Mucosa-associated bacteria as a therapeutic target of alcoholic liver disease
The intestinal microbiota and the host have a symbiotic relationship. Disease can occur under circumstances that disrupt this delicate interaction. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with a quantitative increase in intestinal bacteria and dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota. In addition, patients with alcoholic liver disease have increased systemic levels of bacterial pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Translocation of PAMPs is facilitated by disruption of intestinal tight junctions and barrier dysfunction. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: B. Schnabl Source Type: research
Potential role of mucosal inflammation and histone modifications in alcohol-mediated promotion of colonic tumorigenesis in mice
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer, but the mechanism involved in this is unknown. We evaluated the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic tumorigenesis in mice. Adult female mice were treated with AOM (10 mg/kg BW) and colitis was induced after 5 days (d) by 3% DSS in drinking water for 5 d. DSS colitis was repeated twice with 15-d intervals. Tumorigenesis was observed at 30 d after the 3rd DSS cycle. During the 15-d intervals and 30 d after 3rd DSS cycle animals were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with or without 4% EtOH; non-EtOH group we...
Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: P.K. Shukla, K.K. Chaudhry, H. Mir, R. Gangwar, N. Yadav, B. Manda, A.S. Meena, R.K. Rao Source Type: research
Chronic ethanol consumption alters monocyte transcriptional program by modifying chromatin accessibility
It is well established that heavy ethanol consumption affects both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, ultimately increasing the risk for infection and delaying wound healing. While ethanol ’s impact on functional responses of immune cells is well studied, the epigenetic underpinnings that orchestrate these changes are less understood. Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from chronic ethanol consuming female macaques indicates ethanol exerts its big gest impact on innate immune cells with significant gene expression changes in blood coagulation and wound healing pathw...
Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: S. Sureshchandra, M. Rais, C. Stull, K. Grant, I. Messaoudi Source Type: research
Role of macrophages in alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) affects more than 10 million people in the U.S. It is reported that alcohol-related liver cirrhosis accounts for nearly half of liver cirrhosis-associated deaths in the U.S. Macrophages (M Φ) have emerged as a critical player and therapeutic target in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Increased numbers of hepatic MΦ and their activation are found in all stages of ALD in patients and animal models, suggesting the involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis of ALD. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: M. Wang, C. Ju Source Type: research
Editorial Board
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Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Table of Contents
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Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Instructions to Authors
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Source: Alcohol - March 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
DNA Methylation program in normal and alcohol-induced thinning cortex
While cerebral underdevelopment is a hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), the mechanism(s) guiding the broad cortical neurodevelopmental deficits are not clear. DNA methylation is known to regulate early development and tissue specification through gene regulation. Here, we examined DNA methylation in the onset of alcohol-induced cortical thinning in a mouse model of FASD. C57BL/6J mice were administered a 4% alcohol (v/v) liquid diet from embryonic (E) days 7 –16, and their embryos were harvested at E17, along with isocaloric liquid diet and lab chow controls. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - February 17, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Nail Can Öztürk, Marisol Resendiz, Hakan Öztürk, Feng C. Zhou Source Type: research
Alcohol drinking during adolescence increases consumptive responses to alcohol in adulthood in Wistar rats
Binge drinking and the onset of alcohol-use disorders usually peak during the transition between late adolescence and early adulthood, and early adolescent onset of alcohol consumption has been demonstrated to increase the risk for alcohol dependence in adulthood. In the present study, we describe an animal model of early adolescent alcohol consumption where animals drink unsweetened and unflavored ethanol in high concentrations (20%). Using this model, we investigated the influence of drinking on alcohol-related appetitive behavior and alcohol consumption levels in early adulthood. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - February 6, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Leslie R. Amodeo, Diana Kneiber, Derek N. Wills, Cindy L. Ehlers Source Type: research
