The anticancer effects of Resina Draconis extract on cholangiocarcinoma
AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare, heterogeneous malignant tumor with poor clinical outcomes. Because of high insensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there are no effective treatment options. Efforts to identify and develop new agents for prevention and treatment of this deadly disease are urgent. Here, we assessed the apoptotic cytotoxicity of Resina Draconis extract (RDE) using in vitro and in vivo assays and identified the mechanisms underlying antitumor effects of RDE. RDE was obtained via vacuum distillation of Resina Draconis with 75 Â % ethanol. The ethanol extract could inhibit CCA cell ...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Integrin-linked kinase regulates cadherin switch in bladder cancer
In this report, we studied the role and mechanism of ILK in EMT of human bladder cancer. We showed that silencing of ILK expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly abolished the nuclear translocation or the presence of markers associated with EMT like Snail, Twist, Zeb, and beta-catenin. ILK knockdown by siRNA suppressed N-cadherin expression and increased re-expression of E-cadherin in bladder cancer cells. We suggest that ILK is a major signaling factor involved in EMT. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanism of EMT in aim to possibly use it in search for new therapeutic targets. (Source: Tumor Biology)
Source: Tumor Biology - September 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Direct targeting of HGF by miR-16 regulates proliferation and migration in gastric cancer
AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in each stage of tumor development in various types of cancers. We have previously showed that miR-16 is downregulated in cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor. Other studies indicated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met is implicated in proliferation, migration, and other pathophysiological processes. However, little is known about the relationship between miR-16 and HGF/c-Met in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, we used bioinformatics tools and related experiments to search for miRNAs targeting HGF. Here, we found that miR-16 suppressed HGF prote...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Upregulation of miR-192 inhibits cell growth and invasion and induces cell apoptosis by targeting TCF7 in human osteosarcoma
This study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-192 in OS and elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which miR-192 acts as a tumor suppressor in this disease. The qRT-PCR data identified significant down-regulation of miR-192 in 20 OS tissue samples and two OS cell lines when compared with adjacent normal tissues and a human osteoblast cell line, respectively. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed overexpression of T cell-specific transcription factor (TCF) 7 protein in tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that enforced expression of miR-192 inhibited...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
MicroRNA-490 regulates lung cancer metastasis by targeting poly r(C)-binding protein 1
AbstractLung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with metastatic progression remaining the single largest cause of lung cancer mortality. Hence, it is imperative to determine reliable biomarkers of lung cancer prognosis.MicroRNA-490-3p has been previously reported to be a positive prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular cancer. However, its role in human lung cancer has not yet been elucidated. Here, we report thathsa-miR-490-3p expression is significantly higher in human lung cancer tissue specimens and cell line. Gain- and loss-of-function studies ofhsa-miR-490-3p showed that it regulates cell pro...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Arsenic trioxide inhibits lung metastasis of mouse colon cancer via reducing the infiltration of regulatory T cells
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the local lung metastasis of mouse colon cancer in vivo and the regulation of Tregs in cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) in vitro. A high Tregs infiltration mouse colon cancer lung metastasis model was established by intravenous injection of CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, low-dose As2O3 group, and high-dose As2O3 group. For in vitro studies, CIKs were treated with vehicle control or 0.1, 1, or 5 Â Î...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Overexpression of CASS4 promotes invasion in non-small cell lung cancer by activating the AKT signaling pathway and inhibiting E-cadherin expression
In this study, CASS4 overexpression inhibited E-cadherin expression and enhanced invasion in NSCLC cell line transfected with CASS4 plasmid, while CASS4 depletion upregulated E-cadherin expression and inhibited invasion in NSCLC cell line transfected with CASS4 siRNA. The effect of CASS4 overexpression in facilitating invasion of NSCLC cells was reversed by restoring E-cadherin expression, which indicates that CASS4 may promote invasion by inhibiting E-cadherin expression. Subsequent immunohistochemistry results confirmed that CASS4 overexpression correlated with loss of E-cadherin expression. We next investigated the phos...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Numb/Notch signaling pathway modulation enhances human pancreatic cancer cell radiosensitivity
AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate whether repression of the Numb/Notch signaling pathway affects the radiosensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Different doses of X-rays (0, 2, 3, 4, and 5  Gy) were applied to the PANC-1, SW1990, and MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the Numb/Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT was added at different doses (0, 1, 3, and 5 μmol/l). MTT assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell experiments were performed, a nd qRT-PCR and Western blot were conducted for the detection of Numb expression. Tumorigenicity assay in nude mice was...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Silencing Livin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death, increasing chemotherapeutic sensitivity to cisplatin of renal carcinoma cells
AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3 Â % of all adult malignancies and is the most lethal urological cancer. Livin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, which is associated with tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Clinical data also showed that patients with high tumor grades and stages have hig her expression levels of Livin in RCC cells. Autophagy is a survival mechanism activated in response to nutrient deprivation. A possible role of Livin in the autophagy of RCC cells has not been investigated; therefore, this pioneer study was carried out. Livin was silenced in RC...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 26, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Insulin-like growth factor-related components and the risk of liver cancer in a nested case-control study
We examined relationships between serum levels of these factors and hepatoma risk in a case-control study nested in a prospective cohort study (the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study)). A baseline survey was conducted from 1988 to 1990, and 39,242 subjects donated blood samples. Participants diagnosed with hepatoma by 1997 were considered cases for nested case-control studies. Ninety-one cases and 263 sex- and age-matched controls were analyzed. A conditional logistic model was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the incidence of hepatoma associated with serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels. Neither IGF1 nor the molar...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Potential role of Shh-Gli1-BMI1 signaling pathway nexus in glioma chemoresistance
AbstractChemoresistance is a common hurdle for the proper treatment of gliomas. The role of Shh-Gli1 signaling in glioma progression has been reported. However, its role in glioma chemoresistance has not been well studied yet. In this work, we found that Shh-Gli1 signaling regulates the expression of one stem cell marker, BMI1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus), in glioma. Interestingly, we also demonstrated high expression of MRP1 (multi-drug resistance protein 1) in glioma. MRP1 expression was decreased by BMI1 siRNA and Shh-Gli1 cell signaling specific inhibitor GANT61 in our experiments. GANT61 very effici...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
NTRK2 is an oncogene and associated with microRNA-22 regulation in human gastric cancer cell lines
In this study, we examined the roles of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) gene in regulating in vitro proliferation and invasion in human gastric cancer. Gene expression of NTRK2 was compared between non-carcinoma gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer (GC) cells by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). NTRK2 was either downregulated or upregulated in MKN-28 and SNU-719 cells. The effect of NTRK2 downregulation or upregulation on GC in vitro development was analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot, proliferation assay, and invasion assay, respectively. The upstream regulator of NTRK2, microRNA-22 (miR-22), was ev...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Microbial HSP70 peptide epitope 407 –426 as adjuvant in tumor-derived autophagosome vaccine therapy of mouse lung cancer
AbstractTumor-derived autophagome (DRibble) is an effective therapeutic cancer vaccine inducing T cell recognition and death of tumor cells in mice. However, the potential for improved anti-tumor response still remains. Our previous study demonstrated that two repeats of a mycobacterial HSP70407 –426 (M2) peptide acted as adjuvant in improving anti-tumor efficacy of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) vaccine. Here, a DRibble vaccine conjugated with M2 (DRibble-M2) was designed as a novel vaccine to enhance anti-tumor activity. Compared with DRibble alone, DRibble-M2 vaccination more significantly inhibited the...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Hepatitis B virus X protein in liver tumor microenvironment
AbstractEncoded by the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a multifunctional, potentially oncogenic protein that acts primarily during the progression from chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent decades, it has been established that chronic inflammation generates a tumor-supporting microenvironment. HCC is a typical chronic inflammation-related cancer, and inflammation is the main risk factor for HCC progression. The viral transactivator HBx plays a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of hepatic inflammatory processes through interactions with component...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 22, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
HOX genes: potential candidates for the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
AbstractLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a very aggressive cancer, considered to be a subtype of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite significant advances in the understanding and treatment of cancer, prognosis of patients with LSCC has not improved recently. In the present study, we sought to understand better the genetic mechanisms underlying LSCC development. Thirty-two tumor samples were collected from patients undergoing surgical resection of LSCC. The samples were submitted to whole-genome cDNA microarray analysis aiming to identify genetic targets in LSCC. We also employed bioinforma...
Source: Tumor Biology - September 21, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
