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Chapter Five Chemical Platforms for Peptide Vaccine Constructs
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 99 Author(s): Suhas Ramesh , Prabhakar Cherkupally , Thavendran Govender , Hendrik G. Kruger , Fernando Albericio , Beatriz G. de la Torre Knowledge of the sequences and structures of proteins from pathogenic microorganisms has been put to great use in the field of protein chemistry for the development of peptide-based vaccines. These vaccine constructs include chemically tailored, shorter peptidic fragments that can induce high immunogenicity, thus shunning the allergenic and nonimmunogenic part of the antigens. Based on t...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - June 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Four Perspective of Peptide Vaccine Composed of Epitope Peptide, CpG-DNA, and Liposome Complex Without Carriers
In conclusion, we improved the efficacy of peptide vaccines in mice. Our strategy can be applied in development of therapeutic antibodies or in defense against pandemic infectious diseases through rapid screening of potent B-cell epitopes. (Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology)
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - June 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Three Recombinant Lipoproteins as Novel Vaccines with Intrinsic Adjuvant
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 99 Author(s): Pele Chong , Jui-Hsin Huang , Chih-Hsiang Leng , Shih-Jen Liu , Hsin-Wei Chen A core platform technology for high production of recombinant lipoproteins with built-in immunostimulator for novel subunit vaccine development has been established. This platform technology has the following advantages: (1) easily convert antigen into lipidated recombinant protein using a fusion sequence containing lipobox and express high level (50–150mg/L) in Escherichia coli; (2) a robust high-yield up- and downstream bioprocess...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - June 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Two The Use of Liposomes to Shape Epitope Structure and Modulate Immunogenic Responses of Peptide Vaccines Against HIV MPER
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 99 Author(s): Beatriz Apellániz , José L. Nieva Peptide vaccines have been shown effective in preventing animal infection in some instances, and various formulations are under evaluation for their potential clinical use in humans. In the case of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, viral escape from immune surveillance restricts relevant neutralizing humoral responses to a handful of sites of vulnerability on the envelope glycoprotein. The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) on the gp41 transmembran...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - June 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter One Peptide Immunotherapy in Vaccine Development From Epitope to Adjuvant
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 99 Author(s): Hyun Yang , Dong Seok Kim Vaccines are designed to educate the host immune system to prevent infectious disease or to fight against various diseases such as cancers. Peptides were first employed to provide specific immune responses while minimizing unintended allergenic or reactogenic adverse effects. Discoveries of virus or cancer-specific antigens and the advanced knowledge of immunology accelerate the peptide vaccine development. Despite the overwhelming research pipelines, a very few of them reached to market ...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - June 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chemical Platforms for Peptide Vaccine Constructs
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Suhas Ramesh , Prabhakar Cherkupally , Thavendran Govender , Hendrik G. Kruger , Fernando Albericio , Beatriz G. de la Torre Knowledge of the sequences and structures of proteins from pathogenic microorganisms has been put to great use in the field of protein chemistry for the development of peptide-based vaccines. These vaccine constructs include chemically tailored, shorter peptidic fragments that can induce high immunogenicity, thus shunning the allergenic and nonimmunogenic part of the antig...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Understanding Amino Acid Mutations in Hepatitis B Virus Proteins for Rational Design of Vaccines and Drugs
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Ke Shen , Li Shen , Jing Wang , Zhi Jiang , Bairong Shen The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome encodes four proteins, i.e., DNA polymerase, surface protein, X, and core proteins. HBV undergoes different selective pressures for drug resistance and immune/vaccine escape and mutations are common for the HBV proteins. We here collected all the reported amino acid mutations happened in these four HBV proteins and studied their patterns. The relationship between the mutations and epitopic functions are in...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

The Use of Liposomes to Shape Epitope Structure and Modulate Immunogenic Responses of Peptide Vaccines Against HIV MPER
