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IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation are associated with the pseudoprogression and improved prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme patients who have undergone concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which accounts for approximately 54% of all gliomas, is one the most fatal diseases with a limited survival time. Only one-third of GBM patients survive for one year and less than 5% of GBM patients live more than five years [1]. Concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemoradiotherapy, followed by six months of TMZ maintenance therapy is the current standard strategy for the treatment of GBM patients up to 70 years of age [2,3]. However, it has been recently reported that GBM patients who have undergone concurrent and adjuvant TMZ-based chemoradiotherapy have a high likelihood of d...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - October 12, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Hailong Li, Jiye Li, Gang Cheng, Jianning Zhang, Xuezhen Li Source Type: research

Gamma knife radiosurgery for brainstem cavernous malformations
Cavernous malformations (CMs) are benign vascular malformations, accounting for 5% –10% of all intracranial vascular angiomas [1–3]. Approximately 20% of intracranial cavernous malformations occur in the brainstem [4]. The annual hemorrhagic rate of brainstem CMs has been estimated at 0.1%–2.5% per lesion per year and 0.25%–16.5% per patient per year, but this rate obvious ly increases (up to 34% the annual risk) in patients with prior hemorrhagic events [4,5]. For brainstem CMs, the goal of any treatment method is to control rebleeding and avoid complications from recurrence. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - October 8, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Hong Bin Liu, Yi Wang, Sen Yang, Fei Long Gong, Yang Yang Xu, Wei Wang Source Type: research

Optimal Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common form of intracranial hemorrhage, and recurrences and complications are well-documented in affected patients. No consensus has been reached regarding whether antithrombotic therapy is a predictive factor associated with postoperative complications and recurrence in patients with CSDH [1 –14]. This may be a result of different antithrombotic agent management regimens such as alternative courses of continuation or termination and different timing of cessation and resumption of antithrombotic agents. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - October 6, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Toshiyuki Amano, Kenta Takahara, Naoki Maehara, Takafumi Shimogawa, Nobutaka Mukae, Tetsuro Sayama, Shoji Arihiro, Shuji Arakawa, Takato Morioka, Sei Haga Source Type: research

Tibialis anterior muscle herniation with superficial peroneal nerve involvement: Ultrasound role for diagnosis and treatment
Muscle herniation is defined as a portion of muscle through acquired or congenital fascial layer defects [1]. Tibialis anterior muscle herniation is the most common, because its fascia is the most vulnerable to trauma. Herniations of peroneus longus, brevis and gastrocnemius muscles have also been described. Even upper limbs can be involved, but less frequently. Although this condition is especially an esthetic problem, with palpable subcutaneous soft tissue mass, it can lead to spontaneous pain, cramp or local tenderness [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - October 5, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ilaria Paolasso, Chiara Cambise, Daniele Coraci, Filippo M. Del Tedesco, Carmen Erra, Eduardo Fernandez, Prof. Luca Padua Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson ’s disease: A 30-month follow-up study
Parkinson ’s disease (PD) was once considered a disorder of movement solely, but evidence now indicates that cognitive impairment very common and a progressive feature of PD [1]. Whether mild or constituting dementia, cognitive impairment in PD significantly affects patients’ survival and quality of life [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - October 3, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ling Chen, Cuiyu Yu, Ning Zhang, Weiguo Liu Source Type: research

Neck Range of Motion Following Cervical Spinal Fusion: A Comparison of Patient-Centered and Objective Assessments
Traditionally, success following surgical intervention has been defined by objective outcome measures, frequently assessed by clinicians. The current era of patient centered care has ushered in new, and often more appropriate, definitions of success. These patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments rely upon patients ’ own subjective perceptions of their outcome are now prominent in the field of spinal surgery. Herein, many surgical interventions are undertaken on an elective basis, largely with a goal of enhancing quality of life and there has been greater emphasis on measurement on success following surgery as perceive...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Manish K. Kasliwal, Christopher D. Witiw, Vincent C. Traynelis Source Type: research

Repeat surgery for recurrent low-grade gliomas should be standard of care
Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are a heterogeneous set of primary brain tumors that are diffuse and slow growing, and are composed of the following broad categories: diffuse astrocytoma, (IDH mutant), diffuse astrocytoma (IDH wild-type), diffuse astrocytoma (NOS), oligodendroglioma (IDH mutant and 1p/19q codeleted), oligodendroglioma (NOS), and oligoastrocytoma (NOS).[1] Approximately 2,000 to 3,000 cases of LGG are diagnosed annually in the US, with peak incidence between 35-44 years of age. While expectant management was previously the norm, current practice favors active intervention, including clinical consideration of surger...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 29, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Tyler J. Uppstrom, Ranjodh Singh, Georgios F. Hadjigeorgiou, Rajiv Magge, Rohan Ramakrishna Source Type: research

