Moderate alcohol consumption after a mental stressor attenuates the stress response
Alcohol is often consumed to reduce tension and improve mood when exposed to stressful situations. Previous studies showed that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce stress when alcohol is consumed prior to a stressor, but data on the effect of alcohol consumption after a mental stressor is limited. Therefore, our objective was to study whether moderate alcohol consumption immediately after a mental stressor attenuates the stress response. Twenty-four healthy men (age 21 –40 y, BMI 18–27 kg/m2) participated in a placebo-controlled trial. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 10, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: I.C. Schrieks, M.M. Joosten, W.A.A. Kl öpping-Ketelaars, R.F. Witkamp, H.F.J. Hendriks Source Type: research
Modulation of ethanol reward sensitivity by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the α6 subunit
The prevalent co-abuse of nicotine and alcohol suggests a common neural mechanism underlying the actions of the two drugs. Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the α6 subunit (α6* nAChRs) in dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a region known to be crucial for drug reward. Recent evidence suggests that ethanol may potentiate ACh activation of these receptors as well, although whether α6* nAChR expression is necessary for behav ioral effects of acute ethanol exposure is unknown. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 6, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Melissa J. Guildford, Anthony V. Sacino, Andrew R. Tapper Source Type: research
Hyponatremia effect in patients with alcohol dependence on their physical and mental health status
Hyponatremia, i.e. reduction of sodium level in the blood plasma below 135 mmol/L, is one of the most common electrolyte disorders occurring in people addicted to alcohol. Since sodium is one of the main bioelements, which is responsible for proper neuromuscular excitability maintenance and contributes in nerve impulses conduction, sodium balance disorders may be related to a risk to basic life functions. There are few publications in the literature, examining the relationship between sodium concentration in people addicted to alcohol, and particular variables describing their clinical and mental condition. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 4, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Michal Ordak, Magdalena Maj-Zurawska, Halina Matsumoto, Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny, Tadeusz Nasierowski, Elzbieta Muszynska, Marcin Wojnar Source Type: research
Lipoic acid protects gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury in rat through a mechanism involving aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation
This study aims to explore whether lipoic acid, a potential ALDH2 activator, is able to protect gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury through a mechanism involving clearance of reactive aldehydes. The rats received 60% of acidified ethanol through intragastric administration and held for 1 h to establish a mucosal injury model. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - October 4, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Jia-Hui Li, Gui-Xia Ju, Jun-lin Jiang, Nian-Sheng Li, Jun Peng, Xiu-Ju Luo Source Type: research
The effect of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland
This paper presents a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland using the Sl án National Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007 dataset, accounting for endogeneity and selection bias. Drinkers are categorised into one of four categories based on the recommended weekly drinking levels by the Irish Health Promotion Unit; those who never drank, non-drinkers, moderate and heavy drink ers. A multinomial logit OLS Two Step Estimate is used to explain individual's choice of drinking status and to correct for selection bias which would result in the selection into a particular category of drinking being...
Source: Alcohol - October 4, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Gillian Ormond, Rosemary Murphy Source Type: research
Differential effects of TM4 tryptophan mutations on inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by ethanol and toluene
The voluntary use and abuse of alcohol and inhalants is a recognized health problem throughout the world. Previous studies have shown that these agents affect brain function in a variety of ways including direct inhibition of key ion channels that regulate neuronal excitability. Among these, the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is particularly important given its key role in glutamatergic synaptic transmission, neuronal plasticity and learning and memory. Previous studies from this laboratory and others have identified key residues within transmembrane (TM) domains of the NMDA receptor that appear to regulate its sensi...
Source: Alcohol - October 2, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: C. Thetford Smothers, John J. Woodward Source Type: research
Atp1a2 Contributes Modestly to Alcohol-Related Behaviors
This study utilized Atp1a2 knockout mice; Atp1a2 heterozygous mice, with half the amount of protein compared to wild-type mice, were used because Atp1a2 homozygous null mice die shortly after birth. The alcohol-related behavioral experiments performed were loss of righting reflex (LORR), acute alcohol withdrawal measured by handling-induced convulsions (HIC), drinking in the dark (DID), open-field activity (OFA), and elevated plus-maze (EPM). (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - September 28, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Stephanie M. Gritz, Colin Larson, Richard A. Radcliffe Source Type: research
Seeking mental health care from private health practitioners among individuals with alcohol dependence/abuse; results from a study in the French general population
The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the prevalence of mental health-care seeking in individuals with alcohol abuse/dependence in France, 2) which category of medical practitioner was consulted, and 3) psychological and socio-environmental factors associated with mental health-care seeking. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - September 23, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Aymery Constant, William Sherlaw, Viviane Kovess-Masfety Source Type: research
The Effects of Repeated Forced Ethanol Consumption During Adolescence on Reproductive Behaviors in Male Rats
Adolescence is a sensitive period of brain development when changes in hormone levels may have long-lasting effects on synaptic connections and behavior. In humans, alcohol consumption frequently begins during this critical period, although the impact of early exposure has not been fully examined. The current study was designed to investigate short- and long-term effects of repeated forced ethanol consumption during adolescence on emerging reproductive behaviors. Twenty-six young male Long-Evans rats were assigned to ethanol (Young EtOH, n = 12) or water (Young Control, n = 14) groups at postnatal day (P) 32, receiving a m...
