Properties of skeletal muscle in the teleost Sternopygus macrurus are unaffected by short-term electrical inactivity
Skeletal muscle is distinguished from other tissues on the basis of its shape, biochemistry, and physiological function. Based on mammalian studies, fiber size, fiber types, and gene expression profiles are regulated, in part, by the electrical activity exerted by the nervous system. To address whether similar adaptations to changes in electrical activity in skeletal muscle occur in teleosts, we studied these phenotypic properties of ventral muscle in the electric fish Sternopygus macrurus following 2 and 5 days of electrical inactivation by spinal transection. Our data show that morphological and biochemical properties of...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 13, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Güth, R., Chaidez, A., Samanta, M. P., Unguez, G. A. Tags: Physiological Genomics of Cell States and Their Regulation and Single Cell Genomics Source Type: research
ESR1 and PGR polymorphisms are associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast tumors
Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers express the estrogen (ERα) and/or progesterone (PgR) receptors. Inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, have been reported to predict tamoxifen effectiveness. We hypothesized that these associations could be attributed to altered tumor gene/protein expression of ESR1/ERα and that SNPs in the PGR gene predict tumor PGR/PgR expression. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tumor specimens were analyzed for ESR1 and PGR gene transcript expression by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction based Oncoty...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 13, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hertz, D. L., Henry, N. L., Kidwell, K. M., Thomas, D., Goddard, A., Azzouz, F., Speth, K., Li, L., Banerjee, M., Thibert, J. N., Kleer, C. G., Stearns, V., Hayes, D. F., Skaar, T. C., Rae, J. M. Tags: Genomics of Metabolic and Tumor/Cancer Traits Source Type: research
Circadian variation of the pancreatic islet transcriptome
This study provides unique data set on time-dependent diurnal profiles of islet gene expression and biological pathways, and suggests that diurnal variation of the islet transcriptome is an important feature of islet homeostasis, which should be taken into consideration for optimal experimental design and interpretation of future islet studies. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 13, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Rakshit, K., Qian, J., Ernst, J., Matveyenko, A. V. Tags: Genomics of Metabolic and Tumor/Cancer Traits Source Type: research
Angiotensin type 1a receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus control cardiovascular reactivity and anxiety-like behavior in male mice
This study tested the hypothesis that deletion of angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1a) from the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) attenuates anxiety-like behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and cardiovascular reactivity. We used the Cre/LoxP system to generate male mice with AT1a specifically deleted from the PVN. Deletion of the AT1a from the PVN reduced anxiety-like behavior as indicated by increased time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. In contrast, PVN AT1a deletion had no effect on HPA axis activation subsequent to an acute restraint challenge but did reduce hypot...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 31, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Wang, L., Hiller, H., Smith, J. A., de Kloet, A. D., Krause, E. G. Tags: Physiological and Genetic Control of Neural Function Source Type: research
Deep transcriptomic profiling reveals the similarity between endothelial cells cultured under static and oscillatory shear stress conditions
In conclusion, the present work compared the whole transcriptome of HCAECs under different shear stress conditions at the transcriptome level as well as at the individual gene level. We found that cultured ECs are significantly different from those under LS conditions. Thus using cells under ST conditions is unlikely to elucidate endothelial physiology. Given the revealed high similarities of the endothelial transcriptome under OS and ST conditions, it may be helpful to understand the underlying mechanisms of OS-induced endothelial dysfunction from static cultured endothelial studies. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 31, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Qiao, C., Meng, F., Jang, I., Jo, H., Chen, Y. E., Zhang, J. Tags: Genomic and ' Polyomic Studies of Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Diseases Source Type: research
Comprehensive site-specific whole genome profiling of stromal and epithelial colonic gene signatures in human sigmoid colon and rectal tissue
The strength of associations between various exposures (e.g., diet, tobacco, chemopreventive agents) and colorectal cancer risk may partially depend on the complex interaction between epithelium and stroma across anatomic subsites. Currently, baseline data describing genome-wide coding and long noncoding gene expression profiles in the healthy colon specific to tissue type and location are lacking. Therefore, colonic mucosal biopsies from 10 healthy participants who were enrolled in a clinical study to evaluate effects of lignan supplementation on gut resiliency were used to characterize the site-specific global gene expre...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 31, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Knight, J. M., Kim, E., Ivanov, I., Davidson, L. A., Goldsby, J. S., Hullar, M. A. J., Randolph, T. W., Kaz, A. M., Levy, L., Lampe, J. W., Chapkin, R. S. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Corrigendum
(Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research
Early steatohepatitis in hyperlipidemic mice with endothelial-specific gain of TRPC3 function precedes changes in aortic atherosclerosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common chronic liver diseases in developed countries. Moreover, NAFLD and NASH are considerable risk factors for atherosclerosis, the most frequent vascular pathology in these and other metabolic diseases. Despite this strong connection, current knowledge of the relationship between NAFLD/NASH and atherosclerosis is scarce. Recently, we studied hyperlipidemic Apoe knockout mice with endothelial-specific gain of transient receptor potential canonical 3 channel function (TgESTRPC3/ApoeKO) and found that these ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Smedlund, K., Dube, P., Vazquez, G. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Transcriptome meta-analysis of three follicular compartments and its correlation with ovarian follicle maturity and oocyte developmental competence in cows
