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Higher baseline expression of the PTGS2 gene and greater decreases in total colonic fatty acid content predict greater increases in colonic prostaglandin-E2 concentrations after dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids
This study evaluated whether mRNA expression of major genes regulating formation of prostaglandin (PG)E2 in the colon and colonic fatty acid concentrations are associated with the reduction in colonic mucosal PGE2 after dietary supplementation with omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids. Supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids was done for 12 weeks using personalized dosing that was expected to reduce colonic PGE2 by 50%. In stepwise linear regression models, the ω-3 fatty acid dose and subject BMI explained 16.1% of the inter-individual variability in the fold change of colonic PGE2 post-supplementation. Increases in mRNA gene express...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - November 3, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: November 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Volume 138Author(s): (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - November 2, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Omega-6 fatty acids, inflammation and cardiometabolic health: Overview of supplementary issue
Publication date: December 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Volume 139Author(s): Martha A. Belury, Bill Harris (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 28, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Health – Overview of Supplementary Issue
Publication date: Available online 20 October 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Martha A. Belury, Bill Harris (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 21, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

5-lipoxygenase-dependent biosynthesis of novel 20:4 n-3 metabolites with anti-inflammatory activity
In this study, control and 5-LO-expressing HEK293 cells were stimulated in the presence of 20:4 n-3. Metabolites were characterized by LC-MS/MS and their anti-inflammatory properties assessed using AA-induced autocrine neutrophil stimulation and leukotriene B4-mediated chemotaxis. 8-hydroxy-9,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (Δ17-8-HETE) and 8,15-dihydroxy-9,11,13,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (Δ17-8,15-diHETE) were identified as novel metabolites. Δ17-8,15-diHETE production was inhibited by the leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor SC 57461A. Autocrine neutrophil leukotriene stimulation and neutrophil chemotaxis, both BLT1-depen...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 16, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Non-polar lipid carbonyls of thermally oxidized coconut oil induce hepatotoxicity mediated by redox imbalance
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Arunaksharan Narayanankutty, Anu Anil, Soorya Parathodi Illam, Sruthi Panniyan Kandiyil, Achuthan C. RaghavamenonAbstractThermal oxidation products of edible oils including aldehydes, peroxides and polymerized triglycerides formed during the cooking process is increasingly debated as contributory to chronic degenerative diseases. Depending on the oil used for cooking, the source of fatty acids and its oxidation products may vary and would have a differential influence on the physiological process. Coco...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 16, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid are reduced in maternal liver, adipose, and heart in rats fed high-fat diets without docosahexaenoic acid throughout pregnancy
In conclusion, it appears that in this rodent model of pregnancy, maternal adaptations were made to meet fetal DHA requirements, but they may compromise maternal DHA status and the ability to deliver DHA during lactation. (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 7, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Volume 137Author(s): (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 6, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Do lipoxygenases occur in viruses?: Expression and characterization of a viral lipoxygenase-like protein did not provide evidence for the existence of functional viral lipoxygenases
Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Tatjana Gehring, Dagmar Heydeck, Agathe Niewienda, Katharina Janek, Hartmut KuhnAbstractLipoxygenases are lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which frequently occur in higher plants and animals. In bacteria, these enzymes are rare and have been introduced via horizontal gene transfer. Since viruses function as horizontal gene transfer vectors and since lipoxygenases may be helpful for releasing assembled virus particles from host cells we explored whether these enzymes may actually occur in viruses. For this pu...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 4, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

New perspectives on placental fatty acid transfer
Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Rohan M. Lewis, Caroline E. Childs, Philip C. CalderAbstractThe human fetus depends on placental transfer for the fatty acids required for its growth and development. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) may specifically influence neurodevelopment. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of placental transfer of LC-PUFAs. The simple view of placental fatty acid transfer is that it occurs by diffusion down the maternal to fetal gradient, facilitated by membrane transporters. ...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 4, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Dose–response relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and lower rates of early preterm birth, low birth weight and very low birth weight
Publication date: November 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Volume 138Author(s): Susan E. Carlson, Byron J. Gajewski, Sibelle Alhayek, John Colombo, Elizabeth H. Kerling, Kathleen M. GustafsonAbstractAs previously reported, intention-to-treat findings from our phase III randomized clinical trial found that a supplement of 600 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/day during the last half of pregnancy reduced the incidence of early preterm birth (ePTB, <34 weeks gestation) and very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g) offspring. Given the potentially immense clinical significance of thes...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - October 4, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Randomized controlled trial of brain specific fatty acid supplementation in pregnant women increases brain volumes on MRI scans of their newborn infants
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): E. Ogundipe, N. Tusor, Y. Wang, M.R. Johnson, A.D. Edwards, M.A. CrawfordAbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) are essential brain specific fatty acids (BSFA) for mammalian central nervous system development. Human brains have accelerated growth with significant increase in cerebral content of ArA and DHA during the last trimester of pregnancy and first postnatal months. This randomized double blind placebo controlled single centre trial assessed the impact of BSFA supplementa...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - September 22, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Dose-Response Relationship Between Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Intake and Lower Rates of Early Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight
Publication date: Available online 20 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Susan E. Carlson, Byron J. Gajewski, Sibelle Alhayek, John Colombo, Elizabeth H. Kerling, Kathleen M. GustafsonAbstractAs previously reported, intention-to-treat findings from our phase III randomized clinical trial found that a supplement of 600 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/day during the last half of pregnancy reduced the incidence of early preterm birth (ePTB, <34 weeks gestation) and very low birth weight (VLBW <1500 g) offspring. Given the potentially immense clinical significance of th...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - September 21, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Memories of Dr. Jeffrey K. Yao
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Erik Messamore (Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA))
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - September 8, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Comparison of breast milk fatty acid composition from mothers of premature infants of three countries using novel dried milk spot technology
This study aimed to determine the accuracy, sensitivity and applicability of the DMS method developed based on the PUFAcoatTM technology. Two hundred breast milk samples were analyzed using the conventional method and compared with the DMS method. In order to evaluate the usefulness of DMS for large scale international studies, we analyzed another 786 breast milk samples collected from mothers of preterm infants who participated in a large clinical trial conducted in Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. Fatty acids were measured using capillary gas chromatography and results were reported as weight percentage of total fat...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - September 1, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research