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Biology, Mechanism, and Structure of Enzymes in the α-d-Phosphohexomutase Superfamily
Publication date: Available online 17 May 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Kyle M. Stiers, Andrew G. Muenks, Lesa J. Beamer Enzymes in the α-d-phosphohexomutases superfamily catalyze the reversible conversion of phosphosugars, such as glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. These reactions are fundamental to primary metabolism across the kingdoms of life and are required for a myriad of cellular processes, ranging from exopolysaccharide production to protein glycosylation. The subject of extensive mechanistic characterization during the latter half of the 20th cent...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - May 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Collagenolytic Matrix Metalloproteinase Structure –Function Relationships: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Studies
Publication date: Available online 8 May 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Tatyana G. Karabencheva-Christova, Christo Z. Christov, Gregg B. Fields Several members of the zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family catalyze collagen degradation. Experimental data reveal a collaboration between different MMP domains in order to achieve efficient collagenolysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been utilized to provide atomistic details of the collagenolytic process. The triple-helical structure of collagen exhibits local regions of flexibility, with modulat...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - May 10, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Nine Cardiokines as Modulators of Stress-Induced Cardiac Disorders
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Anna Planavila, Joaquim Fernández-Solà, Francesc Villarroya Almost 30 years ago, the protein, atrial natriuretic peptide, was identified as a heart-secreted hormone that provides a peripheral signal from the myocardium that communicates to the rest of the organism to modify blood pressure and volume under conditions of heart failure. Since then, additional peripheral factors secreted by the heart, termed cardiokines, have been identified and shown to coordinate this interorgan cross talk. In addition to thi...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Eight Molecular Targets of Ascochlorin and Its Derivatives for Cancer Therapy
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Jason Chua Min-Wen, Benjamin Chua Yan-Jiang, Srishti Mishra, Xiaoyun Dai, Junji Magae, Ng Shyh-Chang, Alan Prem Kumar, Gautam Sethi Cancer is an extremely complex disease comprising of a multitude of characteristic hallmarks that continue to evolve with time. At the genomic level, random mutations leading to deregulation of diverse oncogenic signal transduction cascades and polymorphisms coupled with environmental as well as life style-related factors are major causative agent contributing to chemor...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Seven Stress-Adaptive Response in Ovarian Cancer Drug Resistance
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Maria Rosaria Amoroso, Danilo Swann Matassa, Ilenia Agliarulo, Rosario Avolio, Francesca Maddalena, Valentina Condelli, Matteo Landriscina, Franca Esposito Metabolic reprogramming is one of the most frequent stress-adaptive response of cancer cells to survive environmental changes and meet increasing nutrient requirements during their growth. These modifications involve cellular bioenergetics and cross talk with surrounding microenvironment, in a dynamic network that connect different molecular proc...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Six Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Diseases
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez, Beatriz Castejón-Vega, Mario D. Cordero Stress is a complex event that induces disturbances to physiological and psychological homeostasis, and it may have a detrimental impact on certain brain and physiological functions. In the last years, a dual role of the stress effect has been studied in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which can induce physiological symptoms after psychological stress exposition and vice versa. In this sense, inflammation has been proposed as an ...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Five A Computational Approach to Identify the Biophysical and Structural Aspects of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Mutations (A222V, E429A, and R594Q) Leading to Schizophrenia
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Himani Tanwar, P. Sneha, D. Thirumal Kumar, R. Siva, Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter, C. George Priya Doss The association between depression and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been continually demonstrated in clinical studies, yet there are sparse resources available to build a relationship between the mutations associated with MTHFR and depression. The common mutations found to be associated with schizophrenia and MTHFR are A222V, E429A, and R594Q. Although abundant research on struct...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Four Analyzing the Effect of V66M Mutation in BDNF in Causing Mood Disorders
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): P. Sneha, D. Thirumal Kumar, Sugandhi Saini, Kreeti Kajal, R. Magesh, R. Siva, C. George Priya Doss Mental disorders or mood disorders are prevalent globally irrespective of region, race, and ethnic groups. Of the types of mood disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are the most prevalent forms of psychiatric condition. A number of preclinical studies emphasize the essential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Additi...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Three Inflammation in Epileptic Encephalopathies
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Oleksii Shandra, Solomon L. Moshé, Aristea S. Galanopoulou West syndrome (WS) is an infantile epileptic encephalopathy that manifests with infantile spasms (IS), hypsarrhythmia (in ~60% of infants), and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The etiologies of WS can be structural–metabolic pathologies (~60%), genetic (12%–15%), or of unknown origin. The current treatment options include hormonal treatment (adrenocorticotropic hormone and high-dose steroids) and the GABA aminotransferase inhibitor vigabatrin, ...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Two Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Yousef Sawikr, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Ilaria Peluso, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Gjumrakch Aliev, Anupam Bishayee Brain inflammation, characterized by increased microglia and astrocyte activation, increases during aging and is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, neuronal death and synaptic impairment, induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, are at least in part mediated by microglia and astrocyte activation. Glial activation results in the sustained production of...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter One Oxidative Stress
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 108 Author(s): Genaro Gabriel Ortiz, Fermín P. Pacheco Moisés, Mario Mireles-Ramírez, Luis J. Flores-Alvarado, Héctor González-Usigli, Víctor J. Sánchez-González, Angélica L. Sánchez-López, Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero, Eduardo I. Díaz-Barba, J. Francisco Santoscoy-Gutiérrez, Paloma Rivero-Moragrega Molecular oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms in order to synthesize large amounts of energy during the process of oxidative phosphorylation and it is harnessed in the form of adenosine triphosphate...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Diseases
Publication date: Available online 27 March 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez, Beatriz Castejón-Vega, Mario D. Cordero Stress is a complex event that induces disturbances to physiological and psychological homeostasis, and it may have a detrimental impact on certain brain and physiological functions. In the last years, a dual role of the stress effect has been studied in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which can induce physiological symptoms after psychological stress exposition and vice versa. In this sense, inflammation has been p...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 28, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

A Computational Approach to Identify the Biophysical and Structural Aspects of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Mutations (A222V, E429A, and R594Q) Leading to Schizophrenia
Publication date: Available online 23 March 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Himani Tanwar, P. Sneha, D. Thirumal Kumar, R. Siva, Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter, C. George Priya Doss The association between depression and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been continually demonstrated in clinical studies, yet there are sparse resources available to build a relationship between the mutations associated with MTHFR and depression. The common mutations found to be associated with schizophrenia and MTHFR are A222V, E429A, and R594Q. Although abundant rese...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 25, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: The Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenolic Nutraceuticals
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Yousef Sawikr, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Ilaria Peluso, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Gjumrakch Aliev, Anupam Bishayee Brain inflammation, characterized by increased microglia and astrocyte activation, increases during aging and is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, neuronal death and synaptic impairment, induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, are at least in part mediated by microglia and astrocyte activation. Glial activation results in the sustained...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 23, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Analyzing the Effect of V66M Mutation in BDNF in Causing Mood Disorders: A Computational Approach
Publication date: Available online 9 March 2017 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): P. Sneha, D. Thirumal Kumar, Sugandhi Saini, Kreeti Kajal, R. Magesh, R. Siva, C. George Priya Doss Mental disorders or mood disorders are prevalent globally irrespective of region, race, and ethnic groups. Of the types of mood disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are the most prevalent forms of psychiatric condition. A number of preclinical studies emphasize the essential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of mood diso...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 8, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research