Na/K-ATPase signaling regulates collagen synthesis through microRNA-29b-3p in cardiac fibroblasts
In conclusion, these data are the first to indicate that signaling through Na/K-ATPase regulates miRNAs and specifically, miR-29b-3p expression both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, these data indicate that miR-29b-3p expression plays an important role in the formation of cardiac fibrosis in CKD. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Drummond, C. A., Hill, M. C., Shi, H., Fan, X., Xie, J. X., Haller, S. T., Kennedy, D. J., Liu, J., Garrett, M. R., Xie, Z., Cooper, C. J., Shapiro, J. I., Tian, J. Tags: Regulation of Gene Expression Source Type: research
Twin-sibling study and meta-analysis on the heritability of maximal oxygen consumption
Large individual differences exist in aerobic fitness in childhood and adolescence, but the relative contribution of genetic factors to this variation remains to be established. In a sample of adolescent twins and siblings (n = 479), heart rate (HR) and maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) were recorded during the climax of a graded maximal exercise test. In addition, Vo2max was predicted in two graded submaximal exercise tests on the cycle ergometer and the treadmill, using extrapolation of the HR/Vo2 curve to the predicted HRmax. Heritability estimates for measured Vo2max were 60% in ml/min and 55% for Vo2max in ml·min&...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Schutte, N. M., Nederend, I., Hudziak, J. J., Bartels, M., de Geus, E. J. C. Tags: Systems Biology of Exercise Source Type: research
Blood transcriptional signature of recombinant human erythropoietin administration and implications for antidoping strategies
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is frequently abused by athletes as a performance-enhancing drug, despite being prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Although the methods to detect blood doping, including rHuEPO injections, have improved in recent years, they remain imperfect. In a proof-of-principle study, we identified, replicated, and validated the whole blood transcriptional signature of rHuEPO in endurance-trained Caucasian males at sea level (n = 18) and Kenyan endurance runners at moderate altitude (n = 20), all of whom received rHuEPO injections for 4 wk. Transcriptional profiling shows that hundred...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Durussel, J., Haile, D. W., Mooses, K., Daskalaki, E., Beattie, W., Mooses, M., Mekonen, W., Ongaro, N., Anjila, E., Patel, R. K., Padmanabhan, N., McBride, M. W., McClure, J. D., Pitsiladis, Y. P. Tags: Systems Biology of Exercise Source Type: research
Association of ACTN3 R577X but not ACE I/D gene variants with elite rugby union player status and playing position
We aimed to quantify the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) genetic variants in elite rugby athletes (rugby union and league) and compare genotype frequencies to controls and between playing positions. The rugby athlete cohort consisted of 507 Caucasian men, including 431 rugby union athletes that for some analyses were divided into backs and forwards and into specific positional groups: front five, back row, half backs, centers, and back three. Controls were 710 Caucasian men and women. Real-time PCR of genomic DNA was used to determine genotypes using TaqMan probes and groups were compared using 2 and odds ratio (OR) st...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Heffernan, S. M., Kilduff, L. P., Erskine, R. M., Day, S. H., McPhee, J. S., McMahon, G. E., Stebbings, G. K., Neale, J. P. H., Lockey, S. J., Ribbans, W. J., Cook, C. J., Vance, B., Raleigh, S. M., Roberts, C., Bennett, M. A., Wang, G., Collins, M., Pits Tags: Systems Biology of Exercise Source Type: research
Ethics, genetic testing, and athletic talent: children's best interests, and the right to an open (athletic) future
In this paper we discuss the ethics of genetics-based talent identification programs in sports. We discuss the validity and reliability of the tests and the claims made by direct to consumer companies, before presenting a range of ethical issues concerning child-parent/guardian relations raised by these tests, which we frame in terms of parental/guardian duties, children's rights, and best interests. We argue that greater ethical emphasis needs to be put on the parental decision on the wellbeing on the child going forward, not on ex post justifications on the basis of good and bad consequences. Best interests decisions mad...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Camporesi, S., McNamee, M. J. Tags: Genome-Wide Assocation Studies and Function Source Type: research
Athlome Project Consortium: a concerted effort to discover genomic and other "omic" markers of athletic performance
