Effects of mtDNA in SHR-mtF344 versus SHR conplastic strains on reduced OXPHOS enzyme levels, insulin resistance, cardiac hypertrophy, and systolic dysfunction
Common inbred strains of the laboratory rat can be divided into four major mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype groups represented by the BN, F344, LEW, and SHR strains. In the current study, we investigated the metabolic and hemodynamic effects of the SHR vs. F344 mtDNA by comparing the SHR vs. SHR-mtF344 conplastic strains that are genetically identical except for their mitochondrial genomes. Altogether 13 amino acid substitutions in protein coding genes, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in tRNA genes, and 12 single nucleotide changes in rRNA genes were detected in F344 mtDNA compared with SHR mtDNA. Analysis of oxid...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Houštěk, J., Vrbacky, M., Hejzlarova, K., Zidek, V., Landa, V., Šilhavy, J., Šimakova, M., Mlejnek, P., Kazdova, L., Mikšik, I., Neckař, J., Papoušek, F., Kolař, F., Kurtz, T. W., Pravenec, M. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research
Genome-wide analysis of gestational gene-environment interactions in the developing kidney
The G protein-coupled bradykinin B2 receptor (Bdkrb2) plays an important role in regulation of blood pressure under conditions of excess salt intake. Our previous work has shown that Bdkrb2 also plays a developmental role since Bdkrb2–/– embryos, but not their wild-type or heterozygous littermates, are prone to renal dysgenesis in response to gestational high salt intake. Although impaired terminal differentiation and apoptosis are consistent findings in the Bdkrb2–/– mutant kidneys, the developmental pathways downstream of gene-environment interactions leading to the renal phenotype remain unknown....
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Yan, L., Yao, X., Bachvarov, D., Saifudeen, Z., El-Dahr, S. S. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
Scuba diving induces nitric oxide synthesis and the expression of inflammatory and regulatory genes of the immune response in neutrophils
Conclusion: Scuba diving which combines hyperoxia, hyperbaria, and acute exercise induces nitrosative damage with increased nitrotyrosine levels and an inflammatory response in neutrophils. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Sureda, A., Batle, J. M., Capo, X., Martorell, M., Cordova, A., Tur, J. A., Pons, A. Tags: Regulation of Gene Expression Source Type: research
Oxidative stress modulates the expression of genes involved in cell survival in {Delta}F508 cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology is explained by a defect in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, the broad spectrum of disease severity is the consequence of environmental and genetic factors. Among them, oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play an important role in the evolution of this disease, with susceptibility to oxidative damage, decline of pulmonary function, and impaired lung antioxidant defense. Although oxidative stress has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation, its molecular outcomes in CF cells remain to be evaluated. To address the question, we compared the ge...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Voisin, G., Bouvet, G. F., Legendre, P., Dagenais, A., Masse, C., Berthiaume, Y. Tags: Regulation of Gene Expression Source Type: research
Intima modifier locus 2 controls endothelial cell activation and vascular permeability
Carotid intima formation is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. C3H/FeJ (C3H/F) and SJL/J (SJL) inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to immune and vascular traits. Using a congenic approach we demonstrated that the Intima modifier 2 (Im2) locus on chromosome 11 regulates leukocyte infiltration. We sought to determine whether inflammation was due to changes in circulating immune cells or activation of vascular wall cells in genetically pure Im2 (C3H/F.SJL.11.1) mice. Complete blood counts showed no differences in circulating monocytes between C3H/F and C3H/F.SJL.11.1 compared with SJL mice. Aortic...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Smolock, E. M., Burke, R. M., Wang, C., Thomas, T., Batchu, S. N., Qiu, X., Zettel, M., Fujiwara, K., Berk, B. C., Korshunov, V. A. Tags: Molecular Genetics of Complex Traits Source Type: research
S-adenosylmethionine mediates inhibition of inflammatory response and changes in DNA methylation in human macrophages
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the unique methyl donor in DNA methylation, has been shown to lower lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in macrophages. The aim of this study was to assess whether epigenetic mechanisms mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of SAM. Human monocytic THP1 cells were differentiated into macrophages and treated with 0, 500, or 1,000 μmol/l SAM for 24 h, followed by stimulation with LPS. TNFα and IL-10 expression levels were measured by real-time PCR, cellular concentrations...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Pfalzer, A. C., Choi, S.-W., Tammen, S. A., Park, L. K., Bottiglieri, T., Parnell, L. D., Lamon-Fava, S. Tags: Call for Papers: Epigenetics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
Corrigendum
(Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research
Assessment of flow distribution in the mouse fetal circulation at late gestation by high-frequency Doppler ultrasound
In conclusion, the flow in mouse fetal circulation can be comprehensively evaluated with ultrasound. The baseline data of the flow distribution in normal mouse fetus serve as the reference range for future studies. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zhou, Y.-Q., Cahill, L. S., Wong, M. D., Seed, M., Macgowan, C. K., Sled, J. G. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Quantitative genomics of voluntary exercise in mice: transcriptional analysis and mapping of expression QTL in muscle
