Metabolic changes associated with the long winter fast dominate the liver proteome in 13-lined ground squirrels
Small-bodied hibernators partition the year between active homeothermy and hibernating heterothermy accompanied by fasting. To define molecular events underlying hibernation that are both dependent and independent of fasting, we analyzed the liver proteome among two active and four hibernation states in 13-lined ground squirrels. We also examined fall animals transitioning between fed homeothermy and fasting heterothermy. Significantly enriched pathways differing between activity and hibernation were biased toward metabolic enzymes, concordant with the fuel shifts accompanying fasting physiology. Although metabolic reprogr...
Source: Physiological Genomics - May 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hindle, A. G., Grabek, K. R., Epperson, L. E., Karimpour-Fard, A., Martin, S. L. Tags: Omics Technologies and Applications Source Type: research
Serum metabolomics identifies citrulline as a predictor of adverse outcomes in an equine model of gut-derived sepsis
Acute laminitis is an inflammatory disease of the equine foot that often occurs secondarily to sepsis or systemic inflammation associated with gastrointestinal disease. It has been suggested that laminitis is similar to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in humans, although in horses the weight-bearing laminar epithelium of the foot appears to be the tissue most sensitive to insult and the first "organ" to fail. Metabolomics performed on serum samples collected before (Con) and after (Lmn) experimental induction of gastrointestinal-associated sepsis in six horses detected 1,177 metabolites of both mammalian and bacterial ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - May 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Steelman, S. M., Johnson, P., Jackson, A., Schulze, J., Chowdhary, B. P. Tags: Biomarkers Source Type: research
Prepartal dietary energy alters transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows during the transition period
In conclusion, overfeeding energy prepartum may have compromised hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and slightly affected IR in SAT based on gene expression. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - May 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Selim, S., Salin, S., Taponen, J., Vanhatalo, A., Kokkonen, T., Elo, K. T. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
Molecular and metabolic profiles suggest that increased lipid catabolism in adipose tissue contributes to leanness in domestic chickens
The objective of the current study was to characterize adipose tissue from relatively lean and fatty lines of chickens and determine if heritable leanness in chickens is associated with activation of some of the same pathways induced by fasting. We compared adipose gene expression and metabolite profiles in white adipose tissue of lean Leghorn and Fayoumi breeds to those of fattier commercial broiler chickens. Both lipolysis and expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were upregulated in lean chickens compared with broilers. Although there were strong similarities between the lean lines compared with broilers,...
Source: Physiological Genomics - May 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ji, B., Middleton, J. L., Ernest, B., Saxton, A. M., Lamont, S. J., Campagna, S. R., Voy, B. H. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Influence of the microenvironment on cell fate determination and migration
Several critical cell functions are influenced not only by internal cellular machinery but also by external mechanical and biochemical cues from the surrounding microenvironment. Slight changes to the microenvironment can result in dramatic changes to the cell's phenotype; for example, a change in the nutrients or pH of a tumor microenvironment can result in increased tumor metastasis. While cellular fate and the regulators of cell fate have been studied in detail for several decades now, our understanding of the extracellular regulators remains qualitative and far from comprehensive. In this review, we discuss the microen...
Source: Physiological Genomics - May 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Bloom, A. B., Zaman, M. H. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Ex vivo culture of primary human colonic tissue for studying transcriptional responses to 1{alpha},25(OH)2 and 25(OH) vitamin D
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] is a steroid hormone derived from circulating 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)D] with chemopreventive effects in colorectal cancer. 1α,25(OH)2D3 acts through transcriptional mechanisms; however, our understanding of vitamin D transcriptional responses in the colon is derived from studies in transformed cancer cell lines which may not represent responses in normal healthy tissue. Here, we describe the optimization of an ex vivo culture model using primary colonic biopsy samples for studying short-term transcriptional response induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D treatm...