Despite numerous attempts to discover genetic variants associated with elite athletic performance, injury predisposition, and elite/world-class athletic status, there has been limited progress to date. Past reliance on candidate gene studies predominantly focusing on genotyping a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms or the insertion/deletion variants in small, often heterogeneous cohorts (i.e., made up of athletes of quite different sport specialties) have not generated the kind of results that could offer solid opportunities to bridge the gap between basic research in exercise sciences and deliverables in bio...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Pitsiladis, Y. P., Tanaka, M., Eynon, N., Bouchard, C., North, K. N., Williams, A. G., Collins, M., Moran, C. N., Britton, S. L., Fuku, N., Ashley, E. A., Klissouras, V., Lucia, A., Ahmetov, I. I., de Geus, E., Alsayrafi, M., Athlome Project Consortium Tags: Call for Papers: Systems Biology and Polygenic Traits Source Type: research
Sports genetics moving forward: lessons learned from medical research
We present an outline of challenges facing sports genetics in the light of experiences from medical research. Sports performance is complex, resulting from a combination of a wide variety of different traits and attributes. Improving sports genetics will foremost require analyses based on detailed phenotyping. To find widely valid, reproducible common variants associated with athletic phenotypes, study sample sizes must be dramatically increased. One paradox is that in order to confirm relevance, replications in specific populations must be undertaken. Family studies of athletes may facilitate the discovery of rare variant...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mattsson, C. M., Wheeler, M. T., Waggott, D., Caleshu, C., Ashley, E. A. Tags: Call for Papers: Systems Biology and Polygenic Traits Source Type: research
Advancing sports and exercise genomics: moving from hypothesis-driven single study approaches to large multi-omics collaborative science
(Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tanaka, M., Wang, G., Pitsiladis, Y. P. Tags: Call for Papers: Systems Biology and Polygenic Traits Source Type: research
Characterizing a distal muscle enhancer in the mouse Igf2 locus
Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and was identified as a quantitative trait locus for muscle mass. Yet little is known about mechanisms of its regulation in muscle. Recently, a DNA segment found ~100 kb from the Igf2 gene was identified as a possible muscle transcriptional control element. Here we have developed an in vivo reporter system to assess this putative enhancer by substituting nuclear (n) EGFP for Igf2 coding exons in a bacterial artificial chromosome containing the mouse Igf2 - H19 chromosomal locus. After stable transfection into a mesenchymal stem cell line, individual...
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Alzhanov, D., Rotwein, P. Tags: Physiological Genomics of Cell States and Their Regulation and Single Cell Genomics Source Type: research
Proteomic profiling of nuclear fractions from native renal inner medullary collecting duct cells
The control of renal water excretion occurs in part by regulation of transcription in response to vasopressin in cells of the collecting duct. A systems biology-based approach to understanding transcriptional control in renal collecting duct cells depends on knowledge of what transcription factors and other regulatory proteins are present in the cells' nuclei. The goal of this article is to report comprehensive proteomic profiling of cellular fractions enriched in nuclear proteins from native inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells of the rat. Multidimensional separation procedures and state-of-the art protein mass sp...
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Pickering, C. M., Grady, C., Medvar, B., Emamian, M., Sandoval, P. C., Zhao, Y., Yang, C.-R., Jung, H. J., Chou, C.-L., Knepper, M. A. Tags: Physiological Genomics of Cell States and Their Regulation and Single Cell Genomics Source Type: research
Integrative mRNA-microRNA analyses reveal novel interactions related to insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue
Adipose tissue has profound effects on whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying biological processes are quite complex and likely multifactorial. For instance, the adipose transcriptome is posttranscriptionally modulated by microRNAs, but the relationship between microRNAs and insulin sensitivity in humans remains to be determined. To this end, we utilized an integrative mRNA-microRNA microarray approach to identify putative molecular interactions that regulate the transcriptome in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. Using the NanoString nCounter Huma...
