Paternal preconception alcohol exposure imparts intergenerational alcohol-related behaviors to male offspring on a pure C57BL/6J background
While alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly heritable condition, the basis of AUD in families with a history of alcoholism is difficult to explain by genetic variation alone. Emerging evidence suggests that parental experience prior to conception can impact inheritance of complex behaviors in offspring via non-genomic (epigenetic) mechanisms. For instance, male C57BL/6J (B6) mice exposed to chronic intermittent vapor ethanol (CIE) prior to mating with Strain 129S1/SvImJ ethanol-na ïve females produce male offspring with reduced ethanol drinking preference, increased ethanol sensitivity, and increased BDNF expression in t...
Source: Alcohol - November 4, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Gregory R. Rompala, Andrey Finegersh, Michelle Slater, Gregg E. Homanics Source Type: research
The Allostatic Impact of Chronic Ethanol on Gene Expression: A Genetic Analysis of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Treatment in the BXD Cohort
The transition from acute to chronic ethanol exposure leads to lasting behavioral and physiological changes such as increased consumption, dependence, and withdrawal. Changes in brain gene expression are hypothesized to underlie these adaptive responses to ethanol. Previous studies on acute ethanol identified genetic variation in brain gene expression networks and behavioral responses to ethanol across the BXD panel of recombinant inbred mice. In this work, we have performed the first joint genetic and genomic analysis of transcriptome shifts in response to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) by vapor chamber exposure in a ...
Source: Alcohol - October 30, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Andrew D. van der Vaart, Jennifer T. Wolstenholme, Maren Smith, Guy Harris, Marcelo F. Lopez, Aaron R. Wolen, Howard C. Becker, Robert W. Williams, Michael F. Miles Source Type: research
Alcohol sensitivity, alcohol use and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in older Chinese men: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Compared to other ethnic groups Asians are more likely to be sensitive to alcohol, due to polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. Although previous studies have found positive association between regular alcohol use and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), whether this association is modified by alcohol sensitivity has not been clarified. We therefore sought to examined this potential effect modification in a cross-sectional community sample with high prevalence of alcohol sensitivity, using data from 2903 men aged ≥50years recruited during phase 1 of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 27, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Shao Jun Xu, Chao Qiang Jiang, Wei Sen Zhang, Kar Keung Cheng, Catherine Mary Schooling, Lin Xu, Bin Liu, Ya li Jin, Kin Bong Hubert Lam, Tai Hing Lam Source Type: research
Adolescent binge-pattern alcohol exposure alters genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the hypothalamus of alcohol-na ïve male offspring
Teenage binge drinking is a major health concern in the United States, with 21% of teenagers reporting binge-pattern drinking behavior in the last 30 days. Recently, our lab showed that alcohol-na ïve offspring of rats exposed to alcohol during adolescence exhibited altered gene expression profiles in the hypothalamus, a brain region involved in stress regulation. We employed Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing as an unbiased approach to test the hypothesis that parental exp osure to binge-pattern alcohol during adolescence alters DNA methylation profiles in their alcohol-naïve offspring. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 23, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: AnnaDorothea Asimes, Audrey Torcaso, Elena Pinceti, Chun K. Kim, Nancy J. Zeleznik-Le, Toni R. Pak Source Type: research
Effects of an ethanol-paired CS on responding for ethanol and food: Comparisons with a stimulus in a Truly-Random-Control group and to a food-paired CS on responding for food
Motivational increases due to exposure to alcohol-paired Conditioned Stimuli (CS) are central to some accounts of alcoholism. However, few studies isolate a stimulus's function as a CS from its other potential functions. Pavlovian-Instrumental-Transfer (PIT) procedures isolate a stimulus's function as a CS from its other functions. Though there are several relevant studies using PIT, knowledge gaps exist. Particularly, it is not clear that an alcohol-paired CS will increase alcohol seeking compared to the same stimulus in a Truly-Random-Control group, nor whether such increases are specific to alcohol seeking. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 20, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: R.J. Lamb, Brett C. Ginsburg, Charles W. Schindler Source Type: research
Non-communicable diseases at a regional hospital in Nepal: Findings of a high burden of alcohol-related disease
Recent global burden of disease reports find that a major proportion of global deaths and disability worldwide can be attributed to alcohol use. Thus, it may be surprising that very few studies have reported on the burden of alcohol-related disease in low income settings. The evidence of non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Nepal was recently reviewed and concluded that data is still lacking, particularly to describe the burden of alcohol-related diseases (ARDs). Therefore, here we report on NCD burden and specifically ARDs, in hospitalized patients at a regional hospital in Nepal. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 19, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: M.S. Amundsen, T.M.G. Kirkeby, S. Giri, R. Koju, S.S. Krishna, B. Ystgaard, E. Sollig ård, K. Risnes Source Type: research
Non-communicable diseases at a regional hospital in Nepal: Findings of a high burden of alcohol related disease
Recent global burden of disease reports find that a major proportion of global deaths and disability worldwide can be attributed to alcohol use. Thus, it may be surprising that very few studies have reported on the burden of alcohol-related disease in low income settings. The evidence of non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Nepal was recently reviewed and concluded that data is still lacking, particularly to describe the burden of alcohol-related diseases (ARDs). Therefore, here we report on NCD burden and specifically ARDs, in hospitalized patients at a regional hospital in Nepal. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 19, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: M.S. Amundsen, T.M.G. Kirkeby, S. Giri, R. Koju, S.S. Krishna, B. Ystgaard, E. Sollig ård, K. Risnes Source Type: research
Mouse strain differences in punished ethanol self-administration
Determining the neural factors contributing to compulsive behaviors such as alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) has become a significant focus of current preclinical research. Comparison of phenotypic differences across genetically distinct mouse strains provides one approach to identify molecular and genetic factors contributing to compulsive-like behaviors. Here we examine a rodent assay for punished ethanol self-administration in four widely used inbred strains known to differ on ethanol-related behaviors: C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), 129S1/SvImJ (S1), and BALB/cJ (BALB). (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 17, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Lindsay R. Halladay, Adrina Kocharian, Andrew Holmes Source Type: research
Alcohol exposure differentially effects anti-tumor immunity in females by altering dendritic cell function
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a critical component of anti-tumor immunity due to their ability to induce a robust immune response to antigen (Ag). Alcohol was previously shown to reduce DC ability to present foreign Ag and promote pro-inflammatory responses in situations of infection and trauma. However the impact of alcohol exposure on generation of an anti-tumor response, especially in the context of generation of an immune vaccine has not been examined. In the clinic, DC vaccines are typically generated from autologous blood, therefore prior exposure to substances such as alcohol may be a critical factor to consider regardi...
