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An update on human echinostomiasis
Echinostomiasis, caused by trematodes belonging to the family Echinostomatidae, is an important intestinal foodborne parasitic disease. Humans become infected after ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked molluscs, fish, crustaceans and amphibians, thus, understanding eating habits is essential to determine the distribution of the disease. Despite the public health impact of echinostomiasis, it has been neglected for years. Traditionally, echinostomiasis has been considered as a minor disease confined to low-income areas, mainly in Asia. However, the geographical boundaries and the population at risk are currently expand...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Toledo, R., Esteban, J. G. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus: biology, epidemiology and carcinogenic potential
The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is a member of the triad of epidemiologically important liver fluke species belonging to the family Opisthorchiidae and the major agent causing opisthorchiasis over a vast territory, covering Russia, Kazakhstan and several European countries. The similarity between the diseases caused by O. felineus and other liver flukes, O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, in clinical manifestations and course suggests that the scenarios of their development and, possibly, complications have much in common. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified O. viverrini and C. sinensis as g...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Pakharukova, M. Y., Mordvinov, V. A. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in China
The oriental liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, a pathogen causing clonorchiasis, is of major socio-economic importance in East Asia, including China, Korea and Vietnam. This parasite is now recognized as a biocarcinogen strongly linked to cholangiocarcinoma in humans. Here, we describe the status of clonorchiasis in China, where it has been estimated that more than 15 million patients are affected. This paper also summarizes the major advances in the field of clonorchiasis research during last decade, including diagnosis techniques, pathogenesis and genome/transcriptome/proteome studies in the last years. We strongly hope ...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Lai, D.-H., Hong, X.-K., Su, B.-X., Liang, C., Hide, G., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Lun, Z.-R. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis spp. in Vietnam: current status and prospects
Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini are clinically important small liver flukes because of their known association with development of cholangiocarcinoma. In Vietnam, high prevalence of C. sinensis infection in humans was previously reported in northern provinces, and O. viverrini infection has been detected in several central provinces. However, diagnosis of C. sinensis and O. viverrini infections in the past was merely based on faecal egg examination. This method alone can lead to misidentification at the species level because of morphological similarity between the eggs of these liver flukes and minute intest...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Doanh, P. N., Nawa, Y. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

Gene diversity and genetic variation in lung flukes (genus Paragonimus)
Paragonimiasis caused by lung flukes (genus Paragonimus) is a neglected disease occurring in Asia, Africa and the Americas. The genus is species-rich, ancient and widespread. Genetic diversity is likely to be considerable, but investigation of this remains confined to a few populations of a few species. In recent years, studies of genetic diversity have moved from isoenzyme analysis to molecular phylogenetic analysis based on selected DNA sequences. The former offered better resolution of questions relating to allelic diversity and gene flow, whereas the latter is more suitable for questions relating to molecular taxonomy ...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Blair, D., Nawa, Y., Mitreva, M., Doanh, P. N. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

The importance of recognising parasite cryptic diversity for research programmes on foodborne trematodiases
The development of molecular tools in the last two decades enhanced our capacity to accurately describe biodiversity on Earth. Analysis of molecular data may lead to the discovery of cryptic species (morphologically indistinguishable, genetically distinct species lineages). As cryptic species are discovered with increasing frequency among parasites, we must consider their potential implications, especially for the epidemiology, diagnostics and control of parasitic diseases that affect humans. Investigators that conduct research on different aspects of infectious diseases, for example, on foodborne trematodiases, must remai...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Perez-Ponce de Leon, G., Nadler, S. A. Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research

Foodborne trematodes: a diverse and challenging group of neglected parasites
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - January 6, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Petney, T. N., Sithithaworn, P., Andrews, R. H., Webster, J. P. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Thank you to our Authors and Reviewers of 2015
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Tags: THANK YOU Source Type: research

Cost-effectiveness analysis of parenteral antimicrobials for acute melioidosis in Thailand
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hantrakun, V., Chierakul, W., Chetchotisakd, P., Anunnatsiri, S., Currie, B. J., Peacock, S. J., Day, N. P. J., Cheah, P. Y., Limmathurotsakul, D., Lubell, Y. Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research

Estimating the burden of disease and the economic cost attributable to chikungunya, Colombia, 2014
Conclusions Our estimates raise concerns about the effects of continued CHIK spread in Colombia and other Latin-American countries. The lack of transmission control for this disease and potential for spread means that there will be significant acute and chronic disability and related costs in the short and long term for Latin American health care systems. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Cardona-Ospina, J. A., Villamil-Gomez, W. E., Jimenez-Canizales, C. E., Castaneda-Hernandez, D. M., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

A randomized controlled study comparing community based with health facility based direct observation of treatment models on patients' satisfaction and TB treatment outcome in Nigeria
Conclusions CBDOT is a cost effective approach associated with better compliance to treatment and better patient satisfaction compared to HBDOT. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Adewole, O. O., Oladele, T., Osunkoya, A. H., Erhabor, G. E., Adewole, T. O., Adeola, O., Obembe, O., Ota, M. O. C. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Persistent dengue emergence: the 7 years surrounding the 2010 epidemic in Nepal
Conclusions The study offers perspective on the dengue fever burden before, during and after a major epidemic and can now be used as a basis for formulating strategies by policy makers that will enhance and develop relevant control and preventive measures against dengue fever. The findings of this study reinforce the perceived need for urgent dengue virus surveillance to enhance dengue control strategies that need to be developed for future preparedness. In the light of the recent earthquakes, future major outbreaks of vector borne disease are likely to recur. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Pandey, B. D., Pandey, K., Neupane, B., Shah, Y., Adhikary, K. P., Gautam, I., Hagge, D. A., Morita, K. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Prevalence of virulence factors and phylogenetic characterization of uropathogenic Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Conclusions This study demonstrates that there may not be a differential selection of virulence properties of UPEC causing UTI in patients with DM and in the general population. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Harwalkar, A., Gupta, S., Rao, A., Srinivasa, H. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Prevalence of drug resistant TB among outpatients at an HIV/TB clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi
Conclusions MDR-TB prevalence is low among outpatients initiating TB treatment in Lilongwe. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Barnett, B., Gokhale, R. H., Krysiak, R., Kanyemba, C., Chikaonda, T., Bokosi, M., Mukuzunga, C., Saidi, F., Phiri, S., Hoffman, I. F., Hosseinipour, M. C. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Malaria control at a gold mine in Sadiola District, Mali, and impact on transmission over 10 years
Conclusions Resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin has increased in An. gambiae s.s. since 2011, possibly due to the scale-up in distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets. Resistance management strategies are recommended using different classes of insecticides for IRS, and including the distribution of new-generation bed nets. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Wragge, S.-E., Toure, D., Coetzee, M., Gilbert, A., Christian, R., Segoea, G., Hunt, R. H., Coetzee, M. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research