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Cytokines in human leptospirosis
Conclusions Having a better insight into the host immune response in leptospirosis could be the basis for immunotherapeutic targets, especially for the severe cases in which antibiotic treatment is not enough. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Papa, A., Kotrotsiou, T. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Antivenom shortage is not circumstantial but structural
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Chippaux, J.-P., Habib, A. G. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

The effect of albendazole treatment on seizure outcomes in patients with symptomatic neurocysticercosis
Conclusions Albendazole treatment may be associated with some symptomatic improvement; however, this association seems to be specific to generalized seizures. Future research is needed to identify strategies to better reduce long-term seizure burden in patients with neurocysticercosis. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Romo, M. L., Wyka, K., Carpio, A., Leslie, D., Andrews, H., Bagiella, E., Hauser, W. A., Kelvin, E. A., the Ecuadorian Neurocysticercosis Group Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

A shift in resting habitat and feeding behavior of Anopheles fluviatilis sibling species in the Keonjhar district of Odisha, India
Conclusions High density of the sibling T was found in the study site with a shift in resting habitat and blood feeding preference. GenBank submissions: KJ451071.1, KJ451072.1, KJ451073.1, KJ451074.1, KJ451432.1, KJ451433.1, KJ451434.1, KJ451435.1, KJ451428.1, KJ451429.1, KJ451430.1, KJ451431.1 (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Rath, A., Prusty, M. R., Das, M., Mahapatra, N., Tripathy, H., Hazra, R. K. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Epidemiology of HBV infection in a cohort of Ugandan HIV-infected patients and rate and pattern of lamivudine-resistant HBV infection in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
Conclusions Our study suggests that sexual transmission may represent a major mode of spread of HBV in southwest Uganda and confirms the importance of screening for HBV and of using ART regimens containing tenofovir in HIV/HBV co-infected patients. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Calisti, G., Muhindo, R., Boum, Y. 2., Wilson, L. A., Foster, G. M., Geretti, A. M., Bhagani, S. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Dengue: etiology of acute febrile illness in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, in 2011-2012
Conclusions This study suggests that dengue virus circulates in Abidjan outside an epidemic and that there should be an increase in awareness of dengue as a possible diagnosis in cases of undifferentiated fever. These results stress the importance of implementing laboratory capacity to assess dengue burden in Africa. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: L'Azou, M., Succo, T., Kamagate, M., Ouattara, A., Gilbernair, E., Adjogoua, E., Luxemburger, C. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Clinical and laboratory associations of severity in a Sri Lankan cohort of patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis: a prospective study
Conclusions Severity associations were demonstrated with both clinical and laboratory parameters. There is a need for novel biomarkers for prediction of severity in leptospirosis. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Rajapakse, S., Weeratunga, P., Niloofa, M. J. R., Fernando, N., Rodrigo, C., Maduranga, S., Fernando, N. L., de Silva, H. J., Karunanayake, L., Handunnetti, S. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Clinical case estimates of lymphatic filariasis in an endemic district of Bangladesh after a decade of mass drug administration
Conclusions Overall low prevalence of severe clinical disease was found, which has positive implications for the elimination goal. Future planning of MMDP strategies will need to address the varying clinical conditions, severity of disease and impact of ADLAs affecting different sub-groups of the population. It will also be important to monitor for new cases, and examine the shift in age distribution of cases over time. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hafiz, I., Graves, P., Haq, R., Flora, M. S., Kelly-Hope, L. A. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Neighbour-shared versus communal latrines in urban slums: a cross-sectional study in Orissa, India exploring household demographics, accessibility, privacy, use and cleanliness
Conclusions We found significant differences between neighbour-shared and communal facilities in terms of user demographics, access, facilities and cleanliness that could potentially explain differences in health. These findings highlight the need for a shared sanitation policy that focuses not just on the number of users, but also on maintenance, accessibility, cleanliness and provision of water and hand washing facilities. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Heijnen, M., Routray, P., Torondel, B., Clasen, T. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Typhoid transmission: a historical perspective on mathematical model development
Mathematical models of typhoid transmission were first developed nearly half a century ago. To facilitate a better understanding of the historical development of this field, we reviewed mathematical models of typhoid and summarized their structures and limitations. Eleven models, published in 1971 to 2014, were reviewed. While models of typhoid vaccination are well developed, we highlight the need to better incorporate water, sanitation and hygiene interventions into models of typhoid and other foodborne and waterborne diseases. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to test and compare different intervention strategies ...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bakach, I., Just, M. R., Gambhir, M., Fung, I. C.-H. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Emergence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a life-threatening tick-borne infection in Africa and Eurasia. Although knowledge of epidemiology is increasing, the global extent and risk of infection is not well described. A niche-modeling framework has been used to map the global distribution of risk for CCHF based on analysis of human CCHF reports. The new risk maps provide a valuable starting point for understanding the zoonotic niche of CCHF. Migratory birds travelling across continents may also introduce CCHF to new areas through attached ticks. There is an overlap between CCHF endemic areas and breeding and wintering grou...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Leblebicioglu, H., Ozaras, R., Erciyas-Yavuz, K. Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research

Integrating behavioral surveillance into emerging infectious disease prevention
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Miller, M. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Comparison of Kato-Katz thick-smear and McMaster egg counting method for the assessment of drug efficacy against soil-transmitted helminthiasis in school children in Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Conclusion The choice of a diagnostic method to assess drug efficacy should not be based on sensitivity and faecal egg counts only. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bekana, T., Mekonnen, Z., Zeynudin, A., Ayana, M., Getachew, M., Vercruysse, J., Levecke, B. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Molecular and culture-based diagnosis of Clostridium difficile isolates from Cote d'Ivoire after prolonged storage at disrupted cold chain conditions
Conclusions Storage conditions only minimally affect recovery of C. difficile and its toxins in stool culture. A rapid GDH screening test and subsequent transfer of GDH-positive stool samples to reference laboratories for in-depth characterisation may improve our understanding of the epidemiology of C. difficile in the tropics. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Becker, S. L., Chatigre, J. K., Coulibaly, J. T., Mertens, P., Bonfoh, B., Herrmann, M., Kuijper, E. J., N'Goran, E. K., Utzinger, J., von Muller, L. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Implementation and evaluation of an isoniazid preventive therapy pilot program among HIV-infected patients in Vietnam, 2008-2010
Conclusions IPT treatment completion was high; no serious complications occurred. Improving and expanding intensified case-finding and IPT should be considered in Vietnam. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Trinh, T. T., Han, D. T., Bloss, E., Le, T. H., Vu, T. T., Mai, A. H., Nguyen, N. V., Nguyen, L. T., Dinh, S. N., Whitehead, S. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research