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Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of 68Ga core‐doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging
Combination of complementary imaging techniques, like hybrid PET/MRI, allows protocols to be developed that exploit the best features of both. In order to get the best of these combinations the use of dual probes is highly desirable. On this sense the combination of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles and 68Ga isotope is a powerful development for the new generation of hybrid systems and multimodality approaches. Our objective was the synthesis and application of a chelator‐free 68Ga‐iron oxide nanotracer with improved stability, radiolabeling yield and in vivo performance in dual PET/MRI. We carried out the core do...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 8, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Juan Pellico, Jesús Ruiz‐Cabello, Marina Saiz‐Alía, Gilberto Rosario, Sergio Caja, María Montoya, Laura Fernández de Manuel, M. Puerto Morales, Lucia Gutiérrez, Beatriz Galiana, Jose A. Enríquez, Fernando Herranz Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of 68Ga core ‐doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging
Combination of complementary imaging techniques, like hybrid PET/MRI, allows protocols to be developed that exploit the best features of both. In order to get the best of these combinations the use of dual probes is highly desirable. On this sense the combination of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles and 68Ga isotope is a powerful development for the new generation of hybrid systems and multimodality approaches. Our objective was the synthesis and application of a chelator‐free 68Ga‐iron oxide nanotracer with improved stability, radiolabeling yield and in vivo performance in dual PET/MRI. We carried out the core do...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Juan Pellico, Jes ús Ruiz‐Cabello, Marina Saiz‐Alía, Gilberto Rosario, Sergio Caja, María Montoya, Laura Fernández de Manuel, M. Puerto Morales, Lucia Gutiérrez, Beatriz Galiana, Jose A. Enríquez, Fernando Herranz Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Comparison of small animal CT contrast agents
Non‐invasive in vivo small animal computed tomography (CT) imaging provides high resolution bone scans but cannot differentiate between soft tissues. For most applications injections of contrast agents (CAs) are necessary. Aim of this study was to uncover the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available CT CAs (ExiTron nano 12 000 and 6000, eXIA 160 and 160XL, Fenestra VC and LC) regarding their pharmacokinetics, toxicological side‐effects and the influence of anesthesia on the biodistribution, based on an injection volume of 100 μL/25 g body weight. The pharmacokinetics of the CAs were determined for up...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Julia G. Mannheim, Thomas Schlichthaerle, Laura Kuebler, Leticia Quintanilla‐Martinez, Ursula Kohlhofer, Manfred Kneilling, Bernd J. Pichler Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Syntheses and preliminary evaluation of [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐G‐TMTP1 for PET imaging of high aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma
The goal of this study is to evaluate a new 18F‐labeled imaging agent for diagnosing high metastatic (aggressive) hepatocellular carcinoma using positron emission tomography (PET). The new 18F‐labeled imaging agent [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐G‐TMTP1 was synthesized and radiolabeled with 18F using NOTA‐AlF chelation method. The tumor‐targeting characteristics of [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐G‐TMTP1 was assessed in HepG2, SMCC‐7721, HCC97L and HCCLM3 xenografts. The total synthesis time was about 20 min with radiochemical yield of 25 ± 6%. The specific activity was about 11.1–14.8 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis based...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Yesen Li, Deliang Zhang, Ying Shi, Zhide Guo, Xinying Wu, Jian‐Lin Ren, Xianzhong Zhang, Hua Wu Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

In vivo comparison of tantalum, tungsten, and bismuth enteric contrast agents to complement intravenous iodine for double‐contrast dual‐energy CT of the bowel
To assess the ability of dual‐energy CT (DECT) to separate intravenous contrast of bowel wall from intraluminal contrast, we scanned 16 rabbits on a clinical DECT scanner: n = 3 using only iodinated intravenous contrast, and n = 13 double‐contrast enhanced scans using iodinated intravenous contrast and experimental enteric non‐iodinated contrast agents in the bowel lumen (five bismuth, four tungsten, and four tantalum based). Representative image pairs from conventional CT images and DECT iodine density maps of small bowel (116 pairs from 232 images) were viewed by four abdominal imaging attending radiologist...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Samira Rathnayake, John Mongan, Andrew S. Torres, Robert Colborn, Dong‐Wei Gao, Benjamin M. Yeh, Yanjun Fu Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Cationic gadolinium chelate for magnetic resonance imaging of cartilaginous defects
The ability to detect meniscus defects by magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) can be highly variable. To improve the delineation of fine tears, we synthesized a cationic gadolinium complex, (Gd‐DOTA‐AM4)2+, that can electrostatically interact with Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The complex has a longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of 4.2 mM‐1s‐1 and is highly stable in serum. Its efficacy in highlighting soft tissue tears was evaluated in comparison to a clinically employed contrast agent (Magnevist) using explants obtained from adult bovine menisci. In all cases, Gd‐DOTA‐AM4 appeared to improve the ability to detect th...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kido Nwe, Ching‐Hui Huang, Feini Qu, Robert Warden‐Rothman, Clare Y. Zhang, Robert L. Mauck, Andrew Tsourkas Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

