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Fractionated Gamma Knife surgery for giant pituitary adenomas
Treatment of giant pituitary adenomas or maroadenomas is challenging, especially for those with infiltration of the adjacent sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus, and diaphragm sellae, or that compress the optic nerve. Most of neurosurgeons choose resection primarily [2,3,9 –11]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 18, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kai Zhao, Xiaomin Liu, Dong Liu, Yanhe Li, Zhiyuan Zhang, Yiguang Lin, Yipei Zhang, Desheng Xu Source Type: research

Diagnostic Values of ProSet Magnetic Resonance Coronal Source Imaging for Detecting Symptomatic Lesion in Multiple Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Lumbar foraminal stenosis is an important pathologic entity to be recognized in patients with radiculopathy. The incidence is about 8-11%, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a popular technique for evaluating symptomatic lesions in patients with foraminal stenosis [1 –3]. Although MR imaging is widely used and considered a useful tool for studying morphological abnormalities and changes, it has limitations in diagnosing symptomatic lesions [4]. MR imaging results suggest higher incidences of asymptomatic foraminal stenosis, which are not correlated with patien ts’ symptoms, even when the lesions seems to be advance...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 18, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: So Hee Park, Ikchan Jeon, Sang Woo Kim Source Type: research

Clinical outcome and intraoperative neurophysiology for focal limb dystonic tremor without generalized dystonia treated with Deep Brain Stimulation
Dystonic tremor (DT) is defined as a postural/kinetic tremor occurring in the body region affected by dystonia. DT is typically characterized by focal tremors with irregular amplitudes and variable frequencies typically below 7  Hz. Pharmacological treatment is generally unsuccessful and guidelines for deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting and indications are scarce. In this article, we present the outcome and neurophysiologic data of two patients with refractory, focal limb DT treated with Globus Pallidus interna (Gpi) DBS and critically review the current literature regarding surgical treatment of DT discussing stereo...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 16, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Brian Kaszuba, Lucy Gee, Julia Prusik, Eric Molho, Meghan Wilock, Damian Shin, Julie G. Pilitsis Source Type: research

Prion diseases: New considerations
Human prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are a group of rare, invariably fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect mammalian species [1]. With the present review, we intended to address several aspects of the human prion diseases. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 16, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ádám Annus, Anett Csáti, László Vécsei Source Type: research

Intervention for A randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA) — Eligible patients: An evidence-based review
Although intervention is typically indicated for ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), its role in the management of unruptured AVMs remains unclear [1]. The therapeutic options for patients harboring AVMs include surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, embolization, or any combination of the aforementioned modalities. The decision to pursue intervention is based on many patient and AVM characteristics. Various criteria, including patient age, lesion size and location, and prior history of intracerebral hemorrhage are amongst many relevant attributes [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 14, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Christopher S. Hong, Eric C. Peterson, Dale Ding, Samir Sur, David Hasan, Aaron S. Dumont, Nohra Chalouhi, Pascal Jabbour, Robert M. Starke Source Type: research

Intervention for A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) − Eligible Patients: An Evidence-Based Review
Although intervention is typically indicated for ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), its role in the management of unruptured AVMs remains unclear [1]. The therapeutic options for patients harboring AVMs include surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, embolization, or any combination of the aforementioned modalities. The decision to pursue intervention is based on many patient and AVM characteristics. Various criteria, including patient age, lesion size and location, and prior history of intracerebral hemorrhage are amongst many relevant attributes [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 14, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Christopher S. Hong, Eric C. Peterson, Dale Ding, Samir Sur, David Hasan, Aaron S. Dumont, Nohra Chalouhi, Pascal Jabbour, Robert M. Starke Source Type: research

Discrepancy between structural and functional visual recovery in patients after trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is one of the most common brain tumor types, accounting for 15% of all intracranial neoplasms [1]. Visual disturbances are noted when the tumor grows beyond the sellae and compresses the optic chiasm. Recovery has been attributed to resolution of compression, redistribution of ion channels along the demyelinated membrane, and subsequent remyelination [2,3]. Neural plasticity has also been suggested to be involved in the recovery of these visual disturbances. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 5, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Nidan Qiao, Zhao Ye, Xuefei Shou, Yongfei Wang, Shiqi Li, Min Wang, Yao Zhao Source Type: research

