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Diagnosis delay and duration of hospitalisation of patients with Buruli ulcer in Nigeria
Conclusions Patients with Buruli ulcer have very long time delays to diagnosis and long hospitalisation during treatment. This calls for early case-finding and improved access to Buruli ulcer services in Nigeria. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Meka, A. O., Chukwu, J. N., Nwafor, C. C., Oshi, D. C., Madichie, N. O., Ekeke, N., Anyim, M. C., Alphonsus, C., Mbah, O., Uzoukwa, G. C., Njoku, M., Ntana, K., Ukwaja, K. N. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Biomedical technologies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV for adolescent girls and young women
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Narasimhan, M., Vermund, S. H., Ogilvie, G. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Hepatitis C treatment outcomes using interferon- and ribavirin-based therapy in Kigali, Rwanda
Conclusions There were 69 evaluable patients. HCV genotype 4(61%, 42/69) predominated. 24-week SVR was 70%(26/37) by per-protocol and 32%(26/69) by intention-to-treat analysis. HCV treatment in Rwanda is feasible. SVR with interferon/ribavirin was acceptable in the per-protocol analysis. Transition to newer direct acting antivirals is urgently needed in Rwanda and sub-Saharan Africa more generally to improve treatment outcomes. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Riedel, D. J., Taylor, S., Simango, R., Kiromera, A., Sebeza, J., Baribwira, C., Musabeyezu, E. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

Seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in Northeast India
Conclusions Our findings confirm wide circulation of rickettsial infections and their probable vectors in the northeast region of India. Accession numbers: KU163367, KU163368, KU499847, KU499848 (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Khan, S. A., Bora, T., Chattopadhyay, S., Jiang, J., Richards, A. L., Dutta, P. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effect of recombinant malarial antigen on monocyte functionality
Conclusions These antigens may modulate the monocyte functionality and hence may not have desired therapeutic effect. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Saha, A., Chauhan, S., Bagchi, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and sequence analysis of DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Conclusions There is a need to urgently review the use of fluoroquinolones for the management of enteric fever in endemic areas. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Misra, R., Thakare, R., Amrin, N., Prasad, K. N., Chopra, S., Dhole, T. N. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cost-effectiveness analysis of diagnostic tests for human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil
Conclusions These results highlight the need for the revision of algorithm for VL diagnostic in Brazil. Replacements of IFAT with DAT-LPC, Kalazar Detect with IT LEISH and bone marrow aspirate performed in a hospital setting with PCR are cost-effective public health measures. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Machado de Assis, T. S., Azeredo-da-Silva, A. L. F., Werneck, G. L., Rabello, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Geographical and temporal trends in imported infections from the tropics requiring inpatient care at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London - a 15 year study
Conclusions Most of those arriving from sub-Saharan Africa with an illness requiring admission have a classical tropical infection, and malaria still predominates. In contrast, fewer patients who travelled to Asia have a tropical diagnosis but enteric fever and dengue remain relatively common. Those visiting friends and relatives are most likely to have a tropical infection. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Marks, M., Armstrong, M., Whitty, C. J. M., Doherty, J. F. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Predictors of in-hospital mortality and length of stay in community-acquired pneumonia: a 5-year multi-centre case control study of adults in a developing country
Conclusions Several modifiable patient-related and process-of-care factors predicted in-hospital mortality, and length of hospital stay among survivors. Our findings should be used to improve CAP outcomes in developing countries. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Iroezindu, M. O., Isiguzo, G. C., Chima, E. I., Mbata, G. C., Onyedibe, K. I., Onyedum, C. C., John-Maduagwu, O. J., Okoli, L. E., Young, E. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Xpert MTB/RIF - why the lack of morbidity and mortality impact in intervention trials?
Compared with smear microscopy, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert), with superior accuracy and capacity to diagnose rifampicin resistance, has advanced TB diagnostic capability. However, recent trials of Xpert impact have not demonstrated reductions in patient morbidity and mortality. We conducted a narrative review of Xpert impact trials to summarize which patient-relevant outcomes Xpert has improved and explore reasons for no observed morbidity or mortality reductions. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Embase and identified eight trials meeting inclusion criteria: three individually randomized, three ...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Auld, A. F., Fielding, K. L., Gupta-Wright, A., Lawn, S. D. Tags: Review Source Type: research

The global challenge and future strategies for keeping the world's aging population healthy by vaccination
(Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 22, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Steeper, M., Plebanski, M., Flanagan, K. L. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections in schoolchildren in north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Conclusions S. mansoni and STH infections are highly endemic in the surveyed part of the DRC, calling for interventions in school-aged children. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 4, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Knoblauch, A. M., Archer, C., Owuor, M., Schmidlin, S., Divall, M. J., Utzinger, J., Winkler, M. S. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

B1c genetic subtype of coxsackievirus A16 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Andaman Islands, India
Conclusion Extended research work should be carried out to better understand the emerging nature of CV A16 associated with HFMD in these islands. GenBank accession numbers: KU523376-KU523387. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 4, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Palani, S., Nagarajan, M., Biswas, A. K., Maile, A., Paluru, V. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of clinical origin from the pediatric population in Pakistan
Conclusions Non-typeable EPEC strains were frequently observed. ESBL production in ESBL producers was found to be plasmid mediated. No significant association of antibiotic resistance profile with specific phylogroup of EPEC was found, however G. mellonella infection model differentiated representative phylotypes. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 4, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Younas, M., Siddiqui, F., Noreen, Z., Bokhari, S. S., Gomez-Duarte, O. G., Wren, B. W., Bokhari, H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Natural transovarial and transstadial transmission of Leishmania infantum by naïve Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks blood feeding on an endemically infected dog in Shiraz, south of Iran
Conclusions The natural transovarial and transstadial passage of kDNA through ticks was shown by PCR. (Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 4, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Dabaghmanesh, T., Asgari, Q., Moemenbellah-Fard, M. D., Soltani, A., Azizi, K. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research