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Multi‐modal magnetic resonance imaging and histology of vascular function in xenografts using macromolecular contrast agent hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG‐GdF)
This study is the first to relate low and high molecular weight contrast agents with matched whole‐tumor histological sections. These detailed comparisons identified tumor regions that appear distinct from each other using the HPG‐GdF biomarkers related to perfusion and vessel leakiness, while Gadovist‐imaged parameter measures in the same regions were unable to detect variation in vascular function. We have established HPG‐GdF as a biocompatible multi‐modal high molecular weight contrast agent with application for examining vascular function in both MR and histological modalities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &a...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - July 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Jennifer H. E. Baker, Kelly C. McPhee, Firas Moosvi, Katayoun Saatchi, Urs O. Häfeli, Andrew I. Minchinton, Stefan A. Reinsberg Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Connexin 43‐targeted T1 contrast agent for MRI diagnosis of glioma
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive form of brain tumor. Early and accurate diagnosis of glioma and its borders is an important step for its successful treatment. One of the promising targets for selective visualization of glioma and its margins is connexin 43 (Cx43), which is highly expressed in reactive astrocytes and migrating glioma cells. The purpose of this study was to synthesize a Gd‐based contrast agent conjugated with specific antibodies to Cx43 for efficient visualization of glioma C6 in vivo. We have prepared stable nontoxic conjugates of monoclonal antibody to Cx43 and polylysine–DTPA ligands co...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - July 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Tatiana Abakumova, Maxim Abakumov, Sergey Shein, Pavel Chelushkin, Dmitry Bychkov, Vladimir Mukhin, Gaukhar Yusubalieva, Nadezhda Grinenko, Alexander Kabanov, Natalia Nukolova, Vladimir Chekhonin Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - June 15, 2015 Category: Radiology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

PET of EGFR with 64Cu‐cetuximab‐F(ab′)2 in mice with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is linked to an adverse outcome in various solid tumors. Cetuximab is an EGFR inhibitor, which in combination with radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival in a subgroup of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim of this study was to develop and characterize an EGFR‐directed PET tracer, 64Cu‐cetuximab‐F(ab′)2, to determine the systemic accessibility of EGFR. Mice with HNSCC xenografts, UT‐SCC‐8 (n = 6) or UT‐SCC‐45 (n = 6), were imaged 24 h post injection with 64Cu‐NODAGA‐cetuximab‐F(a...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Laura K. Dijk, Cheng‐Bin Yim, Gerben M. Franssen, Johannes H. A. M. Kaanders, Johan Rajander, Olof Solin, Tove J. Grönroos, Otto C. Boerman, Johan Bussink Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for direct labeling of stem cells and in vivo MRI tracking
To develop effective stem cell therapies, it is important to track therapeutic cells non‐invasively and monitor homing to areas of pathology. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the labeling efficiency of commercially available dextran‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, FeraTrack Direct (FTD), in various stem and immune cells; assess the cytotoxicity and tolerability of the FTD in stem cells; and monitor stem cell homing using FTD‐labeled bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) in a tumor model by in vivo MRI. BMSCs, NSCs, hematopoieti...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Saejeong J. Kim, Bobbi Lewis, Mark‐ Steven Steiner, Ursula V. Bissa, Christian Dose, Joseph A. Frank Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

A neutral polydisulfide containing Gd(III) DOTA monoamide as a redox‐sensitive biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent
This work aims to develop safe and effective gadolinium (III)‐based biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents for blood pool and cancer imaging. A neutral polydisulfide containing macrocyclic Gd‐DOTA monoamide (GOLS) was synthesized and characterized. In addition to studying the in vitro degradation of GOLS, its kinetic stability was also investigated in an in vivo model. The efficacy of GOLS for contrast‐enhanced MRI was examined with female BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer xenografts. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and metabolism of GOLS were also determined in mice. GOLS has an apparent molecul...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Zhen Ye, Zhuxian Zhou, Nadia Ayat, Xueming Wu, Erlei Jin, Xiaoyue Shi, Zheng‐Rong Lu Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Visualization of delayed release of compounds from pH‐sensitive capsules in vitro and in vivo in a hamster model
In conclusion, we propose combined 19 F‐MRI and CT to non‐invasively visualize the different temporal and spatial events regarding the release of compounds, both in an in vitro setting and in the gastrointestinal tract of small animal models. This multimodal imaging approach will enable the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of further technical improvements to controlled release strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Combined imaging allows non‐invasive visualization of the delivery and release of compounds to the intestinal tract. We have monitored the integrity of pH‐sensitive polymer capsules...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Dominiek Staelens, Sayuan Liang, Bernard Appeltans, Marlies Van de Wouwer, Guy Van den Mooter, Gert Van Assche, Uwe Himmelreich, Greetje Vande Velde Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Concentration‐independent MRI of pH with a dendrimer‐based pH‐responsive nanoprobe
The measurement of extracellular pH (pHe) has significant clinical value for pathological diagnoses and for monitoring the effects of pH‐altering therapies. One of the major problems of measuring pHe with a relaxation‐based MRI contrast agent is that the longitudinal relaxivity depends on both pH and the concentration of the agent, requiring the use of a second pH‐unresponsive agent to measure the concentration. Here we tested the feasibility of measuring pH with a relaxation‐based dendritic MRI contrast agent in a concentration‐independent manner at clinically relevant field strengths. The transverse and longitu...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Mohammed P. I. Bhuiyan, Madhava P. Aryal, Branislava Janic, Kishor Karki, Nadimpalli R. S. Varma, James R. Ewing, Ali S. Arbab, Meser M. Ali Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

