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Linagliptin and pioglitazone combination therapy versus monotherapy with linagliptin or pioglitazone: A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multinational clinical trial
Linagliptin plus pioglitazone single-pill combinations were evaluated. Patients (n = 936) with insufficient glycaemic control, despite lifestyle interventions, were randomised for 30 weeks to either monotherapy with linagliptin 5 mg; pioglitazone 15, 30 or 45 mg; or single-pill combination with linagliptin 5 mg plus pioglitazone 15, 30 or 45 mg. An extension (<=54 weeks) planned to evaluate linagliptin plus pioglitazone 30 or 45 mg single-pill combinations was not completed due to a protocol amendment. Adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) differences in HbA1c change from baseline at week 30 for linagliptin plus piogl...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - May 22, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nauck, M. A., di Domenico, M., Patel, S., Kobe, M., Toorawa, R., Woerle, H.-J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in normal glucose metabolism but not in type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Study
Conclusion: This suggests that serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with impaired left ventricular function in normal glucose metabolism, but that with deteriorating glucose metabolism status, serum advanced glycation endproducts may not mirror heart failure risk. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - May 22, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Linssen, P. B., Henry, R. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Brunner-La Rocca, H.-P., Stehouwer, C. D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Considerably decreased risk of cardiovascular disease with combined reductions in HbA1c, blood pressure and blood lipids in type 2 diabetes: Report from the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Conclusion: Considerable risk reductions for cardiovascular disease and mortality were seen with combined long-term risk factor improvement. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - May 22, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Eeg-Olofsson, K., Zethelius, B., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Eliasson, B., Svensson, A.-M., Cederholm, J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Early myocardial impairment in type 1 diabetes patients without known heart disease assessed with tissue Doppler echocardiography: The Thousand & 1 study
Conclusion: In type 1 diabetes patients with albuminuria, both systolic and diastolic functions are impaired, whereas in patients without albuminuria only diastolic function is affected. Myocardial impairment is detectable many years prematurely in type 1 diabetes, especially in patients with albuminuria. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - May 22, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jensen, M. T., Sogaard, P., Andersen, H. U., Gustafsson, I., Bech, J., Hansen, T. F., Theilade, S., Almdal, T., Rossing, P., Jensen, J. S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Risk stratification for 25-year cardiovascular disease incidence in type 1 diabetes: Tree-structured survival analysis of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that subgroups with major cardiovascular disease risk differences exist in this type 1 diabetes cohort. Using tree-structured survival analysis may help to identify these groups and the interrelationships between their associated risk factors. This approach may improve our understanding of various clinical pathways to cardiovascular disease and help target intervention strategies. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - May 22, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Miller, R. G., Anderson, S. J., Costacou, T., Sekikawa, A., Orchard, T. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and statin use among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes mellitus
This study examined statin use and achievement of lipid goals among 111,730 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years and older in 2011. Three-quarters of patients met the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal of less than 100 mg/dL. Patients with cardiovascular disease were more likely to meet the goal than those without, not controlling for other differences. Patients on a statin were more likely to meet the goal. There is considerable opportunity for improvement in cholesterol management in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Qualls, L. G., Hammill, B. G., Maciejewski, M. L., Curtis, L. H., Jones, W. S. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on cardiac and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study
Conclusion: We demonstrated significant improvements in LV systolic, diastolic and endothelial function in patients treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor over 12 months. These beneficial effects may provide some reassurance regarding the cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Leung, M., Leung, D. Y., Wong, V. W. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Examining the relationship between HbA1c and diabetes risk models in a European population indicates a lower threshold to identify 'high risk is required