Percutaneous radiofrequency facet capsule denervation as an alternative target in lumbar facet syndrome
Lumbar zygapophyseal (intervertebral facet) joints have been implicated as the source of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in approximately 45% of cases [1,3,14,22]. Each facet joint is innervated by the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of the nerve root (nerve of Luschka) at the same level and the level above [5,24]. Blocking facet joint innervation via injecting long acting local anesthetic with or without a long acting steroid has been widely used to verify the facet joint as the offending source of CLBP. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 4, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wael Mohamed Mohamed Moussa, Wael Khedr Source Type: research

Clinical markers of neurodegeneration in Chinese patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a disease featuring a loss of atonia during the stage of rapid eye movement sleep. RBD is closely connected with Parkinson ’s disease (PD). Many studies have found that a portion of patients with RBD (idiopathic RBD) eventually progressed to PD after years of follow-up [1–3]. RBD could also be an accompanying symptom of PD. Postuma et al. [4] reported that mild PD-like functional impairment occurred in idiopathic RB D. However, it was unknown whether similar clinical features would occur in Chinese patients with idiopathic RBD. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ying Wan, Yi Luo, Jing Gan, Rongguo Hu, Mingzhu Zhou, Zhenguo Liu Source Type: research

Concomitant multiple sclerosis and another autoimmune disease: Does the clinical course change?
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the nervous system that may cause various signs and symptoms by autoimmune involvement of the brain and spinal cord [1]. The disease has both inflammatory and neurodegenerative nature which complicates understanding its etiology and pathophysiology [2]. Myelin destruction, inflammation and axonal loss are prominent pathological hallmark of the disease [3]. BothCD4+ and CD8+ T-cells as well as B-lymphocytes are involved in this inflammatory process and mediate tissue injury to the central nervous system [4,5]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Mahsa Owji, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi Source Type: research

Recombinant human erythropoietin improves functional recovery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial
Severe traumatic brain injuries including primary brain stem injury are severe forms of craniocerebral injury that are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality [7,10,16]. The management of severe traumatic brain injuries, in particular brain stem injuries, continues to be a challenge, as pharmacological or surgical measures are unlikely reverse the primary brain damage caused by the traumatic event. The key to clinical treatment is early and effective protection of nerve tissues to avoid secondary ischemia and hypoxia injury, in order to facilitate the recovery of nerve cells. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 1, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Zhong-min Li, Yi-lei Xia, Jian-xin Zhu, Feng-yang Geng, Chuan-jun Guo, Zong-lei Chong, Le-xin Wang Source Type: research

Assessment of systemic cellular inflammatory response after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents a major devastating event despite maximal therapeutic efforts. It accounts for 15% of all strokes with mortality rates reaching as high as 30% [1]. Several potential treatment options failed to reduce mortality or to improve the outcome in patients with ICH. Trials on drug treatment as well as on surgical approaches have failed to demonstrate a benefit towards any of those options [2,3]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - August 30, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: J.H. Tapia-P érez, D. Karagianis, R. Zilke, V. Koufuglou, I. Bondar, T. Schneider Source Type: research

Hearing impairment in m.3243A > G carriers requires comprehensive work- and follow-up
With interest we read the article by Vandana et al. about neuro-otological investigations in 8 patients with hearing impairment carrying the mutation m.3243A>G [1]. We have the following comments and concerns. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - August 30, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Josef Finsterer, Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Patterns and Predictors of Freezing of Gait Improvement Following Rasagiline Therapy: A Pilot Study
In Parkinson ’s disease (PD), health related quality of life is impacted negatively by progressive gait disturbances [1]. Gait impairments in PD lead to increased falls and reduced community mobility [2,3]. One of the more disabling gait impairments associated with PD is freezing of gait (FoG). FoG is characte rized by the sudden inability to voluntarily initiate stepping movements [4]. While FoG is more commonly associated with advanced stages of the disease, it can occur at any stage and can present substantial challenges in the clinical management of gait impairment in PD. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - August 29, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Fariborz Rahimi, Angela C. Roberts, Mandar Jog Source Type: research

Reply to Letter to the Editor: Hearing impairment in m.3243A > G carriers requires comprehensive work- and follow-up
We appreciate the interest shown by Drs Josef Finsterer and Sindazarrouk-Mahjoub and their comments [1] on our research article ‘Audiological manifestations in Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome’ [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - August 29, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: V.P. Vandana, Parayil Sankaran Bindu, Kothari Sonam, Periyasamy Govindaraj, Shwetha Chiplunkar, Narayanappa Gayathri, Chikkanna Govindraj, H.R. Arvinda, Sanjib Sinha, Madhu Nagappa, K. Thangaraj, Arun B. Taly Source Type: research