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mapes, B., Chase, M., Hong, E., Ludvik, A., Ceryes, K., Huang, Y., Kupfer, S. S. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
Basal microRNA expression patterns in reward circuitry of selectively bred high-responder and low-responder rats vary by brain region and genotype
Mental health disorders involving altered reward, emotionality, and anxiety are thought to result from the interaction of individual predisposition (genetic factors) and personal experience (environmental factors), although the mechanisms that contribute to an individual's vulnerability to these disorders remain poorly understood. We used an animal model of individual variation [inbred high-responder/low-responder (bHR-bLR) rodents] known to vary in reward, anxiety, and emotional processing to examine neuroanatomical expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs). Laser capture microdissection was used to dissect the prelimbic ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hamilton, D. E., Cooke, C. L., Carter, B. S., Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Thompson, R. C. Tags: microRNA Source Type: research
Serum response factor: positive and negative regulation of an epithelial gene expression network in the destrin mutant cornea
This study uses a unique model combining genetic and genomic approaches to identify genes that are regulated by SRF. These findings expand current understanding of the role of SRF in both normal and abnormal tissue homeostasis. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Kawakami-Schulz, S. V., Verdoni, A. M., Sattler, S. G., Jessen, E., Kao, W. W.- Y., Ikeda, A., Ikeda, S. Tags: Regulation of Gene Expression Source Type: research
Ratio of lysine to methionine alters expression of genes involved in milk protein transcription and translation and mTOR phosphorylation in bovine mammary cells
This study was conducted to determine the optimum ratio of lysine and methionine (Lys:Met) to enhance milk protein concentration in vitro, focusing on the regulation of genes related to the JAK2-STAT5 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. A preliminary dose response study revealed that casein concentration peaked (2.5–2.7 ppm) at a supplemental Lys concentration of 1.2 mM and Met at 0.5 mM. At the peak casein concentration cell proliferation rate also was higher. Furthermore, the expression of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA, JAK2, STAT5, and MTOR was upregulated with both Lys and Met com...
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Nan, X., Bu, D., Li, X., Wang, J., Wei, H., Hu, H., Zhou, L., Loor, J. J. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
Identification of human exercise-induced myokines using secretome analysis
In conclusion, this study identified CX3CL1 and CCL2 as myokines that were induced by acute exercise at the gene expression and plasma level and that may be involved in communication between skeletal muscle and other organs. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Catoire, M., Mensink, M., Kalkhoven, E., Schrauwen, P., Kersten, S. Tags: Call for Papers: Physiological Genomics of Exercise in Health and Disease Source Type: research
Differential regulation of DNA methylation versus histone acetylation in cardiomyocytes during HHcy in vitro and in vivo: an epigenetic mechanism
We reported previously that cardiac-specific deletion of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-1 (NMDAR1) ameliorates homocysteine-posed cardiac threats, and in this study, we aim to explore the role of NMDAR1 in epigenetic mechanisms of heart failure, using cardiomyocytes during hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). High homocysteine levels activate NMDAR1, which consequently leads to abnormal DNA methylation vs. histone acetylation through modulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), HDAC1, miRNAs, and MMP9 in cardiomyocytes. HL-1 cardiomyocytes cultured in Claycomb media were treated with 100 μM homocysteine in a dose-dependent man...
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Chaturvedi, P., Kalani, A., Givvimani, S., Kamat, P. K., Familtseva, A., Tyagi, S. C. Tags: Call for Papers: Epigenetics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
The wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer progression triad
For decades tumors have been recognized as "wounds that do not heal." Besides the commonalities that tumors and wounded tissues share, the process of wound healing also portrays similar characteristics with chronic fibrosis. In this review, we suggest a tight interrelationship, which is governed as a concurrence of cellular and microenvironmental reactivity among wound healing, chronic fibrosis, and cancer development/progression (i.e., the WHFC triad). It is clear that the same cell types, as well as soluble and matrix elements that drive wound healing (including regeneration) via distinct signaling pathways, also fuel ch...
Source: Physiological Genomics - April 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Rybinski, B., Franco-Barraza, J., Cukierman, E. Tags: Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation Source Type: research
Differential methylation in visceral adipose tissue of obese men discordant for metabolic disturbances
This study provides potential targets associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and development of the MetS. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Guenard, F., Tchernof, A., Deshaies, Y., Perusse, L., Biron, S., Lescelleur, O., Biertho, L., Marceau, S., Vohl, M.-C. Tags: Call for Papers: Epigenetics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
Polygenic risk for hypertriglyceridemia is attenuated in Japanese men with high fitness levels
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with a reduced risk for dyslipidemia; however, blood lipid levels are also affected by individual genetic variations. We performed a cross-sectional study to determine whether CRF modifies polygenic risk for dyslipidemia. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in 170 Japanese men (age 20–79 yr). CRF was assessed by measuring maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), and subjects were divided into low-fitness and high-fitness groups according to the reference Vo2max value for health promotion in Japan. We analyzed ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tanisawa, K., Ito, T., Sun, X., Cao, Z.-B., Sakamoto, S., Tanaka, M., Higuchi, M. Tags: Call for Papers: Physiological Genomics of Exercise in Health and Disease Source Type: research
Identification of genes regulating growth and fatness traits in pig through hypothalamic transcriptome analysis
This study allows us to propose strong candidate genes for growth and fatness based on expression patterns, genomic location, and network interactions. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Perez-Montarelo, D., Madsen, O., Alves, E., Rodriguez, M. C., Folch, J. M., Noguera, J. L., Groenen, M. A. M., Fernandez, A. I. Tags: Call for Papers: NextGen Sequencing Technology-based Dissection of Physiological Systems Source Type: research