Publication date: Available online 18 April 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Beatriz Apellániz , José L. Nieva Peptide vaccines have been shown effective in preventing animal infection in some instances, and various formulations are under evaluation for their potential clinical use in humans. In the case of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, viral escape from immune surveillance restricts relevant neutralizing humoral responses to a handful of sites of vulnerability on the envelope glycoprotein. The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) on the gp...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 18, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Recombinant Lipoproteins as Novel Vaccines with Intrinsic Adjuvant
Publication date: Available online 8 April 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Pele Chong , Jui-Hsin Huang , Chih-Hsiang Leng , Shih-Jen Liu , Hsin-Wei Chen A core platform technology for high production of recombinant lipoproteins with built-in immunostimulator for novel subunit vaccine development has been established. This platform technology has the following advantages: (1) easily convert antigen into lipidated recombinant protein using a fusion sequence containing lipobox and express high level (50–150mg/L) in Escherichia coli; (2) a robust high-yield up- and downstr...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Perspective of Peptide Vaccine Composed of Epitope Peptide, CpG-DNA, and Liposome Complex Without Carriers
In conclusion, we improved the efficacy of peptide vaccines in mice. Our strategy can be applied in development of therapeutic antibodies or in defense against pandemic infectious diseases through rapid screening of potent B-cell epitopes. (Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology)
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Peptide Immunotherapy in Vaccine Development: From Epitope to Adjuvant
Publication date: Available online 8 April 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology Author(s): Hyun Yang , Dong Seok Kim Vaccines are designed to educate the host immune system to prevent infectious disease or to fight against various diseases such as cancers. Peptides were first employed to provide specific immune responses while minimizing unintended allergenic or reactogenic adverse effects. Discoveries of virus or cancer-specific antigens and the advanced knowledge of immunology accelerate the peptide vaccine development. Despite the overwhelming research pipelines, a very few of them reac...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - April 10, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Nine Food-Grade Protein-Based Nanoparticles and Microparticles for Bioactive Delivery Fabrication, Characterization, and Utilization
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 98 Author(s): Gabriel Davidov-Pardo , Iris J. Joye , David Julian McClements Proteins can be used to fabricate nanoparticles and microparticles suitable for use as delivery systems for bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and other products. Food proteins originate from various animal or vegetal sources and exhibit a wide diversity of molecular and physicochemical characteristics, e.g., molecular weight, conformation, flexibility, polarity, charge, isoelectric point, solubility, and interactions. As a result,...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Eight Bioconjugation of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles with Enzyme and Peptide and Their Characterization
In this study, we mixed the liquid silk solution with enzymes, including oxidase and hydrolase, and rapidly injected the mixture into an excess of acetone. The enzyme retained most of its enzymatic activity and was also captured in silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs), which instantly formed via a configuration transition of the regenerated silk protein from a random coil and α-helix to a β-sheet. The resulting enzyme-captured SFNs displayed a fine crystal structure with a high activity recovery and good thermal stability. Moreover, the affinities of these modified enzymes to their substrate did not evidently suffer from th...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Seven Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Protein and Peptide Delivery Exploring Less-Known Materials
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 98 Author(s): Marlise A. dos Santos , Ana Grenha Finding adequate carriers for protein and peptide delivery has become an urgent need, owing to the growing number of macromolecules identified as having therapeutic potential. Nanoparticles have emerged in the field as very promising vehicles and much work has been directed to testing the capacity of different materials to compose the matrix of these carriers. Natural materials and, specifically, polysaccharides have been taking the forefront of the challenge, because of several ...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Chapter Six Implications of Protein- and Peptide-Based Nanoparticles as Potential Vehicles for Anticancer Drugs
Publication date: 2015 Source:Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Volume 98 Author(s): Ahmed O. Elzoghby , Mayada M. Elgohary , Nayra M. Kamel Protein-based nanocarriers have gained considerable attention as colloidal carrier systems for the delivery of anticancer drugs. Protein nanocarriers possess various advantages including their low cytotoxicity, abundant renewable sources, high drug-binding capacity, and significant uptake into the targeted tumor cells. Moreover, the unique protein structure offers the possibility of site-specific drug conjugation and tumor targeting using various ligands mod...
Source: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology - March 27, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research