This study examined whether changes in HbA1c values are reflected in the risk scores and categories of four validated risk-assessment tools (QDiabetes, Leicester Risk Assessment, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and Cambridge Risk Score). Retrospective analysis was performed on 651 individuals with no prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or diabetes who participated in a UK workplace-based risk-assessment initiative. There were significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) revealed between HbA1c values and predicted risk scores: QDiabetes (r = 0.362), Leicester Risk Assessment (r = 0.315), Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (r ...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gray, B. J., Bracken, R. M., Turner, D., Morgan, K., Thomas, M., Williams, S. P., Williams, M., Rice, S., Stephens, J. W., on behalf of the Prosiect Sir Gar Group Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Diabetes mellitus and coronary microvascular function in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and nonobstructed coronary arteries
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus additionally impairs coronary microvascular function in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and nonobstructed coronary arteries. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Banovic, M., Brkovic, V., Nedeljkovic, I., Nedeljkovic, M., Popovic, D., Djordjevic-Dikic, A., Ristic, A., Nikolic, S., Beleslin, B. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Sensor and software use for the glycaemic management of insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients
In conclusion, ambulatory glucose profile helps glycaemic management in insulin-treated diabetes patients by increasing time spent in euglycaemia and decreasing HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients, while reducing hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes patients. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ajjan, R. A., Abougila, K., Bellary, S., Collier, A., Franke, B., Jude, E. B., Rayman, G., Robinson, A., Singh, B. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

(-)-Epicatechin-induced recovery of mitochondria from simulated diabetes: Potential role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
(-)-Epicatechin increases indicators associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells and myocardium. We investigated endothelial nitric oxide synthase involvement on (-)-epicatechin-induced increases in indicators associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in human coronary artery endothelial cells cultured in normal-glucose and high-glucose media, as well as to restore indicators of cardiac mitochondria from the effects of simulated diabetes. Here, we demonstrate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase on (-)-epicatechin-induced increases in mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors and sirtuin 1 und...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ramirez-Sanchez, I., Rodriguez, A., Moreno-Ulloa, A., Ceballos, G., Villarreal, F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A randomised controlled trial evaluating the impact of targeted vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The DIMENSION trial
We sought to determine if vitamin D supplementation, to target 25(OH)D concentrations of 30–40 ng/mL, improves endothelial function in Singapore’s multi-ethnic type 2 diabetes mellitus population. We randomised 64 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypovitaminosis D to cholecalciferol 4000 International Unit/matching placebo [baseline 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] or cholecalciferol 2000 International Unit/matching placebo [baseline 25(OH)D: 20–30 ng/mL] daily for 16 weeks with a down titration at 8 weeks if 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL. Endothelial function was assessed by peripheral tonometry (reactive hyperaemia...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dalan, R., Liew, H., Assam, P. N., Chan, E. S., Siddiqui, F. J., Tan, A. W., Chew, D. E., Boehm, B. O., Leow, M. K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Markers of fibrinolysis may predict development of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with diabetes: A longitudinal prospective cohort study with 10 years of follow-up
Conclusion: This long-term study supports previous findings of a significant association between asymptomatic lower extremity arterial disease and tissue plasminogen activator–activity. Thus, tissue plasminogen activator–activity may be an early marker of lower extremity arterial disease although the mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Rautio, A., Boman, K., Eriksson, J. W., Svensson, M. K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Review of gestational diabetes mellitus effects on vascular structure and function
Vascular dysfunction has been described in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, previous gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Factors contributing to vascular changes remain uncertain. The aim of this review was to summarize vascular structure and function changes found to occur in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify factors that contribute to vascular dysfunction. A systematic search of electronic databases yielded 15 publications from 1998 to March 2014 that met the in...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jensen, L. A., Chik, C. L., Ryan, E. A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Promoter polymorphism at the tumour necrosis factor/lymphotoxin-alpha locus is associated with type of diabetes but not with susceptibility to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy
Conclusion: An association between the A allele of rs1800629 and type of diabetes was found. No association was found between two promoter variants of TNF and LTA, and diabetic retinopathy in a large cohort of Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - February 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kaidonis, G., Craig, J. E., Gillies, M. C., Abhary, S., Essex, R. W., Chang, J. H., Pal, B., Pefkianaki, M., Daniell, M., Lake, S., Petrovsky, N., Burdon, K. P. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research