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An intervention of active TB case finding among smokers attending routine primary care facilities in China: an exploratory study
Conclusions Active case finding among smokers with high risks of TB was feasible and contributed to improved notification rates. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Wei, X., Zou, G., Chong, M. K., Xu, L. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

The potential for the establishment of new arbovirus transmission cycles in Europe
Mosquito-borne viruses are an increasing health threat to humans, and potentially other vertebrates, in areas where they have not previously existed or from which they had been eradicated. Chikungunya virus emergence exemplifies how multiple factors can act synergistically resulting in rapid, large-scale redistribution and establishment. Despite our increased capacity to collect and analyze large amounts of data, we still lack epidemiological models to facilitate accurate predictions of when and where new diseases may occur. Models focusing on climate changes may have long-term value; however, there is an urgent need for m...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Higgs, S., Vanlandingham, D. L. Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Asia: lessons gleaned from the South Korean outbreak
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 18, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Lim, P. L. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Absence of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates with intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Conclusions Our study adds to the current knowledge of world-wide reports of multidrug resistance in S. Typhi. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Misra, R., Prasad, K. N., Amrin, N., Kapoor, P., Singh, S., Ghar, M. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

C-reactive protein in children with malaria in Luanda, Angola: a prospective study
Conclusion C-reactive protein increases in malaria and correlates with parasitemia and some manifestations of complicated disease. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Pelkonen, T., Albino, A., Roine, I., Bernardino, L., Peltola, H. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

A limited TB intervention in remote Taiwan: observations 10 years later
Conclusions Although encouraging, a more robust study is needed to reasonably attribute the persistence of this significantly lower TB rate to this brief intensive intervention. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bowerman, R. J., Lin, M.-C., Huang, P.-C. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

An investigation of the disparity in estimates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in lymphatic filariasis surveys
Conclusions In some settings there was a very large disparity, up to 40–70%, between estimates of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia. Regression analysis was unable to identify any predictable relationship between the two measures. The implications of findings for risk mapping and surveillance of LF are discussed. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Cano, J., Moraga, P., Nikolay, B., Rebollo, M. P., Okorie, P. N., Davies, E., Njenga, S. M., Bockarie, M. J., Brooker, S. J. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype III clinical isolates in northeast India
Conclusions This study showed that a pathogenic GIII JEV strain was circulating in the northeastern region of India. This finding is important as it is contrary to the belief that GI is gradually replacing GIII as the dominant genotype in Asia. GenBank accession numbers: HQ270470, JQ434468, HQ246155, JX018170. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Khan, S. A., Borah, J., Chowdhury, P., Dutta, P., Mahanta, J. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Spatial patterns and determinants of malaria infection during pregnancy in Zambia
Conclusions Mapping the distribution of MiP to track the future requirements for scaling up essential disease-prevention efforts in stable hotspots can help the Zambian National Malaria Control Center to further develop strategies to reduce malaria prevalence in this vulnerable sub-population. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kamuliwo, M., Kirk, K. E., Chanda, E., Elbadry, M. A., Lubinda, J., Weppelmann, T. A., Mukonka, V. M., Zhang, W., Mushinge, G., Mwanza-Ingwe, M., Haque, U. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

The global distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Conclusions These new risk maps provide a valuable starting point for understanding the zoonotic niche of CCHF, its extent and the risk it poses to humans. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Messina, J. P., Pigott, D. M., Golding, N., Duda, K. A., Brownstein, J. S., Weiss, D. J., Gibson, H., Robinson, T. P., Gilbert, M., William Wint, G. R., Nuttall, P. A., Gething, P. W., Myers, M. F., George, D. B., Hay, S. I. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from two paediatric cohort studies in Lima, Peru
Conclusions ETEC from Peruvian children are often resistant to older, inexpensive antibiotics, while remaining susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins and furazolidone. Fluoroquinolones and azithromycin remain the drugs of choice for ETEC infections in Peru. However, further development of resistance should be closely monitored. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Medina, A. M., Rivera, F. P., Pons, M. J., Riveros, M., Gomes, C., Bernal, M., Meza, R., Maves, R. C., Huicho, L., Chea-Woo, E., Lanata, C. F., Gil, A. I., Ochoa, T. J., Ruiz, J. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Mapping the zoonotic niche of Lassa fever in Africa
Conclusions These maps act as a spatial guide for future surveillance activities to better characterise the geographical distribution of the disease and understand the anthropological, virological and zoological interactions necessary for viral transmission. Combining this zoonotic niche map with detailed patient travel histories can aid differential diagnoses of febrile illnesses, enabling a more rapid response in providing care and reducing the risk of onward transmission. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mylne, A. Q. N., Pigott, D. M., Longbottom, J., Shearer, F., Duda, K. A., Messina, J. P., Weiss, D. J., Moyes, C. L., Golding, N., Hay, S. I. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

The West African Ebola outbreak: finishing the job, preparing for future
As the West African Ebola Outbreak moves towards the final stages, we must consider the importance of remaining work and take heed of lessons learned in preparation for future outbreaks. Several issues pertinent to preparedness must be considered, including the remaining animal reservoir and potential for sexual transmission. Testing must be accessible and contact tracing robust to trace the last patient. Improved infection control procedures alongside education and training require guaranteed supply chains and ongoing funding. Effort must be sustained to prevent an even greater catastrophe than the one inflicted on West A...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 14, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Parsons, C., Naeem Ahmad, U. Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research

MLVA-typing on Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolated from meningitis cases in Niger before the introduction of PCV-13 revealed a low genetic diversity
Conclusions MLVA-typing revealed a low genetic diversity among pneumococci serotype 1 from meningitis cases in Niger in the pre-vaccination era. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 11, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Alio Sanda, A., Granger Farbos, A., Hamidou, A. A., Vonaesch, P., Jusot, J.-F., Koeck, J.-L., Collard, J.-M. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Higher sensitivity of immunohistochemistry for bona fide diagnosis of dog Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis-driven American tegumentary leishmaniasis: description of an optimized immunohistochemistry method
Conclusions In view of the higher sensitivity of IHC in detecting Leishmania sp. antigen and patterns of positivity for Leishmania sp. antigen compared to histopathology or cytopathology and the absence of cross-reactions with sporotrichosis, we recommend this technique for the diagnosis of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 11, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Barbieri dos Santos, I., Tortelly, R., Pereira Quintella, L., de Fatima Madeira, M., Helena Monteiro de Miranda, L., Borges Figueiredo, F., Carvalhaes de Oliveira, R. d. V., Maria Pacheco Schubach, T. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research