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Evaluation of EuII ‐based positive contrast enhancement after intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections
EuII‐based contrast agents offer physiologically relevant, metal‐based redox sensing that is unachievable with GdIII‐based contrast agents. To evaluate the in vivo contrast enhancement of EuII as a function of injection type, we performed intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections in mice. Our data reveal a correlation between reported oxygen content and expected rates of diffusion with the persistence of EuII‐based contrast enhancement. Biodistribution studies revealed europium clearance through the liver and kidneys for intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, but no contrast enhancement was obs...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - March 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Levi A. Ekanger, Lisa A. Polin, Yimin Shen, E. Mark Haacke, Matthew J. Allen Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Syntheses and preliminary evaluation of [18F]AlF ‐NOTA‐G‐TMTP1 for PET imaging of high aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma
The goal of this study is to evaluate a new 18F‐labeled imaging agent for diagnosing high metastatic (aggressive) hepatocellular carcinoma using positron emission tomography (PET). The new 18F‐labeled imaging agent [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐G‐TMTP1 was synthesized and radiolabeled with 18F using NOTA‐AlF chelation method. The tumor‐targeting characteristics of [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐G‐TMTP1 was assessed in HepG2, SMCC‐7721, HCC97L and HCCLM3 xenografts. The total synthesis time was about 20 min with radiochemical yield of 25 ± 6%. The specific activity was about 11.1–14.8 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis based...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Yesen Li, Deliang Zhang, Ying Shi, Zhide Guo, Xinying Wu, Jian ‐Lin Ren, Xianzhong Zhang, Hua Wu Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Increased transverse relaxivity in ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used as MRI contrast agent for biomedical imaging
Synthesis of a contrast agent for biomedical imaging is of great interest where magnetic nanoparticles are concerned, because of the strong influence of particle size on transverse relaxivity. In the present study, biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co‐precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts, followed by surface adsorption with reduced dextran. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape, and 12 ± 2 nm in size as measured using transmission electron microscopy; this was corroborated with results from X‐ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering studies. The nanoparticles...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sushanta Kumar Mishra, B. S. Hemanth Kumar, Subash Khushu, Rajendra P. Tripathi, Gurudutta Gangenahalli Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

In vivo quantification of ultrasound targeted microbubbles to enhance cancer assessment
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound with targeted microbubble contrast agents is an emerging technique for imaging biological processes at the molecular level. The accumulation of targeted microbubbles at tissue sites overexpressing specific molecular markers increases the backscattered signal for noninvasive evaluations of diseases. The aim of this preliminary study was to combine molecular imaging with an in vivo contrast agent quantification to support the early diagnosis of the pathology and to enhance the assessment of neoplastic tissues. Tumor growth was induced by subcutaneous injection of prostate cancer cells in four r...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Claudia Sciallero, Emanuele Daglio, Andrea Trucco Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Sortase A‐mediated site‐specific labeling of camelid single‐domain antibody‐fragments: a versatile strategy for multiple molecular imaging modalities
A generic site‐specific conjugation method that generates a homogeneous product is of utmost importance in tracer development for molecular imaging and therapy. We explored the protein‐ligation capacity of the enzyme Sortase A to label camelid single‐domain antibody‐fragments, also known as nanobodies. The versatility of the approach was demonstrated by conjugating independently three different imaging probes: the chelating agents CHX‐A"‐DTPA and NOTA for single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with indium‐111 and positron emission tomography (PET) with gallium‐68, respectively, and the fluores...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sam Massa, Niravkumar Vikani, Cecilia Betti, Steven Ballet, Saskia Vanderhaegen, Jan Steyaert, Benedicte Descamps, Christian Vanhove, Anton Bunschoten, Fijs W. B. Leeuwen, Sophie Hernot, Vicky Caveliers, Tony Lahoutte, Serge Muyldermans, Catarina Xavier, Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Contrast agent comparison for three‐dimensional micro‐CT angiography: A cadaveric study
In this study, the lower limb vessels of 16 embalmed Wistar rats, and four sets of cannulae of known diameter, were injected with one of three different contrast agents (barium sulfate and resin, barium sulfate and gelatin, and lead oxide combined with milk powder). All were then scanned using micro‐computed tomography (CT) angiography and 3‐D reconstructions generated. The number of branching generations of the rat lower limb vessels were counted and compared between the contrast agents using ANOVA. The diameter of the contrast‐filled cannulae, were measured and used to calculate the accuracy of the measurements by ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Mitchell J. Kingston, Diana M. Perriman, Teresa Neeman, Paul N. Smith, Alexandra L. Webb Tags: Personal communication Source Type: research

HyperCEST detection of cucurbit[6]uril in whole blood using an ultrashort saturation Pre‐pulse train
Xenon based biosensors have the potential to detect and localize biomarkers associated with a wide variety of diseases. The development and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of cage molecules which encapsulate hyperpolarized xenon is imperative for the development of these xenon biosensors. We acquired 129Xe NMR spectra, and magnetic resonance images and a HyperCEST saturation map of cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) in whole bovine blood. We observed a mean HyperCEST depletion of 84% (n = 5) at a concentration of 5 mM and 74% at 2.5 mM. Additionally, we collected these data using a pulsed HyperCEST saturation ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Francis T. Hane, Peter S. Smylie, Tao Li, Julia Ruberto, Krista Dowhos, Iain Ball, Boguslaw Tomanek, Brenton DeBoef, Mitchell S. Albert Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

