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Antispasmodic activity from Serjania caracasana fractions and their safety
Abstract In a previous study, we reported the antispasmodic and gastroprotective effects of the Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd., Sapindaceae, extract. In the present study, we evaluated the LD50, hemolytic and antispasmodic activities of its fractions and characterized its major constituents by isolation and GC – MS. The animals showed non-toxic symptoms with oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg, suggesting a safe oral administration. Furthermore, a low hemolytic activity was detected for the saponin fraction. Antispasmodic activity of the fractions was evaluated through carbachol-induced contractions in rat ileum. The hexane ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Polysaccharide rich fractions from barks of Ximenia americana inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception in mice Antinociceptive effect of Ximenia americana polysaccharide rich fractions
In conclusion, polysaccharides rich fractions of X. americana barks inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception, being well tolerated by animals. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical analysis of extracts from Trifolium riograndense
In conclusion, chemica l analyses showed that Trifolium riograndense is a plant rich in isoflavones and a new interesting option as isoflavone source. The results of the biological tests taken together show that the extract of T. riograndense has anti-inflammatory effect in rodents. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antiproliferative effect of Momordica cochinchinensis seeds on human lung cancer cells and isolation of the major constituents
In this study, we found that its ethanol extract reduced cell proliferation in four human lung cancer cell lines, A549, H1264, H1299 and Calu-6. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract was carried out, and resulted in isolation of two major saponins, which were identified as gypsogenin 3-O- β -d-galactopyranosyl(1 → 2)-[ α -l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 3)]- β -d-glucuronopyranoside (1) and quillaic acid 3-O- β -d-galactopyranosyl(1 → 2)-[ α -l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 3)]- β -d-glucuronopyranoside (2). Treatment with these isolated compounds (1 and 2) decreased cel1 proliferation in all human lung cancer c...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Bee venom induces apoptosis and suppresses matrix metaloprotease-2 expression in human glioblastoma cells
Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor representing with poor prognosis, therapy resistance and high metastasis rate. Increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2, a member of matrix metalloproteinase family proteins, has been reported in many cancers including glioblastoma. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression has resulted in reduced aggression of glioblastoma tumors in several reports. In the present study, we evaluated effect of bee venom on expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 as well as potential toxicity and apoptogenic properties of bee venom...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Induction of apoptosis by Moutan Cortex Radicis in human gastric cancer cells through the activation of caspases and the AMPK signaling pathway
Abstract Moutan Cortex Radicis, the root bark of Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews, Paeoniaceae, has been widely used in traditional medicine therapy. Although it has been shown to possess many pharmacological activities, the molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer activity have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apop totic effects of the ethanol extract of Moutan Cortex Radicis in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Moutan Cortex Radicis treatment inhibited the cell viability of AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with apoptotic cell death. Moutan Cortex Ra...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A cytotoxic Petiveria alliacea dry extract induces ATP depletion and decreases β-F1-ATPase expression in breast cancer cells and promotes survival in tumor-bearing mice
Abstract Metabolic plasticity in cancer cells assures cell survival and cell proliferation under variable levels of oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, new anticancer treatments endeavor to target such plasticity by modifying main metabolic pathways as glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. In American traditional medicine Petiveria alliacea L., Phytolaccacea, leaf extracts have been used for leukemia and breast cancer treatments. Herein, we study cytotoxicity and antitumoral effects of P. alliacea extract in tumor/non-tumorigenic cell lines and murine breast cancer model. Breast cancer cells treated with P. alliacea dry ex...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cytotoxic activity of the chloroform extract and four diterpenes isolated from Salvia ballotiflora
Abstract New compounds with chemotherapeutic activity are sought after, and plants are an important source of these compounds. Four diterpenes, 19-deoxyicetexone, 7,20-dihydroanastomosine, icetexone and 19-deoxyisoicetexone, were isolated from the hexane-washed chloroform extract of Salvia ballotiflora. The cytotoxic activity of the hexane-washed chloroform extract and its four diterpenes were tested using the MTT assay against three tumor cell lines: HeLa (cervical cancer), A549 (lung cancer) and MCF7 (breast cancer), and two murine cell line: J774A.1 (epithelial cancer) and CT26 (colon cancer), and their IC50 values were...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Isolation of quinoline alkaloids from three Choisya species by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the determination of their antioxidant capacity