Motivation and ability both underlie voluntary exercise, each with a potentially unique genetic architecture. Muscle structure and function are one of many morphological and physiological systems acting to simultaneously determine exercise ability. We generated a large (n = 815) advanced intercross line of mice (G4) derived from a line selectively bred for increased wheel running (high runner) and the C57BL/6J inbred strain. We previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to voluntary exercise, body composition, and changes in body composition as a result of exercise. Using brain tissue in a subset of the G...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Kelly, S. A., Nehrenberg, D. L., Hua, K., Garland, T., Pomp, D. Tags: Molecular Genetics of Complex Traits Source Type: research
Progesterone receptor-dependent regulation of genes in the oviducts of female mice
Oviducts play a critical role in gamete and embryo transport, as well as supporting early embryo development. Progesterone receptor (PGR) is a transcription factor highly expressed in oviductal cells, while its activating ligand, progesterone, surges to peak levels as ovulation approaches. Progesterone is known to regulate oviduct cilia beating and muscular contractions in vitro, but how PGR may mediate this in vivo is poorly understood. We used PGR null mice to identify genes potentially regulated by PGR in the oviducts during the periovulatory period. Histologically, oviducts from PGR null mice showed no gross structural...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Akison, L. K., Boden, M. J., Kennaway, D. J., Russell, D. L., Robker, R. L. Tags: Regulation of Gene Expression Source Type: research
Discovery and refinement of muscle weight QTLs in B6 x D2 advanced intercross mice
The genes underlying variation in skeletal muscle mass are poorly understood. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been mapped in crosses of mouse strains, the limited resolution inherent in these conventional studies has made it difficult to reliably pinpoint the causal genetic variants. The accumulated recombination events in an advanced intercross line (AIL), in which mice from two inbred strains are mated at random for several generations, can improve mapping resolution. We demonstrate these advancements in mapping QTLs for hindlimb muscle weights in an AIL (n = 832) of the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) st...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Carbonetto, P., Cheng, R., Gyekis, J. P., Parker, C. C., Blizard, D. A., Palmer, A. A., Lionikas, A. Tags: Call for Papers: Physiological Genomics of Exercise in Health and Disease Source Type: research
Identification of reference genes for RT-qPCR in ovine mammary tissue during late pregnancy and lactation and in response to maternal nutritional programming
In this study we identify suitable reference genes to normalize RT-qPCR data for the ovine mammary gland in two physiological states; late pregnancy and lactation. Biopsies were collected from offspring of ewes that had been subjected to different nutritional paradigms during pregnancy to examine effects of maternal programming on the mammary gland of the offspring. We evaluated eight candidate reference genes and found that two reference genes (PRPF3 and CUL1) are required for normalising RT-qPCR data from pooled RNA samples, but five reference genes are required for analyzing gene expression in individual animals (SENP2,...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Paten, A. M., Pain, S. J., Peterson, S. W., Blair, H. T., Kenyon, P. R., Dearden, P. K., Duncan, E. J. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research
Mechanisms for the adverse effects of late gestational increases in maternal cortisol on the heart revealed by transcriptomic analyses of the fetal septum
We have previously shown in sheep that 10 days of modest chronic increase in maternal cortisol resulting from maternal infusion of cortisol (1 mg/kg/day) caused fetal heart enlargement and Purkinje cell apoptosis. In subsequent studies we extended the cortisol infusion to term, finding a dramatic incidence of stillbirth in the pregnancies with chronically increased cortisol. To investigate effects of maternal cortisol on the heart, we performed transcriptomic analyses on the septa using ovine microarrays and Webgestalt and Cytoscape programs for pathway inference. Analyses of the transcriptomic effects of maternal cortisol...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Richards, E. M., Wood, C. E., Rabaglino, M. B., Antolic, A., Keller-Wood, M. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Integrative RNA-seq and microarray data analysis reveals GC content and gene length biases in the psoriasis transcriptome
Gene expression profiling of psoriasis has driven research advances and may soon provide the basis for clinical applications. For expression profiling studies, RNA-seq is now a competitive technology, but RNA-seq results may differ from those obtained by microarray. We therefore compared findings obtained by RNA-seq with those from eight microarray studies of psoriasis. RNA-seq and microarray datasets identified similar numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with certain genes uniquely identified by each technology. Correspondence between platforms and the balance of increased to decreased DEGs was influenced by...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Swindell, W. R., Xing, X., Voorhees, J. J., Elder, J. T., Johnston, A., Gudjonsson, J. E. Tags: Call for Papers: NextGen Sequencing Technology-based Dissection of Physiological Systems Source Type: research
Transcriptomics of the fetal hypothalamic response to brachiocephalic occlusion and estradiol treatment
Estradiol (E2) is a well-known modulator of fetal neuroendocrine activity and has been proposed as a critical endocrine signal readying the fetus for birth and postnatal life. To investigate the modulatory role of E2 on fetal stress responsiveness and the response of the fetal brain to asphyxic stress, we subjected chronically catheterized fetal sheep to a transient (10 min) brachiocephalic artery occlusion (BCO) or sham occlusion. Half of the fetuses received subcutaneous pellets that increased plasma E2 concentrations within the physiological range. Hypothalamic mRNA was analyzed using the Agilent 8x15k ovine array (0199...
Source: Physiological Genomics - July 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Wood, C. E., Rabaglino, M. B., Richards, E., Denslow, N., Zarate, M. A., Chang, E. I., Keller-Wood, M. Tags: Omics Technologies and Applications Source Type: research