An investigation into the effect of alcohol consumption on health status and health care utilization in Ireland
This paper presents a study of the effect of alcohol consumption on individual health status and health care utilization in Ireland using the 2007 Sl án National Health and Lifestyle Survey, while accounting for the endogenous relationship between alcohol and health. Drinkers are categorized as those who never drank, non-drinkers, moderate drinkers, or heavy drinkers, based on national recommended weekly drinking levels in Ireland. The drinking- status equation is estimated using an ordered probit model. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - February 3, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Gillian Ormond, Rosemary Murphy Source Type: research
Changes to histone modifications following prenatal alcohol exposure: An emerging picture
Epigenetic mechanisms are important for facilitating gene-environment interactions in many disease etiologies, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Extensive research into the role of DNA methylation and miRNAs in animal models has illuminated the complex role of these mechanisms in FASD. In contrast, histone modifications have not been as well researched, due in part to being less stable than DNA methylation and less well-characterized in disease. It is now apparent that even changes in transient marks can have profound effects if they alter developmental trajectories. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - February 2, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Eric J. Chater-Diehl, Benjamin I. Laufer, Shiva M. Singh Source Type: research
Disconnect between alcohol-induced alterations in chromatin structure and gene transcription in a mouse embryonic stem cell model of exposure
Alterations to chromatin structure induced by environmental insults have become an attractive explanation for the persistence of exposure effects into subsequent life stages. However, a growing body of work examining the epigenetic impact alcohol and other drugs of abuse exert consistently note a disconnect between induced changes in chromatin structure and patterns of gene transcription. Thus, an important question is whether perturbations in the ‘histone code’ induced by prenatal exposures to alcohol implicitly subvert gene expression, or if the hierarchy of cellular signaling networks driving development is such tha...
Source: Alcohol - January 12, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Kylee J. Veazey, Haiqing Wang, Yudhishtar S. Behdi, William M. Skiles, Richard Cheng-An Chang, Michael C. Golding Source Type: research
Strain-specific programming of prenatal ethanol exposure across generations
This study investigated the intergenerational consequences of prenatal exposure to low ethanol dose (1 g/kg) during gestational days 17–20, on ethanol-induced hypnosis in adolescent male F1 and F2 generations, in two strains of rats. Adolescent Long Evans and Sprague Dawley male rats were tested for sensitivity to ethanol-induced hypnosis at 3.5 g/kg or 4.5 g/kg ethanol dose using the loss of r ighting reflex (LORR) paradigm. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - January 3, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Daniel O. Popoola, Michael E. Nizhnikov, Nicole M. Cameron Source Type: research
Postnatal choline supplementation selectively attenuates hippocampal microRNA alterations associated with developmental alcohol exposure
Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in a range of physical, neuropathological, and behavioral alterations, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We have shown that supplementation with the nutrient choline reduces the severity of developmental alcohol-associated deficits in hippocampal-dependent behaviors and normalizes some aspects of hippocampal cholinergic development and DNA methylation patterns. Alcohol's developmental effects may also be mediated, in part, by altering microRNAs (miRNAs) that serve as negative regulators of gene translation. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - January 2, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Sridevi Balaraman, Nirelia M. Idrus, Rajesh C. Miranda, Jennifer D. Thomas Source Type: research
Analyses of Differentially Expressed Genes After Exposure To Acute Stress, Acute Ethanol, Or A Combination Of Both In Mice
Alcohol abuse is a complex disorder, which is confounded by other factors, including stress. In the present study, we examined gene expression in the hippocampus of BXD recombinant inbred mice after exposure to ethanol (NOE), stress (RSS), and the combination of both (RSE). Mice were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 1.8 g/kg ethanol or saline, and subsets of both groups were exposed to acute restraint stress for 15 min or controls. Gene expression in the hippocampus was examined using microarray analysis. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - December 15, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Jessica A. Baker, Jingxin Li, Diana Zhou, Ming Yang, Melloni N. Cook, Byron C. Jones, Megan K. Mulligan, Kristin M. Hamre, Lu Lu Source Type: research
