Historical perspective: gut dysbiosis and hypertension
(Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - October 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Honour, J. W. Tags: Call for Papers: Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease Source Type: research
Transcriptomic analysis of cyclic AMP response in bovine cumulus cells
Acquisition of oocyte developmental competence needs to be understood to improve clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction. The stimulation of cumulus cell concentration of cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) by pharmacological agents during in vitro maturation (IVM) participates in improvement of oocyte quality. However, precise coordination and downstream targets of cAMP signaling in cumulus cells are largely unknown. We have previously demonstrated better embryo development after cAMP stimulation for first 6 h during IVM. Using this model, we investigated cAMP signaling in cumulus cells through in vitro culture ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Khan, D. R., Guillemette, C., Sirard, M. A., Richard, F. J. Tags: Regulation of Gene Expression Source Type: research
Identification of conserved hepatic transcriptomic responses to 17{beta}-estradiol using high-throughput sequencing in brown trout
Estrogenic chemicals are major contaminants of surface waters and can threaten the sustainability of natural fish populations. Characterization of the global molecular mechanisms of toxicity of environmental contaminants has been conducted primarily in model species rather than species with limited existing transcriptomic or genomic sequence information. We aimed to investigate the global mechanisms of toxicity of an endocrine disrupting chemical of environmental concern [17β-estradiol (E2)] using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in an environmentally relevant species, brown trout (Salmo trutta). We exposed ma...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Uren Webster, T. M., Shears, J. A., Moore, K., Santos, E. M. Tags: Omics Technologies and Applications Source Type: research
Patterns of gene expression in the sheep heart during the perinatal period revealed by transcriptomic modeling
Septa from sheep hearts at 130 days gestation, term, and 14-day-old lambs were used to model the changes in gene expression patterns during the perinatal period using Agilent 15k ovine microarrays. We used Bioconductor for R to model five major patterns of coexpressed genes. Gene ontology and transcription factor analyses using Webgestalt modeled the biological significances and transcription factors of the gene expression patterns. Modeling indicated a decreased expression of genes associated with anatomical development and differentiation during this period, whereas those associated with increased protein synthesis and g...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Richards, E. M., Rabaglino, M. B., Antolic, A., Wood, C. E., Keller-Wood, M. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Genetic variation in alpha2-adrenoreceptors and heart rate recovery after exercise
We examined whether common genetic variants in adrenergic and cholinergic receptors and transporters affect HRR. In our study 126 healthy subjects (66 Caucasians, 56 African Americans) performed an 8 min step-wise bicycle exercise test with continuous computerized ECG recordings. We fitted an exponential curve to the postexercise R-R intervals for each subject to calculate the recovery constant (kr) as primary outcome. Secondary outcome was the root mean square residuals averaged over 1 min (RMS1min), a marker of parasympathetic tone. We used multiple linear regressions to determine the effect of functional candidate genet...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Kohli, U., Diedrich, A., Kannankeril, P. J., Muszkat, M., Sofowora, G. G., Hahn, M. K., English, B. A., Blakely, R. D., Stein, C. M., Kurnik, D. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
MicroRNA network changes in the brain stem underlie the development of hypertension
Hypertension is a major chronic disease whose molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We compared neuroanatomical patterns of microRNAs in the brain stem of the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) to the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY, control). We quantified 419 well-annotated microRNAs in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), from SHR and WKY rats, during three main stages of hypertension development. Changes in microRNA expression were stage- and region-dependent, with a majority of SHR vs. WKY differential expression occurring at the hypertension onset stage in NTS versus at the...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: DeCicco, D., Zhu, H., Brureau, A., Schwaber, J. S., Vadigepalli, R. Tags: MicroRNA Source Type: research
Brain-stem microRNAs implicated in hypertension
(Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Morris, B. J., Dampney, R. A. L. Tags: MicroRNA Source Type: research
Identification of gene signatures regulated by carvedilol in mouse heart
Chronic treatment with the β-blocker carvedilol has been shown to reduce established maladaptive left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and to improve LV function in experimental heart failure. However, the detailed mechanisms by which carvedilol improves LV failure are incompletely understood. We previously showed that carvedilol is a β-arrestin-biased β1-adrenergic receptor ligand, which activates cellular pathways in the heart independent of G protein-mediated second messenger signaling. More recently, we have demonstrated by microRNA (miR) microarray analysis that carvedilol upregulates a subset of mature and p...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Teoh, J.-p., Park, K.-m., Broskova, Z., Jimenez, F. R., Bayoumi, A. S., Archer, K., Su, H., Johnson, J., Weintraub, N. L., Tang, Y., Kim, I.-m. Tags: Call for Papers: Systems Biology and Polygenic Traits Source Type: research