How transfer rates generate Gd‐BOPTA concentrations in rat liver compartments: implications for clinical liver imaging with hepatobiliary contrast agents
Following the injection of hepatobiliary contrast agents, MRI detects all molecules included in a region of interest but cannot estimate true concentrations in sinusoids, interstitium, hepatocytes or bile canaliculi. The aim of the study was to measure true concentrations in hepatocytes and to show how transfer rates across sinusoidal and canalicular membranes generate these concentrations. We perfused livers isolated from normal rats with 200 μM Gd‐DTPA and Gd‐BOPTA and measured clearances from sinusoids to liver and from hepatocytes to bile canaliculi or back to interstitium. We detected Gd‐BOPTA with a gamma pr...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Catherine M. Pastor Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Evaluating the effectiveness of transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1) as a magnetic resonance reporter gene
In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the iron importer transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1) as an MR reporter gene in the model cell line CHO‐K1. Overexpression of the TfR1 transgene led to a reduction in the levels of endogenous TfR1 mRNA, but to a 60‐fold increase in total TfR1 protein levels. Although the mRNA levels of ferritin heavy chain‐1 (Fth1) did not change, Fth1 protein levels increased 13‐fold. The concentration of intracellular iron increased significantly, even when cells were cultured in medium that was not supplemented with iron and the amount of iron in the extracellular environment was thus ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sofia M. Pereira, Anne Herrmann, Diana Moss, Harish Poptani, Steve R. Williams, Patricia Murray, Arthur Taylor Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Evaluating the effectiveness of transferrin receptor ‐1 (TfR1) as a magnetic resonance reporter gene
In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the iron importer transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1) as an MR reporter gene in the model cell line CHO‐K1. Overexpression of the TfR1 transgene led to a reduction in the levels of endogenous TfR1 mRNA, but to a 60‐fold increase in total TfR1 protein levels. Although the mRNA levels of ferritin heavy chain‐1 (Fth1) did not change, Fth1 protein levels increased 13‐fold. The concentration of intracellular iron increased significantly, even when cells were cultured in medium that was not supplemented with iron and the amount of iron in the extracellular environment was thus ...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - February 28, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sofia M. Pereira, Anne Herrmann, Diana Moss, Harish Poptani, Steve R. Williams, Patricia Murray, Arthur Taylor Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging)
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 26, 2016 Category: Radiology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

SIRB, sans iron oxide rhodamine B, a novel cross ‐linked dextran nanoparticle, labels human neuroprogenitor and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and serves as a USPIO cell labeling control
This is the first report of the synthesis of a new nanoparticle, sans iron oxide rhodamine B (SIRB), an example of a new class of nanoparticles. SIRB is designed to provide all of the cell labeling properties of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle Molday ION Rhodamine B (MIRB) without containing the iron oxide core. MIRB was developed to label cells and allow them to be tracked by MRI or to be manipulated by magnetic gradients. SIRB possesses a similar size, charge and cross‐linked dextran coating as MIRB. Of great interest is understanding the biological and physiological changes in cells af...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 24, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Wei ‐Bin Shen, Dennis E. Vaccaro, Paul S. Fishman, Ernest V. Groman, Paul Yarowsky Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

MRI monitoring of nanocarrier accumulation and release using Gadolinium‐SPIO co‐labelled thermosensitive liposomes
Encapsulation of anticancer drugs in triggerable nanocarriers can beneficially modify pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of chemotherapeutic drugs, and consequently increase tumor drug concentration and efficacy, while reducing side effects. Thermosensitive liposomes release their contents triggered by hyperthermia, which can be, for example, precisely delivered using an MR Imaging‐guided focused ultrasound procedure. In such a scenario, it is attractive to demonstrate the accumulation of liposomes before applying hyperthermia, as well as to document the release of liposome content using MRI. To address this need, ther...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 11, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Cyril Lorenzato, Chris Oerlemans, Merel Elk, Willie J. C. Geerts, Baudouin Denis de Senneville, Chrit Moonen, Clemens Bos Tags: Full paper Source Type: research

High signal intensity in dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1 ‐weighted MR images in three patients with impaired renal function and vascular calcification
In conclusion, the exposure to 0.27‐0.68 mmol/kg of linear gadolinium‐based contrast agent was associated with probable gadolinium accumulation in the brain of three patients suffering from impaired renal function and vascular calcification. © 2016 The Authors. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. We report on three patients with impaired renal function and vascular calcification (two with confirmed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis) whose unenhanced T1‐weighted MRIs showed conspicuous high signal intensity in the dentate nucleus and the globus pallidus after they had been ex...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 10, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Sebastiano Barbieri, Christophe Schroeder, Johannes M. Froehlich, Andreas Pasch, Harriet C. Thoeny Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

MRI monitoring of nanocarrier accumulation and release using Gadolinium ‐SPIO co‐labelled thermosensitive liposomes
Encapsulation of anticancer drugs in triggerable nanocarriers can beneficially modify pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of chemotherapeutic drugs, and consequently increase tumor drug concentration and efficacy, while reducing side effects. Thermosensitive liposomes release their contents triggered by hyperthermia, which can be, for example, precisely delivered using an MR Imaging‐guided focused ultrasound procedure. In such a scenario, it is attractive to demonstrate the accumulation of liposomes before applying hyperthermia, as well as to document the release of liposome content using MRI. To address this need, ther...
Source: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging - January 10, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Cyril Lorenzato, Chris Oerlemans, Merel Elk, Willie J. C. Geerts, Baudouin Denis de Senneville, Chrit Moonen, Clemens Bos Tags: Full paper Source Type: research