Source: Alcohol - October 17, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Matthew G. Thompson, Flor Navarro, Lennox Chitsike, Luis Ramirez, Elizabeth J. Kovacs, Stephanie K. Watkins Source Type: research
Genetic divergence in the transcriptional engram of chronic alcohol abuse: A laser-capture RNA-seq study of the mouse mesocorticolimbic system
Genetic factors that influence the transition from initial drinking to dependence remain enigmatic. Recent studies have leveraged chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) paradigms to measure changes in brain gene expression in a single strain at 0, 8, 72 h, and even 7 days following CIE. We extend these findings using LCM RNA-seq to profile expression in 11 brain regions in two inbred strains – C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) – 72 h following multiple cycles of ethanol self-administration and CIE. Linear models identified differential expressio n based on treatment, region, strain, or interactions with treatment. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Megan K. Mulligan, Khyobeni Mozhui, Ashutosh K. Pandey, Maren L. Smith, Suzhen Gong, Jesse Ingels, Michael F. Miles, Marcelo F. Lopez, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams Source Type: research
Genetic divergence in the engram for chronic alcohol exposure
Genetic factors that influence the transition from initial drinking to dependence remain enigmatic. Recent studies have leveraged chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) paradigms to measure changes in brain gene expression in a single strain at 0, 8, 72 h, and even 7 days following CIE. We extend these findings using LCM RNA-seq to profile expression in 11 brain regions in two inbred strains—C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2)—72 h following multiple cycles of ethanol self-administration and CIE. Linear models identified differential expression ba sed on treatment, region, strain, or interactions with treatment. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 14, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Megan K. Mulligan, Khyobeni Mozhui, Ashutosh K. Pandey, Maren L. Smith, Suzhen Gong, Jesse Ingels, Michael F. Miles, Marcelo F. Lopez, Lu Lu, Robert W. Williams Source Type: research
Variable effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure on ethanol drinking in a genetically diverse mouse cohort
This study evaluated variations in the level of voluntary ethanol intake in a cohort of 42 BXD strains and both progenitor strains using a model of alcohol dependence and relapse drinking. A total of 119 BXDs (85 males, 34 females) (n ∼ 4 per genotype; 1/genotype/sex/group) were evaluated along with males from both progenitor strains (n = 14–15/genotype). (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 12, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Marcelo F. Lopez, Michael F. Miles, Robert W. Williams, Howard C. Becker Source Type: research
Recognition memory is selectively impaired in adult rats exposed to binge-like doses of ethanol during early postnatal life
This study explores the persistent cognitive consequences of ethanol administration in rat pups over postnatal days (PD) 4 –9, modeling human third trimester consumption. Between PD65-70, ethanol-exposed (5E) and control rats were evaluated in two variants of recognition memory, the spontaneous novel object recognition (NOR) task, using 20 and 240 min sample-to-test delays, and the associative object-in-context (OIC) task, using a 20 min delay. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 12, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Nicole M. MacIlvane, Joseph M. Pochiro, Nicole R. Hurwitz, Molly J. Goodfellow, Derick H. Lindquist Source Type: research
Chronic binge alcohol consumption during pregnancy alters rat maternal uterine artery pressure response
We aimed to investigate pressure-dependent maternal uterine artery responses and vessel remodeling following gestational binge alcohol exposure. Two groups of pregnant rats were used: the alcohol group (28.5% wt/v, 6.0 g/kg, once-daily orogastric gavage in a binge paradigm between gestational day (GD) 5–19) and pair-fed controls (isocalorically matched). On GD20, excised, pressurized primary uterine arteries were studied following equilibration (60 mm Hg) using dual chamber arteriograph. The uterine artery di ameter stabilized at 20 mm Hg, showed passive distension at 40 mm Hg, and redeveloped tone at 60 mm Hg. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 12, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Vishal D. Naik, Emilie R. Lunde-Young, Katie L. Davis-Anderson, Marcus Orzabal, Ivan Ivanov, Jayanth Ramadoss Source Type: research
Moderate alcohol consumption after a mental stressor attenuates the endocrine stress response
Alcohol is often consumed to reduce tension and improve mood when exposed to stressful situations. Previous studies showed that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce stress when alcohol is consumed prior to a stressor, but data on the effect of alcohol consumption after a mental stressor is limited. Therefore, our objective was to study whether moderate alcohol consumption immediately after a mental stressor attenuates the stress response. Twenty-four healthy men (age 21 –40 y, BMI 18–27 kg/m2) participated in a placebo-controlled trial. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 10, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: I.C. Schrieks, M.M. Joosten, W.A.A. Kl öpping-Ketelaars, R.F. Witkamp, H.F.J. Hendriks Source Type: research
