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Yeast extract elicitation increases vinblastine and vincristine yield in protoplast derived tissues and plantlets in Catharanthus roseus
In this study, the yeast extract elicitation on vinblastine and vincristine was studied in various protoplast derived tissues and plantlets. Four different yeast extract treatments (T1 = 0.5 g/l, T2 = 1.0 g/l, T3 = 1.5 g/l and T4 = 2.0 g/l) were prepared and used. The alkaloid was quantified and a comparative account of yield were presented by the use of High performance thin layer chromatography. The yeast extract amendment in medium improved vinblastine and vincristine yield in cultivating tissues, maximum being in germinating embryos and in in vitro raised leaf. The highest yield was in T3 (1.5 mg/l) in which 22.74% vin...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - November 17, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anatomical characterization of ultra-structures, biominerals and histolocalization of metabolites in leaves of Genipa americana
Abstract Inserted in one of the largest families among the Angiosperms, Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae, can be found in all Brazilian territory, presenting great medicinal importance, where several uses have been attributed. In view of this, this work has the purpose of analyzing the ultrastructural, biomineral, phytochemical and histochemical characteristics of the leaves of this native species from Brazil. For this, light microscopy, polarization and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used with X-ray scattering energy, associated to chromatographic and histochemical tests. The anatomical ultrastructural charact...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - November 17, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pharmacological potential of Maytenus species and isolated constituents, especially tingenone, for treatment of painful inflammatory diseases
ABSTRACT Uses of medicinal plants by people around the world significantly contribute and guide biologically active compounds research that can be useful in the combat against various diseases. Due to a great chemical and structural variety found in their vegetal structures it consolidates ethnopharmacology as an important science for the pharmaceutical section. Inserted in the diversity of medicinal plants, is the Maytenus genus, whose research has already revealed lots of isolated substances which are responsible for a great variety of biological activities, among which we cite analgesic and anti-inflammatory, for the tr...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus nomius ASR3, a pathogen isolated from the leaf-cutter ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa
ABSTRACT Aspergillus spp. cause economic impacts due to aflatoxins production. Although the toxicity of aflatoxins is already known, little information about their ecological roles is available. Here we investigated the compounds produced by Aspergillus nomius ASR3 directly from a dead leaf-cutter queen ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa and the fungal axenic culture. Chemical analyses were carried out by high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 were detected in both the axenic culture and in the dead leaf-cutter queen ant. The presence of these mycotoxins in the dead leaf-c...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

In vitro callogenesis of Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira)
ABSTRACT This work describes the establishment of procedures to induce in vitro callogenesis from Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, Fabaceae, explants. Nodal, internodal and leaf segments were isolated from in vitro germinated seedlings and cultured in MS medium with 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg l-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 30 days, the explants with induced callus showed a quadratic response for the segments nodal, internodal and leaf, with increasing the callus formation in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentrations of 6.28, 6.49 and 4.91 mg l-1, respectively. In 30 days there was a linear oxidatio...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Box–Behnken experimental design for extraction of artemisinin from Artemisia annua and validation of the assay method
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the extraction parameters (ethanol graduation, previous shaking time in an ultrasound bath and drug/solvent ratio) on the yield of artemisinin in the liquid extract obtained by percolation from A. annua and then optimize the extraction efficiency of this compound. The Box – Behnken (33) factorial design was used in association with response surface methodology. The derivatization reaction of artemisinin was used in an analytical method which was submitted to validation, after reaching the specification of the selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robust...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Turbo-extraction of glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana using a fractional factorial design
ABSTRACT Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, Asteraceae, leaf extract has recently called the attention of food industry as a proposal for natural sweetener. The sweet flavor is attributed to the glycosides, in especial stevioside and rebaudioside A, which are the plant main chemical markers. The aim of the work reported here was to optimize the turbo-extraction of stevia leaves using water, ethanol 70% and 90% (w/w) as green solvents. A 25-2 factorial design was applied to study the linear effects of the drug size, solvent to drug ratio, temperature, time and also the turbolysis speed on the extraction of glycosides. The...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Development and validation of a stability indicating method for quantification of the sesquiterpene lactone eremantholide C from Lychnophora trichocarpha (Brazilian arnica)