Central skull base osteomyelitis involving cavernous sinus and meninges of the skull base: Successful treatment with antibiotic and antifungal combination therapy
Central skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) is a rare and life-threatening infection [1]. Because the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CSBO resembles central skull base neoplasm, and diagnosis is often difficult [1 –3], long-term systemic antimicrobial therapy has replaced surgical drainage as the first-line therapy for CSBO [3]. Here, we report a CSBO patient successfully treated with long-term ciprofloxacin and voriconazole without surgical intervention. Signal changes in the skull base bone marrow were ob served on diffusion-weighted images (DWI) during the course of illness. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 28, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Tatsuya Ueno, Haruo Nishijima, Rie Haga, Masahiko Tomiyama Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in a genetically negative tuberous sclerosis complex adult: Case report
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (SEGA) is classically recognized in the setting of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). It has been described in children and adults, more commonly in the 1st and 2nd decades of life, with or rarely, without identifiable clinical presentations of tuberous sclerosis [1 –3]. Patients can also present with cortical tubers and subependymal nodules. These are most commonly supratentorial, and vary in size and number [4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 23, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Sanjay Konakondla, Mayur Jayarao, Jami Skrade, Caterina Giannini, Michael J. Workman, Chad J. Morgan Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Octreotide: The IIH therapy beyond weight loss, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, lumbar punctures and CSF shunting
Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) may be primary or secondary. Secondary PTCS arises from an identifiable cause like cerebral venous abnormalities, various medications and exposures, as well as medical conditions like endocrine disorders (Addison disease, hypoparathyroidism), hypercapnia (sleep apnea, Pickwickian syndrome), anemia, renal failure, Turner syndrome and Down syndrome [1]. Primary PTCS is also called idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), formerly also pseudotumor cerebri. IIH is a condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure without a space-occupying cerebral lesion, venous sinus thrombosis...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 23, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Patrick M. House, Stefan R.G. Stodieck Source Type: research

Use of Intraoperative CT to Predict the Accuracy of Microelectrode Recording During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery. A Proof of Concept Study
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for movement disorders such as Parkinson ’s disease, essential tremor and dystonia [1–4]. Treatment of psychiatric conditions including depression and obsessive compulsive disorder is also gaining momentum as new stimulation-responsive targets are being defined [5,6]. In many centers, microelectrode recording (MER) remains the mainstay of target localization and optimization during DBS surgery [7–9]. Often one or several recording tracks are used to obtain an electrophysiological map of the target before lead insertion. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 22, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ryan B. Kochanski, Mena G. Kerolus, Gian Pal, Leo Verhagen Metman, Sepehr Sani Source Type: research

Multiple sclerosis in Brazil: a systematic review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that affects young adults, causing inflammation of the white and gray matter of the central nervous system (CNS) by means of an autoimmune reaction triggered by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Although MS is considered polygenic disease [1], the human leukocyte antigen class II genes, the DR2 haplotype alleles in particular, are the ones most frequently associated with greater susceptibility to the disease [2]. Among the environmental factors, the most frequent identified as trigger of MS were: the influence of smoking, stress, hygienic conditions, immunizations, a...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: C.C.F. Vasconcelos, L.C.S. Thuler, B.C. Rodrigues, A.B. Calmon, R.M.P. Alvarenga Source Type: research

Evaluation of Median Nerve T2 Signal Changes in Patients with Surgically Treated Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Entrapment neuropathies, defined as compression-induced injury to a nerve at some point over its course secondary to anatomic or pathologic structures, are common clinical conditions with physical, psychological and financial burdens [1]. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common upper limb entrapment neuropathy, with peak prevalence in middle-aged women [2,3]. The prevalence of CTS is approximately 3% in women and 2% in men, ranging from 2.7 to 5.8 percent in the general adult population [4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Yavuz Samanci, Ye şim Karagöz, Mehmet Yaman, İbrahim Burak Atçı, Ufuk Emre, Nuri Özgür Kılıçkesmez, Suat Erol Çelik Source Type: research

Mapping genetic factors in high-grade glioma patients
Absctrct (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Yang Yuan, Mao Yunhe, Wang Xiang, Liu Yanhui, Liang Ruofei, Luo Jiewen, Mao Qing Source Type: research

Safety and Outcomes of Preoperative Embolization of Intracranial Hemangioblastomas: A Systematic Review
Hemangioblastomas (HB) are benign, highly vascular tumors that comprise up to 2.5% of CNS neoplasms [1]. Common locations for these lesions include the cerebellum (44-72%), brainstem (1-6%), and spinal cord (13-44%). [2]. Most lesions arise sporadically, although nearly one-third of patients with these tumors have von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) [2]. There is a strong association of spinal cord HB with VHL, but lesions that arise in the cerebellum are more often sporadic [3]. The optimal treatment for symptomatic HB is surgical resection, while radiotherapy may be reserved for patients that are not surgical candidates. (So...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - September 18, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Leonel Ampie, Winward Choy, Jonathan B. Lamano, Kartik Kesavabhotla, Rajwant Kaur, Andrew T. Parsa, Orin Bloch Source Type: research