Self ‐efficacy modulates the neural correlates of craving in male smokers and ex‐smokers: an fMRI study
We examined whether self‐efficacy can affect the neural response to smoking cues in smokers and ex‐smokers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During scanning, participants were instructed (1) to view smoking‐related images passively, (2) to view the smoking‐related images with a strategy focused on self‐efficacy to control cue‐induced craving or (3) to view neutral images. In smokers, the self‐efficacy strategy significantly reduced self‐reported craving. This strategy was related to increased activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Miki Ono, Takanori Kochiyama, Junya Fujino, Takashi Sozu, Ryosaku Kawada, Naoto Yokoyama, Genichi Sugihara, Toshiya Murai, Hidehiko Takahashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Neurotensin in the posterior thalamic paraventricular nucleus: inhibitor of pharmacologically relevant ethanol drinking
This study examined the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), a limbic structure recently shown to participate in ethanol intake. To identify individuals prone to ethanol overconsumption, we tested Long–Evans rats in behavioral paradigms and found high levels of vertical time (rearing behavior) in a novel activity chamber to be a consistent predictor of subsequent excessive 20 percent ethanol drinking under the intermittent access model. Examining neurochemicals in the PVT, we found before ethanol exposure that prone rats with high rearing, compared with non‐prone rats, had significantly lower levels of neurot...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Surya Pandey, Preeti S. Badve, Genevieve R. Curtis, Sarah F. Leibowitz, Jessica R. Barson Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Cafeteria diet induces neuroplastic modifications in the nucleus accumbens mediated by microglia activation
We describe that prolonged exposure to high‐caloric chocolate cafeteria diet leads to overeating and overweight in mice. NAc functionality was altered in these mice, presenting structural plasticity modifications in medium spiny neurons, increased expression of neuroinflammatory factors and activated microglia, and abnormal responses after amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion. Chronic inactivation of microglia normalized these neurobiological and behavioural alterations exclusively in mice exposed to cafeteria diet. Our data suggest that prolonged exposure to cafeteria diet produces neuroplastic and functional changes i...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Miriam Guti érrez‐Martos, Benoit Girard, Sueli Mendonça‐Netto, Julie Perroy, Emmanuel Valjent, Rafael Maldonado, Miquel Martin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Working memory and salivary brain ‐derived neurotrophic factor as developmental predictors of cocaine seeking in male and female rats
In conclusion, poor working memory and low salivary BDNF in juvenile male rats may represent biomarkers for later cocaine use. Further research is needed to identify biomarkers for risk in male rats.
Lifelong risk for drug abuse is highest in individuals who initiate use in adolescence. Early identification of drug use risk is therefore critical. We find that in male rats, poor juvenile working memory and low salivary brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with elevated cocaine seeking in adolescence and adulthood. In female rats, only working memory is associated with later cocaine seeking. These findi...
Source: Addiction Biology - August 31, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Chloe J. Jordan, Susan L. Andersen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Working memory and salivary brain ‐derived neurotrophic factor as developmental predictors of cocaine seeking in male and female rats
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - August 31, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