Oocyte developmental competence in superstimulated cows is dependent in part on the duration of the FSH coasting. FSH coasting refers to superstimulation with FSH (2 days of endogenous FSH following follicle ablation and 3 days of FSH injections) followed by no FSH for a specific duration. The optimal duration varies among individuals. FSH coasting appears to modulate the transcriptome of different follicular compartments, which cooperate as a single functional unit. However, the integrative effects of FSH coasting on different follicular compartments remain ambiguous. Meta-analysis of three independent transcriptome studi...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Khan, D. R., Landry, D. A., Fournier, E., Vigneault, C., Blondin, P., Sirard, M.-A. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Rapid conditional targeted ablation model for hemolytic anemia in the rat
Effective methods for cell ablation are important tools for examining the anatomical, functional, and behavioral consequences of selective loss of specific cell types in animal models. We have developed an ablation system based on creating genetically modified animals that express human CD59 (hCD59), a membrane receptor, and administering intermedilysin (ILY), a toxin produced by Streptococcus intermedius, which binds specifically to hCD59 to induce cell lysis. As proof-of-concept in the rat, we generated an anemia model, SD-Tg(CD59-HBA1)Bryd, which expresses hCD59 on erythrocytes. Hemolysis is a common complication of inh...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 16, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hanson, M. M., Liu, F., Dai, S., Kearns, A., Qin, X., Bryda, E. C. Tags: Comparative, Statistical, and Computational Genomics and Model Organism Databases Source Type: research
Intrauterine growth restriction inhibits expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase, a regulator of protein translation
Nutrient deprivation suppresses protein synthesis by blocking peptide elongation. Transcriptional upregulation and activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) blocks peptide elongation by phosphorylating eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Previous studies examining placentas from intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) newborn infants show decreased eEF2K expression and activity despite chronic nutrient deprivation. However, the effect of IUGR on hepatic eEF2K expression in the fetus is unknown. We, therefore, examined the transcriptional regulation of hepatic eEF2K gene expression in a Sprague-Dawley rat model ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 3, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: McKnight, R. A., Yost, C. C., Zinkhan, E. K., Fu, Q., Callaway, C. W., Fung, C. M. Tags: Genomics of Metabolic and Tumor/Cancer Traits Source Type: research
Relationship of disease-associated gene expression to cardiac phenotype is buffered by genetic diversity and chromatin regulation
We examined the role of genetics, as well as contributions of chromatin proteins, to regulate cardiac gene expression and heart failure susceptibility. We examined gene expression in 84 genetically distinct inbred strains of control and isoproterenol-treated mice, which exhibited varying degrees of disease. Unexpectedly, fetal gene expression was not correlated with hypertrophic phenotypes. Unbiased modeling identified 74 predictors of heart mass after isoproterenol-induced stress, but these predictors did not enrich for any cardiac pathways. However, expanded analysis of fetal genes and chromatin remodelers as groups corr...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 3, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Karbassi, E., Monte, E., Chapski, D. J., Lopez, R., Rosa Garrido, M., Kim, J., Wisniewski, N., Rau, C. D., Wang, J. J., Weiss, J. N., Wang, Y., Lusis, A. J., Vondriska, T. M. Tags: Genomic and ' Polyomic Studies of Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Diseases Source Type: research
Comprehensive coverage of cardiovascular disease data in the disease portals at the Rat Genome Database
Cardiovascular diseases are complex diseases caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. To facilitate progress in complex disease research, the Rat Genome Database (RGD) provides the community with a disease portal where genome objects and biological data related to cardiovascular diseases are systematically organized. The purpose of this study is to present biocuration at RGD, including disease, genetic, and pathway data. The RGD curation team uses controlled vocabularies/ontologies to organize data curated from the published literature or imported from disease and pathway databases. These organized ann...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 3, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Wang, S.-J., Laulederkind, S. J. F., Hayman, G. T., Petri, V., Smith, J. R., Tutaj, M., Nigam, R., Dwinell, M. R., Shimoyama, M. Tags: Call for Papers: Systems Biology and Polygenic Traits Source Type: research
Serum response factor provokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy
We investigated the role of serum response factor (SRF) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The expression of SRF, epithelial markers (E-cadherin and ZO-1), and mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, collagen-1, α-SMA, FSP-1) was examined in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) or renal medulla tissues following high glucose. SRF was upregulated by SRF plasmids and downregulated by CCG-1423 (a small molecule inhibitor of SRF) to investigate how SRF influenced EMT in TECs of DN. Streptozotocin was used to generate DM in rats...
Source: Physiological Genomics - July 31, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zhao, L., Chi, L., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Meng, L., Liu, G., Guan, G., Wang, F. Tags: Genetic and Genomics Investigation of Structure and Function of the Kidney Source Type: research
Genome-wide identification of quantitative trait transcripts for blood traits in the liver samples of a White Duroc x Erhualian F2 pig resource population
Blood cell counts are important clinical indicators for health status. The liver plays a crucial role in food digestion and metabolism and is also a blood-forming organ. Here, we conducted a whole-genome quantitative trait transcript (QTT) analysis on 497 liver samples for 16 hematological traits in a White Duroc x Erhualian F2 pig resource population. A total of 20,108 transcripts were explored to detect their association with hematological traits. By using Spearman correlation coefficients, we identified 1,267 QTTs for these 16 hematological traits at the significance threshold of P < 0.001. We found 31 candidate gene...
Source: Physiological Genomics - July 31, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Xu, P., Cui, L., Huang, T., Zhang, Z., Yang, B., Chen, C., Huang, L., Duan, Y. Tags: Call for Papers: Systems Biology and Polygenic Traits Source Type: research