Genome-wide association studies and contribution to cardiovascular physiology
The study of family pedigrees with rare monogenic cardiovascular disorders has revealed new molecular players in physiological processes. Genome-wide association studies of complex traits with a heritable component may afford a similar and potentially intellectually richer opportunity. In this review we focus on the interpretation of genetic associations and the issue of causality in relation to known and potentially new physiology. We mainly discuss cardiometabolic traits as it reflects our personal interests, but the issues pertain broadly in many other disciplines. We also describe some of the resources that are now ava...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Munroe, P. B., Tinker, A. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Effect of orally administered collagen hydrolysate on gene expression profiles in mouse skin: a DNA microarray analysis
In conclusion, our results suggest that altered gene expression at the early stages after collagen administration affects skin barrier function and mechanical properties. Long-term oral intake of collagen hydrolysate improves skin dysfunction by regulating genes related to production and maintenance of skin tissue. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Oba, C., Ito, K., Ichikawa, S., Morifuji, M., Nakai, Y., Ishijima, T., Abe, K., Kawahata, K. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
Insulin secretion and signaling in response to dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation in cattle
The objectives of this study were to examine systemic insulin response to a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and transcript abundance of genes of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, during both dietary restriction and re-alimentation-induced compensatory growth. Holstein Friesian bulls were blocked to one of two groups: 1) restricted feed allowance for 125 days (period 1) (RES, n = 15) followed by ad libitum feeding for 55 days (period 2) or 2) ad libitum access to feed throughout (periods 1 and 2) (ADLIB, n = 15). On days 90 and 36 of periods 1 and 2, respectively, a GTT was performed. M. longissimus dorsi biops...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Keogh, K., Kenny, D. A., Kelly, A. K., Waters, S. M. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
PADPIN: protein-protein interaction networks of angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and inflammation in peripheral arterial disease
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from an obstruction of blood flow in the arteries other than the heart, most commonly the arteries that supply the legs. The complexity of the known signaling pathways involved in PAD, including various growth factor pathways and their cross talks, suggests that analyses of high-throughput experimental data could lead to a new level of understanding of the disease as well as novel and heretofore unanticipated potential targets. Such bioinformatic analyses have not been systematically performed for PAD. We constructed global protein-protein interaction networks of angiogenesis (Angi...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Chu, L.-H., Vijay, C. G., Annex, B. H., Bader, J. S., Popel, A. S. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Muscle transcriptome response to ACTH administration in a free-ranging marine mammal
This study represents one of the first transcriptome analyses of cellular responses to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation in a free-living marine mammal and suggests that compensatory, tissue-sparing mechanisms may enable marine mammals to maintain cortisol and aldosterone sensitivity while avoiding deleterious long-term consequences of stress. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Khudyakov, J. I., Champagne, C. D., Preeyanon, L., Ortiz, R. M., Crocker, D. E. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Identification of candidate genes that underlie the QTL on chromosome 1 that mediates genetic differences in stress-ethanol interactions
Alcoholism, stress, and anxiety are strongly interacting heritable, polygenetic traits. In a previous study, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on murine chromosome (Chr) 1 between 23.0 and 31.5 Mb that modulates genetic differences in the effects of ethanol on anxiety-related phenotypes. The goal of the present study was to extend the analysis of this locus with a focus on identifying candidate genes using newly available data and tools. Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated with an elevated zero maze following saline or ethanol injections (1.8 g/kg) in C57BL/6J, DBA2J, and 72 BXD strains. We detected significan...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Cook, M. N., Baker, J. A., Heldt, S. A., Williams, R. W., Hamre, K. M., Lu, L. Tags: Molecular Genetics of Complex Traits Source Type: research
The mitochondrial side of epigenetics
The bidirectional cross talk between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA is essential for cellular homeostasis and proper functioning. Mitochondria depend on nuclear contribution for much of their functionality, but their activities have been recently recognized to control nuclear gene expression as well as cell function in many different ways. Epigenetic mechanisms, which tune gene expression in response to environmental stimuli, are key regulatory events at the interplay between mitochondrial and nuclear interactions. Emerging findings indicate that epigenetic factors can be targets or instruments of mitochondrial-nuclear cros...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Castegna, A., Iacobazzi, V., Infantino, V. Tags: Call for Papers: Epigenetics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
