Mesenchymal stem cells correct impaired diabetic wound healing by decreasing ECM proteolysis
In this study, we first demonstrated that collagen I and III protein content is significantly reduced in diabetic wounds, and treatment with MSCs significantly improves collagen I content in both nondiabetic and diabetic wounds. We then found that MMP-9 gene expression and protein content were significantly upregulated in diabetic wounds, indicating elevated proteolysis. Treatment with MSCs resulted in a decrease in MMP-9 gene expression and protein content level in diabetic wounds 3 and 7 days after wounding. Zymographic analysis indicated that MSC treatment also decreased the amount of activated MMP-9 present in diabetic...
Source: Physiological Genomics - October 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Xu, J., Zgheib, C., Hodges, M. M., Caskey, R. C., Hu, J., Liechty, K. W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Enhanced hemodynamic responses to angiotensin II in diabetes are associated with increased expression and activity of AT1 receptors in the afferent arteriole
In conclusion, we found enhanced expression of the AT1 receptor and exaggerated response to ANG II of the Af-Art in diabetes, which may contribute to the increased prevalence of hypertension in diabetes. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - October 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zhang, J., Qu, H. Y., Song, J., Wei, J., Jiang, S., Wang, L., Wang, L., Buggs, J., Liu, R. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Chronic spinal cord changes in a high-fat diet-fed male rat model of thoracic spinal contusion
Individuals that suffer injury to the spinal cord can result in long-term, debilitating sequelae. Spinal cord-injured patients have increased risk for the development of metabolic disease, which can further hinder the effectiveness of treatments to rehabilitate the cord and improve quality of life. In the present study, we sought to understand the impact of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on spinal cord injury (SCI) by examining transcriptome changes in the area of the injury and rostral and caudal to site of damage 12 wk after injury. Adult, male Long-Evans rats received either thoracic level contusion of the spinal c...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 14, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Spann, R. A., Lawson, W. J., Grill, R. J., Garrett, M. R., Grayson, B. E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Small noncoding RNA expression during extreme anoxia tolerance of annual killifish (Austrofundulus limnaeus) embryos
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNA) have recently emerged as specific and rapid regulators of gene expression, involved in a myriad of cellular and organismal processes. MicroRNAs, a class of sncRNAs, are differentially expressed in diverse taxa in response to environmental stress, including anoxia. In most vertebrates, a brief period of oxygen deprivation results in severe tissue damage or death. Studies on sncRNA and anoxia have focused on these anoxia-sensitive species. Studying sncRNAs in anoxia-tolerant organisms may provide insight into adaptive mechanisms supporting anoxia tolerance. Embryos of the annual killifish Austro...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 14, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Riggs, C. L., Podrabsky, J. E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Elevation of fumarase attenuates hypertension and can result from a nonsynonymous sequence variation or increased expression depending on rat strain
The activity of fumarase, an enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is lower in Dahl salt-sensitive SS rats compared with SS.13BN rats. SS.13BN rats have a Brown Norway (BN) allele of fumarase and exhibit attenuated hypertension. The SS allele of fumarase differs from the BN allele by a K481E sequence variation. It remains unknown whether higher fumarase activities can attenuate hypertension and whether the mechanism is relevant without the K481E variation. We developed SS-TgFh1 transgenic rats overexpressing fumarase on the background of the SS rat. Hypertension was attenuated in SS-TgFh1 rats. Mean arterial pressure in ...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 8, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Usa, K., Liu, Y., Geurts, A. M., Cheng, Y., Lazar, J., Baker, M. A., Grzybowski, M., He, Y., Tian, Z., Liang, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Symposium on single cell analysis and genomic approaches, Experimental Biology 2017 Chicago, Illinois, April 23, 2017
Emerging technologies for the analysis of genome-wide information in single cells have the potential to transform many fields of biology, including our understanding of cell states, the response of cells to external stimuli, mosaicism, and intratumor heterogeneity. At Experimental Biology 2017 in Chicago, Physiological Genomics hosted a symposium in which five leaders in the field of single cell genomics presented their recent research. The speakers discussed emerging methodologies in single cell analysis and critical issues for the analysis of single cell data. Also discussed were applications of single cell genomics to u...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 8, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Coller, H. A. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Circular RNAs in rat models of cardiovascular and renal diseases
In this study, a genome-wide circRNA profiling was performed from four rat strains that are widely used in hypertension research: the Dahl salt-sensitive rat (S), the Dahl salt-resistant rat (R), the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). Combined hybridization data obtained from these four strains allowed for the identification of 12,846 circRNAs as being expressed in the rat kidneys. Out of these, 318 and 110 circRNAs were differentially expressed with a fold change > 1.5 (P < 0.05) in S vs. R and SHR vs. WKY, respectively. Among these circRNAs, circRNA/microRNA interaction was predic...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Cheng, X., Joe, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Relationships between gastrointestinal microbiota and blood group antigens
