Chemotherapy Resistance in Breast Cancer
Chemoresistance is a major cause of breast cancer recurrence and death. Currently, drug-resistant disease is treated by selection of another drug(s), without understanding the molecular mechanism(s) involved in a given patient’s chemoresistance. Better understanding of chemoresistance may enable a more informed selection of chemotherapeutic agents and improve patient outcomes. The article reviews mechanisms of resistance to common chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer: anthracyclines, taxanes and antimetabolites. Gene amplification of YWHAZ, encoding an anti-apoptotic protein, and LAPTM4B, encoding lysosomal-associa...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - March 28, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
New Ways to Improve Breast Cancer Therapy Targeting Specific Molecular Pathways
Preclinical laboratory science has revealed multiple new targets for breast cancer therapy. Clinical trials targeting key signaling pathways are underway and a number of new drugs have been approved for treatment. Targeting of growth factor receptors by monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors were among the first to be approved, but new small molecules inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway have also shown promise. This review will evaluate potential new targets and specifically targets in hormone receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer. (Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews)
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - March 28, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins and Related Molecules in the Resistance to Therapies in Breast and Gynecologic Cancer
The HSP response is implicated in conferring to breast and gynecologic malignancies different sensitivities to anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and immunotherapy (we are in the need of more studies about radiotherapy). The heat shock proteins are mainly implicated in cell death mechanisms, in cell differentiation including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in tumor dormancy, in angiogenesis, metastasis formation, and in the escape of immunosurveillance. Considering the ample functions where the HSPs are implicated and that the HSP response is quite complex it is not surprising that the HSP re...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - March 28, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Editorial (Thematic Issue: Chemoresistance in Gynecologic Cancers)
(Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews)
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - March 28, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
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(Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews)
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - March 28, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Multi-modal Anti-cancer Activities Provided by a Non-replicating Sendai Virus Envelope
Recently, substantial attention has been focused on cancer treatments using oncolytic viruses, which may result in a paradigm shift in conventional cancer therapy through the use of these viruses either alone or in combination with other therapeutics. Thus far, the cancer-killing mechanism of oncolytic viruses has been dependent on selective viral replication in cancer cells. However, UV-irradiated Sendai virus particles (hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; HVJ-E) with membrane fusion activity selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells but not non-cancerous cells, although neither viral genome replication nor...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Multidisciplinary Cancer Therapy with Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Adenovirus
This article reviews recent highlights in the rapidly evolving field of multidisciplinary therapy with telomelysin. (Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews)
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
New Generation of Oncolytic Herpes Virus
Oncolytic virus therapy has recently been recognized as a promising new treatment option for cancer. The strategy is to use genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, without harming normal cells. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been well studied and has many advantages for the use in cancer therapy, making it the mainstay of current clinical trials of oncolytic virus therapy. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies of oncolytic HSV-1 have demonstrated its safety and antitumor efficacy, the latter of which is mainly attributable to its direct cytocid...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Infectivity Selective Adenovirus Based on High-throughput Adenoviral Ligand Library Screening
An ultimate goal of the developers of cancer genetherapy/virotherapy is to develop a device enabling systemic treatment of the patients with advanced or spread diseases. The targeting at the level of infection, which can define the initial distribution following intravenous administration, is considered to be the most important for realization of systemic therapy. Adenovirus which has very high in vivo transduction efficiency is an attractive vector for designing novel cancer therapeutics for systemic therapy, and we and others have been working on this issue in the field of oncolytic adenovirus (OAd). However, the success...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Armed Oncolytic Adenoviruses and Polymer-shielded Nanocomplex for Systemic Delivery
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad) that selectively replicate in cancer cells are emerging as a promising new modality for cancer treatment. The most attractive feature of oncolytic Ad is its ability to destroy cancer cells through a distinctive and unique function in which the virus selectively replicates and destroys tumors by cell lysis, a function that no anti-cancer drugs can mimic. Moreover, coupling the lytic function of oncolytic Ad with virus- mediated expression of therapeutic gene, termed “armed oncolytic Ad”, has been exceedingly promising in preclinical settings. However, systemic delivery of oncolytic Ad inevita...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Editorial (Thematic Issue: “Current Trend in Oncolytic Virus Therapy Against Cancers”)
(Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews)
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Meet Our Editorial Board Member:
(Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews)
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - February 3, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Novel Strategies for Effective Actinic Keratosis Treatment: A Review
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common premalignant skin lesions. These are epidermal neoplasms of altered keratinocytes. Development of Actinic keratosis is correlated with chronic exposure of UVB sun radiation resulting in formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPDs). During UV exposure, expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 is enhanced, which protects and repairs damaged DNA, failing which, cell leads to apoptosis. An irreversible damage to p53 gene results in failure of apoptosis and DNA repair resulting in expansion of cells into neoplasm. Risk of progression of these actinic keratosis lesions to squamous cell car...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - December 20, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Trends in Malignant Glioma Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Although new passive and active immunotherapy methods are emerging, unconjugated monoclonal antibodies remain the only kind of biological preparations approved for high-grade glioma therapy in clinical practice. In this review, we combine clinical and experimental data discussion. As antiangiogenic therapy is the standard of care for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we analyze major clinical trials and possible therapeutic combinations of bevacizumab, the most common monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Another humanized antibody to gain recognition in GBM is epidermal growth factor (EG...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - December 20, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Radiotherapy in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder Cancer –Where Does it Fit Into Treatment Protocol
Urinary bladder carcinoma is estimated to be the ninth most common cause of cancer worldwide. The treatment of bladder carcinoma is an area of active research owing to lack of evidence of any treatment modality. Traditionally surgery, cystectomy, was considered the cornerstone of therapy. However, the morbidity of such approach has paved for bladder preservation approach with radiation in combination with chemotherapy. The use of transurethral resection of bladder tumor along with radiation and chemotherapy helps patients to have a functional bladder without compromising survival. Adjuvant radiation is an underutilized tre...
Source: Current Cancer Therapy Reviews - December 20, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
