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Addiction Biology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - September 5, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
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Addiction Biology,Volume 23, Issue 2, Page 735-749, March 2018. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - September 5, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Neural mechanisms of extinguishing drug and pleasant cue associations in human addiction: role of the VMPFC
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the resistance of drug cue associations to extinction in addiction remain unknown. Fear extinction critically depends on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Here, we tested if this same region plays a role in extinction of non‐fear, drug and pleasant cue associations. Eighteen chronic cocaine users and 15 matched controls completed three functional MRI scans. Participants first learned to associate an abstract cue (the conditioned stimulus, CS) with a drug‐related (CSD+) or pleasant (CSP+) image. Extinction immediately followed where each CS was repeatedly p...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 5, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Anna B. Konova, Muhammad A. Parvaz, Vladimir Bernstein, Anna Zilverstand, Scott J. Moeller, Mauricio R. Delgado, Nelly Alia ‐Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the central amygdala alleviates co ‐morbid expression of innate anxiety and excessive alcohol intake
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that prominently degrades the major endocannabinoid N‐arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide). Inhibition of this enzyme leads to increased anandamide levels in brain regions that modulate stress and anxiety. Recently, we found that genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol‐preferring (msP) rats display hyperactive FAAH in amygdalar regions that was associated with increased stress sensitivity and a hyper‐anxious phenotype. Our previous work has also demonstrated that msPs display an innate preference for and excessive consumption of alcohol, potentially r...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Serena Stopponi, Yannick Fotio, Ana Domi, Anna Maria Borruto, Luis Natividad, Marisa Roberto, Roberto Ciccocioppo, Nazzareno Cannella Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Genome ‐wide association study of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) scores in 20 328 research participants of European ancestry
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In collaboration with the genetics company 23andMe, Inc., we performed a genome‐wide association study of the alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT), an instrument designed to screen for alcohol misuse over the past year. Our final sample consisted of 20 328 research participants of European ancestry (55.3% females; mean age = 53.8, SD = 16.1) who reported ever using alcohol. Our results showed that the ‘chip‐heritability’ of AUDIT score, when treated as a continuous phenotype, was 12%. No loci reached genome...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Sandra Sanchez ‐Roige, Pierre Fontanillas, Sarah L. Elson, , Joshua C. Gray, Harriet Wit, Lea K. Davis, James MacKillop, Abraham A. Palmer Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Association of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene polymorphism rs1789891 with gray matter brain volume, alcohol consumption, alcohol craving and relapse risk
This study presents initial evidence that a genetic polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster (rs1789891), which was associated with alcohol dependence risk before, is associated with increased alcohol cue‐induced craving, higher alcohol consumption, gray matter volume loss in bilateral temporal gyri and higher relapse risk in alcohol dependent patients. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Patrick Bach, Vagelis Zois, Sabine Vollst ädt‐Klein, Martina Kirsch, Sabine Hoffmann, Anne Jorde, Josef Frank, Katrin Charlet, Jens Treutlein, Anne Beck, Andreas Heinz, Henrik Walter, Marcella Rietschel, Falk Kiefer Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Selective inhibition of M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates cocaine self ‐administration in rats
This study shows for the first time that selective modulation of M5 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cocaine use disorder. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Barak W. Gunter, Robert W. Gould, Michael Bubser, Kevin M. McGowan, Craig W. Lindsley, Carrie K. Jones Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Hypocretin receptor 1 knockdown in the ventral tegmental area attenuates mesolimbic dopamine signaling and reduces motivation for cocaine
Abstract
The hypocretin receptor 1 (HCRTr1) is a critical participant in the regulation of motivated behavior. Previous observations demonstrate that acute pharmacological blockade of HCRTr1 disrupts dopamine (DA) signaling and the motivation for cocaine when delivered systemically or directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). To further examine the involvement of HCRTr1 in regulating reward and reinforcement processing, we employed an adeno‐associated virus to express a short hairpin RNA designed to knock down HCRTr1. We injected virus into the VTA and examined the effects of HCRTr1 knockdown on cocaine self‐admi...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: David L. Bernstein, Preeti S. Badve, Jessica R. Barson, Caroline E. Bass, Rodrigo A. Espa ña Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Minocycline increases firing rates of accumbal neurons and modifies the effects of morphine on neuronal activity
In conclusion, our findings indicated that minocycline modifies morphine‐induced decreases in the firing rates of NAc neurons in the reinstatement phase.