This study offers a first insight into the relationship between the fecal microbiome and blood group antigens in secretors. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Gampa, A., Engen, P. A., Shobar, R., Mutlu, E. A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Changes in the phosphoproteome of brown adipose tissue during hibernation in the ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus
Mammalian hibernation is characterized by metabolic rate depression and a strong decrease in core body temperature that together create energy savings such that most species do not have to eat over the winter months. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermogenic tissue that uses uncoupled mitochondrial respiration to generate heat instead of ATP, plays a major role in rewarming from deep torpor. In the present study we developed a label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) strategy to investigate both differential protein expression and protein phosphorylation in BAT extracts from euthermic vs. hibernating grou...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Herinckx, G., Hussain, N., Opperdoes, F. R., Storey, K. B., Rider, M. H., Vertommen, D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Epigenetic research in multiple sclerosis: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MS likely results from a complex interplay between predisposing causal gene variants (the strongest influence coming from HLA class II locus) and environmental risk factors such as smoking, infectious mononucleosis, and lack of sun exposure/vitamin D. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying MS development and progression. Moreover, the clinical heterogeneity and variable response to treatment represent additional challenges to a comprehensive understanding and efficient treatment of disease. Epigeneti...
Source: Physiological Genomics - September 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zheleznyakova, G. Y., Piket, E., Marabita, F., Pahlevan Kakhki, M., Ewing, E., Ruhrmann, S., Needhamsen, M., Jagodic, M., Kular, L. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Comparative transcriptomics of hepatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and adult human liver tissue
In this study, we applied transcriptomics to investigate the progress of in vitro hepatic differentiation of hPSCs at the developmental stages, definitive endoderm, hepatoblasts, early hPSC-HEP, and mature hPSC-HEP, to identify functional targets that enhance efficient hepatocyte differentiation. Using functional annotation, pathway and protein interaction network analyses, we observed the grouping of differentially expressed genes in specific clusters representing typical developmental stages of hepatic differentiation. In addition, we identified hub proteins and modules that were involved in the cell cycle process at ear...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 12, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ghosheh, N., Küppers-Munther, B., Asplund, A., Edsbagge, J., Ulfenborg, B., Andersson, T. B., Björquist, P., Andersson, C. X., Caren, H., Simonsson, S., Sartipy, P., Synnergren, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Perturbations to lysyl oxidase expression broadly influence the transcriptome of lung fibroblasts
This study is the first to report that lysyl oxidases broadly influence the cell transcriptome. (Source: Physiological Genomics)
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Mizikova, I., Palumbo, F., Tabi, T., Herold, S., Vadasz, I., Mayer, K., Seeger, W., Morty, R. E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Microarray analysis of aging-associated immune system alterations in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of F344 rats
The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is an area of the brain stem that contains diverse neural substrates that are involved in systems critical for physiological function. There is evidence that aging affects some neural substrates within the RVLM, although age-related changes in RVLM molecular mechanisms are not well established. The goal of the present study was to characterize the transcriptomic profile of the aging RVLM and to test the hypothesis that aging is associated with altered gene expression in the RVLM, with an emphasis on immune system associated gene transcripts. RVLM tissue punches from young, middle-ag...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Balivada, S., Ganta, C. K., Zhang, Y., Pawar, H. N., Ortiz, R. J., Becker, K. G., Khan, A. M., Kenney, M. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Microbiome and NAFLD: potential influence of aerobic fitness and lifestyle modification
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with prevalence rates that are on the rise in the US and worldwide. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver pathologies including simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and fibrosis. The gut microbiome has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in combating metabolic diseases including obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD/NASH. Diet-induced obesity/Western style diet feeding causes severe microbial dysbiosis initiating a microbiome signature that promotes metabolite production that directly impacts hepatic metabolism. Cha...
Source: Physiological Genomics - August 1, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Panasevich, M. R., Peppler, W. T., Oerther, D. B., Wright, D. C., Rector, R. S. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Cardiac telomere length in heart development, function, and disease
Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein structures at chromosome ends, and a decrease in the number of these repeats, known as a reduction in telomere length (TL), triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis. Heart disease, the worldwide leading cause of death, often results from the loss of cardiac cells, which could be explained by decreases in TL. Due to the cell-specific regulation of TL, this review focuses on studies that have measured telomeres in heart cells and critically assesses the relationship between cardiac TL and heart function. There are several lines of evidence that have identified rapid changes in cardiac...
Source: Physiological Genomics - July 14, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Booth, S. A., Charchar, F. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