Source: Alcohol - September 15, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Shannon M. Harding, Nicole Moll é, Lisbeth Reyes-Fondeur, Jessica M. Karanian Source Type: research
Alcohol and Lung Injury and Immunity
Annually, excessive alcohol use accounts for more than $220 billion in economic costs and 80,000 deaths, making excessive alcohol use the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the US. Patients with an alcohol-use disorder (AUD) also have an increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and lung injury, including a 2 –4-fold increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review investigates some of the potential mechanisms by which alcohol causes lung injury and impairs lung immunity. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - September 15, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Samantha M. Yeligar, Michael M. Chen, Elizabeth J. Kovacs, Joseph H. Sisson, Ellen L. Burnham, Lou Ann S. Brown Source Type: research
Novokinin inhibits gastric acid secretion and protects against alcohol-induced gastric injury in rats
In this study, we found that novokinin inhibited basal gastric acid secretion and protected gastric mucosa from alcohol-induced injury in a dose-related manner in rats after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. Novokinin significantly decreased basal gastric acid output at the dose of 50 and 100 nmol/rat. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - September 13, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Yang Zhang, Minghui Xiu, Jinhong Jiang, Jianzheng He, Dongqin Li, Shiwei Liang, Qiang Chen Source Type: research
Benchmark dose of alcohol consumption for development of hyperuricemia in Japanese male workers: An 8-year cohort study
To estimate the benchmark doses (BMD) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) of alcohol consumption as the reference level for the development of hyperuricemia based on the dose-response relationship. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - September 11, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Takashi Makinouchi, Kouichi Sakata, Mitsuhiro Oishi, Kumihiko Tanaka, Kazuhiro Nogawa, Miyuki Watanabe, Yasushi Suwazono Source Type: research
Test for association of common variants in GRM7 with alcohol consumption
Recent work using a mouse model has identified the glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 (Grm7) gene as a strong candidate gene for alcohol consumption. Although there has been some work examining the effect of human glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 (GRM7) polymorphisms on human substance use disorders, the majority of the work has focused on other psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. The current study aimed to evaluate evidence for association between GRM7 and alcohol behaviors in humans using a single nucleotide polymor...
Source: Alcohol - August 30, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Whitney E. Melroy-Greif, Csaba Vadasz, Helen M. Kamens, Matthew B. McQueen, Robin P. Corley, Michael C. Stallings, Christian J. Hopfer, Kenneth S. Krauter, Sandra A. Brown, John K. Hewitt, Marissa A. Ehringer Source Type: research
Alpha-ketoglutarate reduces ethanol toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster by enhancing alcohol dehydrogenase activity and antioxidant capacity
Ethanol at low concentrations ( (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - August 29, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Maria M. Bayliak, Halyna V. Shmihel, Maria P. Lylyk, Kenneth B. Storey, Volodymyr I. Lushchak Source Type: research
Alcohol consumption and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: baseline data from The Dogo Study
Diabetes mellitus and heavy alcohol consumption are both associated with vascular disease, a category that includes erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the association between alcohol consumption and ED among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear. The aim of the present multicenter cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between drinking frequency, weekly alcohol consumption, daily alcohol consumption, and ED among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - August 24, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Shinya Furukawa, Takenori Sakai, Tetsuji Niiya, Hiroaki Miyaoka, Teruki Miyake, Shin Yamamoto, Kotatsu Maruyama, Teruhisa Ueda, Keiko Tanaka, Hidenori Senba, Yasuhiko Todo, Masamoto Torisu, Hisaka Minami, Morikazu Onji, Takeshi Tanigawa, Bunzo Matsuura, Y Source Type: research
