Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Mapping the zoonotic niche of Marburg virus disease in Africa
Conclusions These maps can inform future contingency and preparedness strategies for MVD control, especially where secondary transmission is a risk. Coupling this risk map with patient travel histories could be used to guide the differential diagnosis of highly transmissible pathogens, enabling more rapid response to outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 20, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Pigott, D. M., Golding, N., Mylne, A., Huang, Z., Weiss, D. J., Brady, O. J., Kraemer, M. U. G., Hay, S. I. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Historical review: does stress provoke Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence?
Plasmodium falciparum, unlike P. vivax, must maintain infection in the blood/bone marrow over many months/years in order to bridge periods between transmission periods. Asymptomatic parasitemia at very low concentrations is now known to be quite common due to molecular detection methods. Old tropical medicine texts commonly list many stressful events stated to provoke recrudescent falciparum parasitemia such as fatigue, heat/chill, trauma/surgery, famine/war, transit between areas and other febrile illness. The older literature is reviewed to discover the factual basis of such varied reports since they have not been recent...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 20, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Shanks, G. D. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Assessing numbers and faces: a prerequisite for improving access to lymphatic filariasis morbidity care
Concerted efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis worldwide have registered success; multiple rounds of mass drug administration have led to the interruption of transmission in many previously endemic areas. However, the management of patients with established clinical disease (e.g., lymphoedema, hydrocoele and acute dermatolymphangioadenitis) has not been addressed sufficiently. Two recent studies from Malawi underscore the need for accurate epidemiological and clinical data, and comprehensive morbidity assessments across various domains of daily life. Addressing these issues will guide the implementation of programmes ...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 20, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Becker, S. L., Furst, T., Addiss, D. G., Utzinger, J. Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research

Sickle-cell disease: a call to action
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 20, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Piel, F. B., Weatherall, D. J. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Sympatric distribution of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri in India: implication for the diagnosis of malaria and its control
Conclusions This study highlights the need of molecular diagnosis of malaria cases in forested areas for treatment and control. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Chaturvedi, N., Bhandari, S., Bharti, P. K., Basak, S. K., Singh, M. P., Singh, N. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Evidence of Leptospira sp. infection among a diversity of African wildlife species: beyond the usual suspects
Conclusion Leptospiral surveillance is often limited to the usual suspects: rodents and domestic animals. We identify Leptospira in a wide range of African wildlife, suggesting that leptospirosis transmission and persistence may also involve hosts not normally considered. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jobbins, S. E., Alexander, K. A. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Predictors of cure among HIV co-infected multidrug-resistant TB patients at Sizwe Tropical Disease Hospital Johannesburg, South Africa
Conclusions Cure was higher in males on ART prior to initiating MDR-TB treatment compared with males on ART after initiating MDR-TB treatment. The inverse was the case among females. Therefore, future research should explore the biological and behavioural mechanisms that may possibly be responsible for this observed trend. This will help improve MDR-TB treatment outcomes in HIV co-infected patients on ART. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Umanah, T. A., Ncayiyana, J. R., Nyasulu, P. S. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Enteric pathogens of food sellers in rural Gambia with incidental finding of Myxobolus species (Protozoa: Myxozoa)
Conclusions Rare parasitoses and serovars of Salmonella enterica may occur relatively commonly in rural Africa. This paper describes intestinal pathogens found in a cohort of food sellers in such a setting. Furthermore, it describes two parasites rarely recovered from humans and demonstrates the need for methods other than microscopy to detect S. stercoralis infections. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bradbury, R. S., Barbe, B., Jacobs, J., Jallow, A. T., Camara, K. C., Colley, M., Wegmuller, R., Jassey, B., Cham, Y., Baldeh, I., Prentice, A. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Predictors of immunological failure and determinants of suboptimal CD4 testing among adults with HIV on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Andhra Pradesh, India, 2008-2011
Conclusions There was low immunological failure rate but high incidence of suboptimal CD4 testing. The ART centre staff needs to be more vigilant about 6-monthly CD4 testing for timely detection of immunological failure and appropriate case management. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Allam, R. R., Murhekar, M. V., Bhatnagar, T., Uthappa, C. K., Nalini, C., Rewari, B. B., Mehendale, S. M. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Risk factors for malaria and adverse birth outcomes in a prospective cohort of pregnant women resident in a high malaria transmission area of Papua New Guinea
Conclusions In coastal Papua New Guinea, malaria and anaemia are important causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Stanisic, D. I., Moore, K. A., Baiwog, F., Ura, A., Clapham, C., King, C. L., Siba, P. M., Beeson, J. G., Mueller, I., Fowkes, F. J., Rogerson, S. J. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Dengue on islands: a Bayesian approach to understanding the global ecology of dengue viruses
Conclusions This analysis clarified two key components of DENV ecology: minimum temperature was the most important determinant of suitability; and endemicity was more likely in areas with high precipitation and large, but not necessarily dense, populations. Wealth and connectivity, in contrast, had no discernable effects. This model adds to our knowledge of global determinants of dengue risk and provides a basis for understanding the ecology of dengue endemicity. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Feldstein, L. R., Brownstein, J. S., Brady, O. J., Hay, S. I., Johansson, M. A. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Atypical manifestations of leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is an illness with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and severe illness affects nearly all organ systems. Serious and potentially life-threatening clinical manifestations of acute leptospirosis are caused by both direct tissue invasion by spirochaetes and by the host immune responses. In its severe form, leptospirosis can cause multi-organ dysfunction and death in a matter of days. Therefore it is critical to suspect and recognize the disease early, in order to initiate timely treatment. While the classical presentation of the disease is easily recognized by experienced clinicians practising in endem...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Rajapakse, S., Rodrigo, C., Balaji, K., Fernando, S. D. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Evolution of insecticide resistance diagnostics in malaria vectors
Malaria control is reliant upon effective, programmatic-scale, anti-vector interventions. The widespread distribution of pyrethroid-treated bednets in sub-Saharan Africa has been a driver of morbidity and mortality reductions over the last decade. Unfortunately resistance to insecticides, and to pyrethroids in particular, is increasingly common in Anopheles malaria vectors, and is a major threat to continued control and future elimination. Here we argue that current methods to diagnose resistance often have limited utility and should be augmented or even partially replaced by wider application of DNA markers. (Source: Tran...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Weetman, D., Donnelly, M. J. Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research

What significance do helminths species-complexes have for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human infections?
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - April 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Sithithaworn, P., Petney, T. N., Andrews, R. H. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

BCG-associated heterologous immunity, a historical perspective: intervention studies in animal models of infectious diseases
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 13, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Freyne, B., Marchant, A., Curtis, N. Tags: CORRIGENDUM Source Type: research