphylococcus spec. isolates derived from foreign body associated infections
Antibiotic therapy is essential in foreign body associated infections. The treatment regime should aim at high tissue concentrations, high bioavailability, high biofilm penetration and good tolerance. We investigated whether the new cephalosporin ceftobiprole is active against clinical isolates from musculoskeletal foreign body associated infections. One hundred ninety-six staphylococci isolates (coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus) derived from foreign body associated infections were tested towards susceptibility to ceftobiprole, using a test strip assay and broth microdilution. (Source: Diagnostic ...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 19, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gunnar T.R. Hischebeth, Sascha Gravius, Ernst Molitor, Hendrik Kohlhof, Achim Hoerauf, Caecilia Hilgers, Thomas M. Randau Source Type: research

Activity of ceftobiprole against Staphylococcus spec. isolates derived from foreign body associated infections
Antibiotic therapy is essential in foreign body associated infections. The treatment regime should aim at high tissue concentrations, high bioavailability, high biofilm penetration and good tolerance. We investigated whether the new cephalosporin ceftobiprole is active against clinical isolates from musculoskeletal foreign body associated infections. 196 staphylococci isolates (coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus) derived from foreign body associated infections were tested towards susceptibility to ceftobiprole, using a test strip assay and broth microdilution. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 19, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gunnar T.R. Hischebeth, Sascha Gravius, Ernst Molitor, Hendrik Kohlhof, Achim Hoerauf, Caecilia Hilgers, Thomas M. Randau Source Type: research

In vitro activities of carbapenems in combination with amikacin, colistin, or fosfomycin against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates (n=23) were investigated for carbapenem resistance mechanisms and in vitro activities of carbapenems in combination with amikacin, colistin, or fosfomycin. Major carbapenem resistance mechanism was OXA-23 production. The vast majority of these isolates were OXA-23 –producing A. baumannii ST195 and ST542, followed by novel STs, ST1417, and ST1423. The interuption of carO by a novel insertion sequence, ISAba40, was found in two isolates. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 15, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Uthaibhorn Singkham-in, Tanittha Chatsuwan Source Type: research

In Vitro Activities of Carbapenems in Combination with Amikacin, Colistin or Fosfomycin against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates (n=23) were investigated for carbapenem resistance mechanisms and in vitro activities of carbapenems in combination with amikacin, colistin or fosfomycin. Major carbapenem resistance mechanism was OXA-23 production. The vast majority of these isolates were OXA-23-producing A. baumannii ST195 and ST542, followed by novel STs, ST1417 and ST1423. The interuption of carO by a novel insertion sequence, ISAba40, was found in two isolates. The combinations of imipenem and fosfomycin, meropenem and amikacin, imipenem and amikacin, and imipenem and colistin were synergi...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 15, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Uthaibhorn Singkham-in, Tanittha Chatsuwan Source Type: research

Virulence genes, capsular and plasmid types of multidrug-resistant CTX-M(-2, -8, -15) and KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from four major hospitals in Brazil
We performed a single-month snapshot study of the population diversity of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing carbapenemases and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamases from four major hospitals in Brazil. Isolates produced diverse ESBL (CTX-M-2, -8, -15, SHV-2), KPC-2 or both (CTX-M-2 and KPC-2), linked to specific genetic backgrounds and plasmids from a few families (IncR, IncFIIk, IncL/M) that were shared among clonal lineages within and between ho spitals. A high clonal diversity was identified, among isolates from the same ST (ST11, ST15, ST101 or ST340). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 12, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Leonardo Neves Andrade, Ângela Novais, Lenita Maria Marcato Stegani, Joseane Cristina Ferreira, Carla Rodrigues, Ana Lucia Costa Darini, Luisa Peixe Source Type: research

Impact of inter-genotypic recombination and probe cross-reactivity on the performance of the Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II assay for hepatitis C genotyping
This study measured the impact of inter-genotypic recombination and probe cross-reactivity on the performance of the Abbott-RT-HCV assay. 517 samples were genotyped using the Abbott-RT-HCV assay over a one-year period, 34 (6.6%) were identified as HCV genotype 1 without further subtype designation raising the possibility of inaccurate genotyping. These samples were subjected to confirmatory sequencing. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 11, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Siddharth Sridhar, Cyril C.Y. Yip, Jasper F.W. Chan, Kelvin K.W. To, Vincent C.C. Cheng, Kwok-Yung Yuen Tags: Virology Source Type: research

An in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of tedizolid: implications for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are among the most commonly occurring infections and evidence suggests that these are increasing world-wide. The aetiology is diverse, but Staphylococcus aureus predominate and these are often resistant to antimicrobials that were previously effective. Tedizolid is a new oxazolidinone-class antibacterial indicated for the treatment of adults with SSTI caused by Gram-positive pathogens, including S. aureus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of tedizolid in comparison to other clinically used antibacterials against antibiotic sensitive- and resistant-staphyloco...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 10, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pierre Delpech, Muna ALeryan, Brian Jones, Curtis Gemmell, Sue Lang Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Study Source Type: research