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Kirby, T. J., Walton, R. G., Finlin, B., Zhu, B., Unal, R., Rasouli, N., Peterson, C. A., Kern, P. A. Tags: MicroRNA Source Type: research
Patterns of gene expression among murine models of hemorrhagic shock/trauma and sepsis
This study demonstrates that the early leukocyte genomic response to sepsis and trauma are very similar in mice. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mira, J. C., Szpila, B. E., Nacionales, D. C., Lopez, M.-C., Gentile, L. F., Mathias, B. J., Vanzant, E. L., Ungaro, R., Holden, D., Rosenthal, M. D., Rincon, J., Verdugo, P. T., Larson, S. D., Moore, F. A., Brakenridge, S. C., Mohr, A. M., Baker, H. V., Tags: Genome-Wide Assocation Studies and Function Source Type: research
Interference with PPAR{gamma} in endothelium accelerates angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction
The ligand activated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in the endothelium regulates vascular function and blood pressure (BP). We previously reported that transgenic mice (E-V290M) with selectively targeted endothelial-specific expression of dominant negative PPAR exhibited endothelial dysfunction when treated with a high-fat diet, and exhibited an augmented pressor response to angiotensin II (ANG II). We hypothesize that interference with endothelial PPAR would exacerbate ANG II-induced endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function was examined in E-V290M mice infused with a subpressor do...
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hu, C., Lu, K.-T., Mukohda, M., Davis, D. R., Faraci, F. M., Sigmund, C. D. Tags: Genomic and ' Polyomic Studies of Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Diseases Source Type: research
Peripheral vascular reactivity and serum BDNF responses to aerobic training are impaired by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism
Besides neuronal plasticity, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also important in vascular function. The BDNF has been associated with angiogenesis through its specific receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Additionally, Val66Met polymorphism decreases activity-induced BDNF. Since BDNF and TrkB are expressed in vascular endothelial cells and aerobic exercise training can increase serum BDNF, this study aimed to test the hypotheses: 1) Serum BDNF levels modulate peripheral blood flow; 2) The Val66Met BDNF polymorphism impairs exercise training-induced vasodilation. We genotyped 304 healthy ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lemos, J. R., Alves, C. R., de Souza, S. B. C., Marsiglia, J. D. C., Silva, M. S. M., Pereira, A. C., Teixeira, A. L., Vieira, E. L. M., Krieger, J. E., Negrao, C. E., Alves, G. B., de Oliveira, E. M., Bolani, W., Dias, R. G., Trombetta, I. C. Tags: Systems Biology of Exercise Source Type: research
AMPK agonist AICAR delays the initial decline in lifetime-apex VO2 peak, while voluntary wheel running fails to delay its initial decline in female rats
We examined the ability of physical activity or 5 wk of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) administration to delay the initial aging-induced decline in lifetime-apex Vo2 peak and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Experiment 1 consisted of female rats with (RUN) and without (NO RUN) running wheels, while experiment 2 consisted of female nonrunning rats getting the AMPK agonist AICAR (0.5 mg/g/day) subcutaneously for 5 wk beginning at 17 wk of age. All rats underwent frequent, weekly or biweekly Vo2 peak tests beginning at 10 wk of age. In experiment 1, lifetime-apex Vo2 peak occurred a...
Source: Physiological Genomics - January 27, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Toedebusch, R. G., Ruegsegger, G. N., Braselton, J. F., Heese, A. J., Hofheins, J. C., Childs, T. E., Thyfault, J. P., Booth, F. W. Tags: Systems Biology of Exercise Source Type: research