In vitro study of endogenous CEST agents at 3 T and 7 T
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has been an intensive research area in MRI, providing contrast mechanisms for the amplified detection and monitoring of biomarkers and physiologically active molecules. In biological tissues and organs, many endogenous CEST agents coexist, and their CEST effects may overlap. The interpretation of such overlapped CEST effects can be addressed when the individual CEST effects originating from various metabolites are characterized. In this work, we present the in vitro measurements of the CEST effects from endogenous CEST agents that are commonly found in biological tissues and org...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Jae‐Seung Lee, Ding Xia, Alexej Jerschow, Ravinder R. Regatte Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

[68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐nitroimidazole: a promising agent for PET detection of tumor hypoxia
The goal of this study is to evaluate a new 68Ga‐based imaging agent for detecting tumor hypoxia using positron emission tomography (PET). The new hypoxia targeting agent reported here, [68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐nitroimidazole ([68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI), was constructed by linking a nitroimidazole moiety with the macrocyclic ligand component of ProHance®, HP‐DO3A. The hypoxia targeting capability of this agent was evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and in SCID mice bearing subcutaneous A549 tumor xenografts. The cellular uptake assays showed that significantly more [68Ga]‐HP‐DO3A‐NI accumulates in hypoxic tu...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Yunkou Wu, Guiyang Hao, Saleh Ramezani, Debabrata Saha, Dawen Zhao, Xiankai Sun, A. Dean Sherry Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

A comparison of iopromide and iopamidol, two acidoCEST MRI contrast media that measure tumor extracellular pH
This study compared the performance of iopromide and iopamidol for measuring the extracellular pH (pHe) of tumor models using acidoCEST MRI. Iopamidol produced more precise pH measurements, while iopromide produced a CEST ratio–concentration calibration with greater dynamic range. The agents showed different distributions throughout the tumor area in the two tumor models, suggesting that optimization of acidoCEST MRI should test each agent for each specific tumor model to be studied. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - May 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Brianna F. Moon, Kyle M. Jones, Liu Qi Chen, Peilu Liu, Edward A. Randtke, Christine M. Howison, Mark D. Pagel Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Development of a peptide‐functionalized imaging nanoprobe for the targeting of (FXYD2)γa as a highly specific biomarker of pancreatic beta cells
Diabetes is characterized by a progressive decline of the pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM), which is responsible for insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycaemia. There are currently no reliable methods to measure non‐invasively the BCM in diabetic patients. Our work describes a phage display‐derived peptide (P88) that is highly specific to (FXYD2)γa expressed by human beta cells and is proposed as a molecular vector for the development of functionalized imaging probes. P88 does not bind to the exocrine pancreas and is able to detect down to ~156 human pancreatic islets/mm3 in vitro after conjugation to ultra‐sm...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 30, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Carmen Burtea, Sophie Laurent, Deborah Crombez, Sébastien Delcambre, Corine Sermeus, Isabelle Millard, Sandrine Rorive, Daisy Flamez, Marie‐Claire Beckers, Isabelle Salmon, Luce Vander Elst, Decio L. Eizirik, Robert N. Muller Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Bioresponsive probes for molecular imaging: concepts and in vivo applications
Molecular imaging is a powerful tool to visualize and characterize biological processes at the cellular and molecular level in vivo. In most molecular imaging approaches, probes are used to bind to disease‐specific biomarkers highlighting disease target sites. In recent years, a new subset of molecular imaging probes, known as bioresponsive molecular probes, has been developed. These probes generally benefit from signal enhancement at the site of interaction with its target. There are mainly two classes of bioresponsive imaging probes. The first class consists of probes that show direct activation of the imaging label (f...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 15, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Sander M. J. Duijnhoven, Marc S. Robillard, Sander Langereis, Holger Grüll Tags: Review Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - April 14, 2015 Category: Radiology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

The effect of MRI contrast agents on hepatic and splenic uptake in the rabbit during 99mTc‐MDP bone scintigraphy
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Omniscan® and Magnevist® on 99mTc‐MDP uptake in rabbits during 99mTc‐MDP bone scintigraphy. In Experiment Group 1, 30 healthy adult rabbits were randomized into six subgroups (n = 5); each subgroup experienced a different time interval between injections (30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, 360 min, 24 h). All six subgroups were injected first with Omniscan®, then with 99mTc‐MDP. After 7 days, the same six subgroups were injected with normal saline followed by 99mTc‐MDP at the same time intervals. In Experiment Group 2, 20 healthy adult ra...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 1, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Lin Qiu, Yuhui Tang, Yue Chen, Zhanwen Huang, Yan Zhu, Li Zhang, Liang Cai, Qiang Wan, Yue Feng Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research