SIRB, sans iron oxide rhodamine B, a novel cross‐linked dextran nanoparticle, labels human neuroprogenitor and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and serves as a USPIO cell labeling control
This is the first report of the synthesis of a new nanoparticle, sans iron oxide rhodamine B (SIRB), an example of a new class of nanoparticles. SIRB is designed to provide all of the cell labeling properties of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle Molday ION Rhodamine B (MIRB) without containing the iron oxide core. MIRB was developed to label cells and allow them to be tracked by MRI or to be manipulated by magnetic gradients. SIRB possesses a similar size, charge and cross‐linked dextran coating as MIRB. Of great interest is understanding the biological and physiological changes in cells af...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 1, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Wei‐Bin Shen, Dennis E. Vaccaro, Paul S. Fishman, Ernest V. Groman, Paul Yarowsky Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Evaluation of EuII‐based positive contrast enhancement after intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections
EuII‐based contrast agents offer physiologically relevant, metal‐based redox sensing that is unachievable with GdIII‐based contrast agents. To evaluate the in vivo contrast enhancement of EuII as a function of injection type, we performed intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections in mice. Our data reveal a correlation between reported oxygen content and expected rates of diffusion with the persistence of EuII‐based contrast enhancement. Biodistribution studies revealed europium clearance through the liver and kidneys for intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, but no contrast enhancement was obs...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - December 31, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Levi A. Ekanger, Lisa A. Polin, Yimin Shen, E. Mark Haacke, Matthew J. Allen Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Specific targeting and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of an asthma biomarker in the lung using polyethylene glycol functionalized magnetic nanocarriers
In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were conjugated with anti‐IL4Rα blocking antibodies via polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. The delivery of these blocking antibodies to the inflammatory sites in the lung via the developed nanocarriers was assessed using noninvasive free‐breathing pulmonary MRI. Biocompatibility assays confirmed the safety of the developed nanocarriers for pre‐clinical investigations. For all the investigated formulations, nanocarriers were found to be very stable at neutral pH. However, the stability noticeably decreased with the PEG length in acidic environment and thus th...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - December 28, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Achraf Al Faraj, Asma Sultana Shaik, Sibtain Afzal, Saleh Al‐Muhsen, Rabih Halwani Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - December 4, 2015 Category: Radiology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

A single diamagnetic catalyCEST MRI contrast agent that detects cathepsin B enzyme activity by using a ratio of two CEST signals
CatalyCEST MRI can detect enzyme activity by monitoring the change in chemical exchange with water after a contrast agent is cleaved by an enzyme. Often these molecules use paramagnetic metals and are delivered with an additional non‐responsive reference molecule. To improve this approach for molecular imaging, a single diamagnetic agent with enzyme‐responsive and enzyme‐unresponsive CEST signals was synthesized and characterized. The CEST signal from the aryl amide disappeared after cleavage of a dipeptidyl ligand with cathepsin B, while a salicylic acid moiety was largely unresponsive to enzyme activity. The ratiom...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - December 3, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Dina V. Hingorani, Luis A. Montano, Edward A. Randtke, Yeon Sun Lee, Julio Cárdenas‐Rodríguez, Mark D. Pagel Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Early detection of colonic dysplasia by magnetic resonance molecular imaging with a contrast agent raised against the colon cancer marker MUC5AC
Human gastric mucin MUC5AC is secreted in the colonic mucus of cancer patients and is a specific marker of precancerous lesions called aberrant crypt foci. Using MUC5AC as a specific marker can improve sensitivity in the detection of early colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrated that the accumulation of MUC5AC in xenograft and mouse stomach can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIOs) conjugated with disulfide constrained heptapeptide that were identified using a screening phage display. To accomplish this, we employed positive selection of the phage display libra...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - November 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Yannick Rossez, Carmen Burtea, Sophie Laurent, Pierre Gosset, Renaud Léonard, Walter Gonzalez, Sébastien Ballet, Isabelle Raynal, Olivier Rousseaux, Timothée Dugué, Luce Vander Elst, Jean‐Claude Michalski, Robert N. Muller, Catherine Robbe‐Masselo Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

High signal intensity in dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1‐weighted MR images in three patients with impaired renal function and vascular calcification
In conclusion, the exposure to 0.27‐0.68 mmol/kg of linear gadolinium‐based contrast agent was associated with probable gadolinium accumulation in the brain of three patients suffering from impaired renal function and vascular calcification. © 2016 The Authors. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. We report on three patients with impaired renal function and vascular calcification (two with confirmed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis) whose unenhanced T1‐weighted MRIs showed conspicuous high signal intensity in the dentate nucleus and the globus pallidus after they had been ex...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - November 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Sebastiano Barbieri, Christophe Schroeder, Johannes M. Froehlich, Andreas Pasch, Harriet C. Thoeny Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Nano assembly and encapsulation; a versatile platform for slowing the rotation of polyanionic Gd3+‐based MRI contrast agents
In this report we demonstrate that other Gd3+ chelates bearing overall charges as low as 2‐ can also be used to prepare NACs. This discovery opens up the possibility of using Gd3+ chelates that have inner‐sphere water molecules that could further increase the relaxivity enhancement associated with the long τR that arises from encapsulation. However, encapsulation of the q = 1 chelate GdDTPA2‐ did not give rise to a significant increase in relaxivity relative to encapsulation of the outer‐sphere chelate GdTTHA3‐. This leads us to the conclusion that in the NAC interior proton transport is not mediated by move...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - November 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Annah Farashishiko, Kelly N. Chacón, Ninian J. Blackburn, Mark Woods Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

A method for accurate pH mapping with chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI holds enormous promise for imaging pH. Whereas the routine CEST‐weighted MRI contrast is complex and susceptible to confounding factors such as labile proton ratio, chemical shift, bulk water relaxation and RF saturation, ratiometric CEST imaging simplifies pH determination. However, the conventional ratiometric CEST (RCEST) MRI approach is limited to CEST agents with multiple exchangeable groups. To address this limitation, RF power‐based ratiometric CEST (PRCEST) imaging has been proposed that ratios CEST effects obtained under different RF power levels. Nevertheless, ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - November 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Phillip Zhe Sun, Gang Xiao, Iris Yuwen Zhou, Yingkun Guo, Renhua Wu Tags: Full paper Source Type: research