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In vivo MR imaging of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
In conclusion, ICAM‐1 expression can be visualized with in vivo molecular MRI during EAE, and provides an early tracer of disease activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In a model of multiple sclerosis we showed that intracerebral upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), an early event in lesion formation, was visualized in vivo with MRI using antibody‐labeled micron‐sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO). MPIO presence was not necessarily associated with blood–brain barrier dysfunction. Histochemistry showed that ICAM‐1 was expressed by brain endothelial cells, macrophages and...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 21, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Erwin L. A. Blezer, Lisette H. Deddens, Gijs Kooij, Joost Drexhage, Susanne M. A. Pol, Arie Reijerkerk, Rick M. Dijkhuizen, Helga E. Vries Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Nucleophilic cross‐linked, dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles as basis for molecular imaging: synthesis, characterization, visualization and comparison with previous product
We present a new synthesis protocol for a multivalent, multimodality, nucleophilic nanoparticle ideal for in vivo imaging. Stability requirements necessitated covalent cross‐linking of the carbohydrate cage, easy functionalization the introduction of sterically accessible amine groups. The new protocol aimed at more uniform particle size, less clustering and superior magnetic properties compared with commercial nanoparticles. Particles were precipitated from Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the presence of 10 kDa dextran monodispersed from the aerosol phase. Cross‐linking was achieved with epichlorhydrin, nuclophilication with NH3, ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 21, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Robert Borny, Thomas Lechleitner, Thomas Schmiedinger, Martin Hermann, Richard Tessadri, Günther Redhammer, Josef Neumüller, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Gundula Berzaczy, Gürkan Erman, Martin Popovic, Johannes Lammer, Martin Funovics Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Molecular magnetic resonance probe targeting VEGF165: preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation
A new method for imaging the tumor human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165) is presented. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe was prepared by crosslinking ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles to the aptamer for tumor vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165‐aptamer). The molecular probe was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities toward VEGF165. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that the VEGF165‐aptamer–USPIO nanoparticles conjugate specifically binds to VEGF165 in vitro. A cell proliferation test showed that VEGF165‐aptamer–USPIO seems to blo...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 14, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Xiao‐Guang You, Rong Tu, Ming‐Li Peng, Yu‐Jie Bai, Mingqian Tan, Han‐Jian Li, Jing Guan, Li‐Jun Wen Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

PET imaging of prostate tumors with 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐MATBBN
In this study NOTA‐conjugated MATBBN was labeled by the Al18F method and the potential of 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐MATBBN for prostate tumor PET imaging was also evaluated. NOTA‐MATBBN was radiolabeled with 18F using Al18F complexes. Partition coefficient, in vitro stability and GRPR binding affinity were also determined. PET studies were performed with 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐MATBBN in PC‐3 tumor‐bearing mice. 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐MATBBN can be produced within 30 min with a decay‐corrected yield of 62.5 ± 2.1% and a radiochemical purity of >98%. The logP octanol–water value for the Al18F‐labeled BBN analog was −...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 14, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Donghui Pan, Yongjun Yan, Ronghua Yang, Yu Ping Xu, Fei Chen, Lizhen Wang, Shineng Luo, Min Yang Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Nature‐inspired nanoformulations for contrast‐enhanced in vivo MR imaging of macrophages
In this study, a naturally occurring methionine oxidation in the major HDL protein, apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I, was exploited as a novel way to target HDL to macrophages. We also tested if fully functional GBCA–HDL can be generated using synthetic apo A‐I peptides. The fluorescence and MRI studies reveal that specific oxidation of apo A‐I or its peptides increases the in vitro macrophage uptake of GBCA–HDL by 2–3 times. The in vivo imaging studies using an apo E‐deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis and a 3.0 T MRI system demonstrate that this modification significantly improves atherosclerotic plaque dete...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 14, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Alexander B. Sigalov Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