Abstract Choisya ternata Kunth, C. ternata var. sundance Kunth and the hybrid Choisya ‘ Aztec-Pearl ’ are three related species belonging to the Rutaceae family. Ethanol extracts were prepared from the leaves of these three species and evaluated in relation to their antioxidant activity using in vitro and ex vivo models. The ethanol extracts belonging to the three species produced a very high antioxidant profile as evidenced by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, the determination of total phenolics and flavonoid equivalent. The generation of reactive species of oxygen in leukocytes stimulated with LPS was dramatica...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Distribution of phytoestrogenic diarylheptanoids and sesquiterpenoids components in Curcuma comosa rhizomes and its related species
This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of different Curcuma spp. that used as "Wan Chak Mod Loog". Characteristic major compounds were isolated and identified. Phytochemical analysis of 45 Curcuma samples representing Curcuma sp., C. latifolia, and C. comosa were analyzed and compared with their phylogenetic relationship inferred by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis. Phytoestrogen diarylheptanoids were found in all samples of C. comosa while sesquiterpenoids including hepatoxic zederone were found in C. latifolia and Curcuma sp. samples. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anatomy and histochemistry of leaves and stems of Sapium glandulosum
Abstract Sapium belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and comprises 23 species. Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong is popularly known in Brazil as "pau-leiteiro" and "leitosinha" and it is used in traditional medicine to cicatrisation. Its leaf extracts have shown analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The preliminary set of pharmacognostic tools used for quality assessment of medicinal plant parts is macro- and micro-anatomy and S. glandulosum has not anatomical and histochemical description. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical and histochemical characteristics of the leaf and stem of S....
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Botanical and genetic characters of Erythrina × neillii cultivated in Egypt
Abstract Erythrina × neillii Mabberley& Lorence, Fabaceae, is a sterile hybrid between E. herbacea L. and E. humeana Spreng. Nothing was traced about its genetic, macro and micromorphology. Therefore, it was deemed of interest to study its botanical characters, in addition to the DNA fingerprint to help in the identification of the plant. The anatomical characters of the old stem and its bark are characterized by the presence of cork cells, bast fibers and sclereids. Pericycle is sclerenchymatous forming crystal sheath. The epidermises of the leaf and young stem are characterized by the presence of anomocytic and para...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - June 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Erratum in "Cissampelos sympodialis has anti-viral effect inhibiting dengue non-structural viral protein-1 and pro-inflammatory mediators" [Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 26 (2016) 502–506]
ABSTRACT Medicinal plants play an important role in human health care. It is estimated that about 25 – 30% of all drugs are evaluated as therapeutic agents derived from natural products. Research in the pharmaceutical industry has demonstrated that for complex diseases, natural products still represent a valuable source for the production of new chemical compounds, since they possess privileged structures. Among Brazilian biodiversity, "catuaba" is popularly used as a tonic to treat fatigue, stress, impotence, memory deficits, and digestive disorders. Studies show antibacterial, trypanocidal, antioxidant, antiarrhythmic,...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 28, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Trichilia catigua: therapeutic and cosmetic values
ABSTRACT Medicinal plants play an important role in human health care. It is estimated that about 25 – 30% of all drugs are evaluated as therapeutic agents derived from natural products. Research in the pharmaceutical industry has demonstrated that for complex diseases, natural products still represent a valuable source for the production of new chemical compounds, since they possess privileged structures. Among Brazilian biodiversity, "catuaba" is popularly used as a tonic to treat fatigue, stress, impotence, memory deficits, and digestive disorders. Studies show antibacterial, trypanocidal, antioxidant, antiarrhythmic,...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 28, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of four compounds produced by an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum associated with Entada abyssinica
ABSTRACT Four compounds including beauvericin, parahydroxybenzaldehyde, indole-3-carboxylic acid and quinizarin were isolated from endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum and their cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Beauvericin had remarkable activity against two Gram-negative strains (Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhimurium) with respective MIC values of 3.12 and 6.25 µg/ml. All the compounds had weak cytotoxic effect on both normal and tumor cells. LC50 values ranged from 40.42 to 86.56 µg/ml, 31.87 to 86.57 µg/ml and 21.59 to 67.27 µg/ml on Vero cells, THP-1 and RAW 264.7 respectively...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - April 28, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research