Intra‐LV injection of minocycline increases NAc neural activity. Intra‐LV infusion of minocycline modifies the inhibitory effects of morphine on NAc neurons. Subchronic minocycline infusions during extinction phase dose not modify the inhibitory effects of morphine on NAc neurons. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Reza Arezoomandan, Esmail Riahi, Abbas Haghparast Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Functional role for suppression of the insular –striatal circuit in modulating interoceptive effects of alcohol
We examined the insular cortex (IC) and its projections to the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) in modulating the interoceptive effects of alcohol in two alcohol discrimination tasks (operant and Pavlovian) in rats. Silencing IC ➔ AcbC projections (using chemogenetics) potentiated the effects of alcohol and produced ‘alcohol‐like’ effects. This increased sensitivity to alcohol was more pronounced than silencing the IC alone. These findings show the critical nature of IC circuitry in an alcohol drug state, which can have implications for drinking/seeking behaviors. CNO, clozapine‐n‐oxide (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Anel A. Jaramillo, Verda E. Agan, Viren H. Makhijani, Stephen Pedroza, Zoe A. McElligott, Joyce Besheer Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Limited potential of cebranopadol to produce opioid ‐type physical dependence in rodents
Abstract
Cebranopadol is a novel potent analgesic agonist at the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and classical opioid receptors. As NOP receptor activation has been shown to reduce side effects related to the activation of μ‐opioid peptide (MOP) receptors, the present study evaluated opioid‐type physical dependence produced by cebranopadol in mice and rats. In a naloxone‐precipitated withdrawal assay in mice, a regimen of seven escalating doses of cebranopadol over 2 days produced only very limited physical dependence as evidenced by very little withdrawal symptoms (jumping) even at cebranopadol doses clearly ...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Thomas M. Tzschentke, Babette Y. K ögel, Stefanie Frosch, Klaus Linz Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Red Bull ® energy drink increases consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol
Abstract
Mixing alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice, especially among young people. In humans, the research on this issue has mainly focused on the use of the mass‐marketed energy drinks themselves, whereas in animal models, it has focused on the individual effects of their active ingredients (i.e. caffeine). Here, we have characterized how Red Bull®, one of the most consumed caffeinated energy drink worldwide, modulates operant alcohol self‐administration in Wistar rats. We found that animals readily and steadily responded for Red Bull (mean: 90 responses, 30 minutes and fixed‐ratio 1), whi...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Marta Rold án, Victor Echeverry‐Alzate, Kora‐Mareen Bühler, Israel J. Sánchez‐Diez, Javier Calleja‐Conde, Pedro Olmos, Stephen L. Boehm, Rafael Maldonado, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Catalina Santiago, Felix Gómez‐Gallego, Elena Giné, J Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
α6 subunit‐containing nicotinic receptors mediate low‐dose ethanol effects on ventral tegmental area neurons and ethanol reward
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neuron excitability is regulated by inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission and modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of α6 subunit‐containing nAChRs (α6*‐nAChRs) in acute ethanol effects on ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA and DA neurons. α6*‐nAChRs were visualized on GABA terminals on VTA GABA neurons, and α6*‐nAChR transcripts were expressed in most DA neurons, but only a minority of VTA GABA neurons from GAD67 GFP mice. Low concentrations of ethanol (1–10 mM) enhanced GABAA receptor (GABAAR)‐mediated spontaneou...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Scott C. Steffensen, Samuel I. Shin, Ashley C. Nelson, Stephanie S. Pistorius, Stephanie B. Williams, Taylor J. Woodward, Hyun Jung Park, Lindsey Friend, Ming Gao, Fenfei Gao, Devin H. Taylor, M. Foster Olive, Jeffrey G. Edwards, Sterling N. Sudweeks, Lor Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Abnormal gray matter volume and impulsivity in young adults with Internet gaming disorder
Abstract
Reduced executive control is one of the central components of model on the development and maintenance of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Among the various executive control problems, high impulsivity has consistently been associated with IGD. We performed voxel‐based morphometric analysis with diffeomorphic anatomical registration by using an exponentiated Lie algebra algorithm (DARTEL) to investigate the relationship of gray matter abnormalities to impulsivity in IGD. Thirty‐one young male adults whose excessive Internet gaming began in early adolescence, and 30 age‐matched male healthy controls were exami...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Deokjong Lee, Kee Namkoong, Junghan Lee, Young ‐Chul Jung Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Phosphorylated SNAP25 in the CA1 regulates morphine ‐associated contextual memory retrieval via increasing GluN2B‐NMDAR surface localization
In this study, we validated the enhanced PKC and membrane GluN2B protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 after morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) expression in rats. Interestingly, we also found that phosphorylation of SNAP25 at Ser187 (pSer187‐SNAP25), a PKC‐activated target, was significantly increased following morphine CPP expression. Blocking the pSer187‐SNAP25 by intra‐CA1 injection of an interfering peptide impaired morphine CPP expression and accompanied by the reduced ratio of GluN2B membrane/total in the CA1. In addition, intra‐CA1 blockade of pSer187‐SNAP25 did not affect natural learning ...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Xinjuan Wang, Yan Liu, Meng Jia, Xiaowei Sun, Na Wang, Yijing Li, Cailian Cui Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