In vivo Overhauser‐enhanced MRI of proteolytic activity
There is an increasing interest in developing novel imaging strategies for sensing proteolytic activities in intact organisms in vivo. Overhauser‐enhanced MRI (OMRI) offers the possibility to reveal the proteolysis of nitroxide‐labeled macromolecules thanks to a sharp decrease of the rotational correlation time of the nitroxide moiety upon cleavage. In this paper, this concept is illustrated in vivo at 0.2 T using nitroxide‐labeled elastin orally administered in mice. In vitro, this elastin derivative was OMRI‐visible and gave rise to high Overhauser enhancements (19‐fold at 18 mm nitroxide) upon proteolysis ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 14, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Neha Koonjoo, Elodie Parzy, Philippe Massot, Matthieu Lepetit‐Coiffé, Sylvain R. A. Marque, Jean‐Michel Franconi, Eric Thiaudiere, Philippe Mellet Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 7, 2014 Category: Radiology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Influence of different iodinated contrast media on the induction of DNA double‐strand breaks after in vitro X‐ray irradiation
The objective of this work was to examine differences in DNA double‐strand break induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes after in vitro X‐ray irradiation between iodinated contrast agents. Four different iodinated X‐ray contrast agents – three of them with two different iodine concentrations – and mannitol (negative control; concentration of 150 mg mannitol per ml blood) were pipetted into blood samples so that there was a concentration of 0, 7.5 or 15 mg of iodine per ml blood in the samples. Negative controls without contrast medium (0 mg of iodine per ml blood) were also processed for every irradiation...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 20, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Christoph K. W. Deinzer, Daniela Danova, Beate Kleb, Klaus J. Klose, Johannes T. Heverhagen Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Synthesis and characterization of a porphyrazine–Gd(III) MRI contrast agent and in vivo imaging of a breast cancer xenograft model
Porphyrazines (Pz), or tetraazaporphyrins, are being studied for their potential use in detection and treatment of cancer. Here, an amphiphilic Cu–Pz–Gd(III) conjugate has been prepared via azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition or ‘click’ chemistry between an azide functionalized Pz and alkyne functionalized DOTA–Gd(III) analog for use as an MRI contrast agent. This agent, Cu–Pz–Gd(III), is synthesized in good yield and exhibits solution‐phase ionic relaxivity (r1 = 11.5 mm−1 s−1) that is approximately four times higher than that of a clinically used monomeric Gd(III) contrast agent, DOTA–Gd(III). ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 19, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Evan R. Trivedi, Zhidong Ma, Emily A. Waters, Keith W. Macrenaris, Rohit Subramanian, Anthony G. M. Barrett, Thomas J. Meade, Brian M. Hoffman Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Bifunctional Gd(III) and Tb(III) chelates based on a pyridine–bis(iminodiacetate) platform, suitable optical probes and contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
To study the physicochemical properties of lanthanide complexes derived from a bifunctional chelating agent based on a PMN‐tetraacetic acid moiety {PMN‐tetraacetic acid (1): [2,6‐pyridinediylbis(methylene nitrilo)‐tetraacetic acid]}, 4‐carboxylic acid substituted pyridine derivative (2) was synthesized. This ligand forms heptadentate (N3O4) Ln(III) complexes (Ln = Gd, Eu, Tb), with two water molecules completing the inner coordination sphere of the metal. The parameters that govern the relaxivity of the Gd(III) complex and the luminescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes were obtained by 17O and 1H NMR studi...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 19, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Sophie Laurent, Luce Vander Elst, Chantal Galaup, Nadine Leygue, Sébastien Boutry, Claude Picard, Robert. N. Muller Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Direct coupling of annexin A5 to VSOP yields small, protein‐covered nanoprobes for MR imaging of apoptosis
Annexin A5 (Anx) has been extensively used for imaging apoptosis by single‐photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, optical imaging and MRI. Recently we introduced ultrasmall Anx–VSOP (very small iron oxide particles) – the smallest high‐relaxivity probe for MRI of apoptosis. Here we present a simplified method for the direct coupling of Anx to VSOP, which resulted in nanoparticles that are nearly completely covered with human Anx. These superparamagnetic nanoparticles are only 14.4 ± 2.3 nm in diameter and have higher T2* relaxivity. Compared with existing probes, the small size and the ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 19, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Lena Figge, Franziska Appler, Howard H. Chen, David E. Sosnovik, Jörg Schnorr, Oliver Seitz, Matthias Taupitz, Bernd Hamm, Eyk Schellenberger Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Absolute MR thermometry using nanocarriers
In conclusion, nanocarrier materials may serve as highly versatile tools for tumor‐targeted drug delivery, acting not only as hyperthermia‐responsive drug delivery systems, but also as accurate and precise nano‐thermometers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nanocarriers, such as PEGylated liposomes, polymeric micelles and HPMA copolymers, may serve as highly versatile tools for tumor‐targeted drug delivery, acting not only as hyperthermia‐responsive drug‐delivery systems, but also as accurate and precise absolute nano‐thermometers. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 19, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Roel Deckers, Sara M. Sprinkhuizen, Bart J. Crielaard, Johannes H. Ippel, Rolf Boelens, Chris J. G. Bakker, Gert Storm, Twan Lammers, Lambertus W. Bartels Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Dynamic fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green for monitoring the therapeutic effects of photoimmunotherapy
In conclusion, ICG may serve as a potential indicator of acute cytotoxic effects of mAb‐IR700‐induced PIT even before morphological changes can be seen in targeted tumors. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. A new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT), which uses a near infrared phthalocyanine dye conjugated with a mAb, leads to immediate, target‐selective necrotic cell death. However, tumor shrinkage takes several days to occur, making it difficult to detect earlier changes in the tumor. Dynamic flu...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 19, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Towhid Ali, Takahito Nakajima, Kohei Sano, Kazuhide Sato, Peter L. Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer (qCEST) MRI – RF spillover effect‐corrected omega plot for simultaneous determination of labile proton fraction ratio and exchange rate
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive to dilute proteins and peptides as well as microenvironmental properties. However, the complexity of the CEST MRI effect, which varies with the labile proton content, exchange rate and experimental conditions, underscores the need for developing quantitative CEST (qCEST) analysis. Towards this goal, it has been shown that omega plot is capable of quantifying paramagnetic CEST MRI. However, the use of the omega plot is somewhat limited for diamagnetic CEST (DIACEST) MRI because it is more susceptible to direct radio frequency (RF) saturation (spillover) owing to ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 19, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Phillip Zhe Sun, Yu Wang, ZhuoZhi Dai, Gang Xiao, Renhua Wu Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

A comprehensive review on controls in molecular imaging: lessons from MMP‐2 imaging
Metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP‐2, play critical roles in tissue remodeling and are involved in a large array of pathologies, including cancer, arthritis and atherosclerosis. Their prognostic value warranted a large investment or resources in the development of noninvasive detection methods, based on probes for many current clinical and pre‐clinical imaging modalities. However, the potential of imaging techniques is only matched by the complexity of the data they generate. This complexity must be properly assessed and accounted for in the early steps of probe design and testing in order to accurately determine...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 7, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Réjean Lebel, Martin Lepage Tags: Review Source Type: research