ABSTRACT Pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperuricemic, anti-gouty arthritis, antitumor and trypanocidal activities of the aerial parts from Lychnophora trichocarpha (Spreng.) Spreng. ex Sch.Bip., Asteraceae (Brazilian arnica) have already been proved. Eremantholide C is a sesquiterpene lactone and one of the active chemical constituents responsible for these activities presented by L. trichocarpha. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a stability indicating HPLC method for eremantholide C. Eremantholide C stability was evaluated in L. trichocarpha ethanolic extract and in its i...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory action of ethanolic extract and clerodane diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris
In conclusion, the ethanolic extract from C. sylvestris, its enriched fraction of clerodane diterpenes, casearin B and caseargrewiin F exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on in vivo models in rats. Casearin-like clerodane diterpenes may be considered active chemical markers for C. sylvestris leaves. On the other hand, these diterpenes are promising compounds in the development of new drugs with anti-inflammatory action without gastric side effects. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Comparative study of the hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic effects of four agro-waste Citrus peels cultivars and their HPLC standardization
This study was aimed to explore the hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic activities of four varieties of citrus peels agrowastes, to isolate the main flavonoids in the active fractions and to quantify them by HPLC method for nutraceutical purposes. All the tested samples of the agro-waste Citrus fruits peels showed significant decrease in cholesterol, triacylglyceride and glucose. The most decrease in cholesterol level was observed by mandarin peels aqueous homogenate and its hexane fraction (59.3% and 56.8%, respectively) reaching the same effect as the reference drug used (54.7%). Mostly, all samples decrease triacylglyceri...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

α-Glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and glucose uptake stimulatory effect of phenolic compounds from Dendrobium formosum
This study is the first report on the phytochemical constituents and anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activities of D. formosum. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cytotoxic diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia lachnocalyx
In conclusion, compounds 2 and 3 are presented as compounds that deserve further investigation of their biological activities. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Maytenus distichophylla and Salacia crassifolia: source of products with potential acetylcholinesterase inhibition
ABSTRACT The phytochemical study of the extract leaves from Maytenus distichophylla Mart. and Salacia crassifolia (Mart. ex Schult.) G. Don, Celastraceae, resulted in the isolation of 3-oxofriedelane, 3 β -hydroxyfriedelane, 3 β ,24-dihydroxyfriedelane, 3-oxo-28,29-dihydroxyfriedelane, two mixtures of pentacyclic triterpenes ( α -amyrin with β -amyrin and 3 β -stearyloxy-urs-12-ene with 3 β -stearyloxy-olean-12-ene), 3 β -palmityloxy-urs-12-ene, the steroid β -sitosterol and its glycosylated derivative β -glucosyl- β -sitosterol, tritriacontanoic acid and the natural polymer gutta percha. The chemical structures ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Impact of light quality on flavonoid production and growth of Hyptis marrubioides seedlings cultivated in vitro
ABSTRACT Hyptis marrubioides Epling, Lamiaceae, a species from Brazilian Cerrado, has been used against gastrointestinal infections, skin infections, pain, and cramps. Herein, H. marrubioides seedlings were cultured in vitro under different wavelengths (white, blue, green, red, and yellow) with 50 µmol m-2 s-1 irradiance and a 16-h photoperiod. After 20 and 30 days of cultivation, shoot length, leaf number, fresh mass, and dry mass were evaluated. The flavonoid rutin content was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The shoots were longer in plants cultivated under yellow (16.603 ± 0.790 cm, 1 .8-fold), red (15.465 ± 0.461...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Determination of phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and anti-inflammatory activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from leaves of Eugenia brasiliensis
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic profile of the crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from E. brasiliensis leaves. Crude hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in comparison to standard phenolic compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (1, 10 and 25 mg kg-1) and the ethyl acetate fraction (10, 25 and 50 mg kg-1) was evaluated in a swiss mouse model of acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan, being the total cell count, exudation and analysis of nitrite/nitrate the inflammation parameters. H...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - September 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research