On form and function: does chromatin packing regulate the cell cycle?
The Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation Section is dedicated to considering how we can define a cellular state and how cells transition between states. One important decision that a cell makes is whether to cycle, that is, replicate DNA and generate daughter cells, or to exit the cell cycle in a reversible manner. The members of the Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation Editorial Board have an interest in the role of epigenetics and the commitment to a dividing or nondividing state. The ability of cells to transition between proliferating and nonproliferating states is essential for the proper formation of tissues....
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 15, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Corney, D. C., Coller, H. A. Tags: Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation Source Type: research
Transcriptome sequencing revealed the genes and pathways involved in salinity stress of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
A total of 276.9 million reads were obtained and assembled into 206, 371 contigs with an average length of 614 bp and N50 of 1,470 bp. Comparison of digital gene expression between treatment and control group reveals 1,151 and 941 genes were significantly differentially expressed in crab gill and muscle, respectively. In gill and muscle, protein ubiquitination, ubiquinone biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondria dysfunction pathways were the top pathways differentially expressed following the challenge. EIF 2 signaling pathway and IGF-1 signaling pathway were the top ones among the signal-related pathways....
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Li, E., Wang, S., Li, C., Wang, X., Chen, K., Chen, L. Tags: Omics Technologies and Applications Source Type: research
Genetically determined mitochondrial preservation and cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in a consomic rat model
Cardioprotection may be genome dependent. One example is the increased tolerance to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in Brown Norway (BN) compared with Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. By narrowing the genetic difference to chromosome 6 only, we found the consomic SS6BN to be similarly IR tolerant as BN. We hypothesized that better preserved mitochondrial structure and function are genetically determined and therefore critically linked to myocardial IR tolerance associated with BN chromosome 6. Langendorff-prepared BN, SS, and SS6BN rat hearts were subjected to IR, while corresponding controls were continuously perfused. Th...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Nabbi, R., Gadicherla, A. K., Kersten, J. R., Stowe, D. F., Lazar, J., Riess, M. L. Tags: General Interest Source Type: research
Intergenerational effects of prenatal ethanol on glucose tolerance and insulin response
Consequences of prenatal exposure to ethanol (E) include morphological, physiological, and cognitive deficits and are collectively classified as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Adult prenatal E exposed offspring show insulin resistance, and given that in utero hyperglycemic environment can cause metabolic disorders in subsequent generations; we investigated the effects of grandmaternal E on functional glucose and insulin responses of the second generation. Sprague-Dawley (S) rat dams, mated with S males, received E-containing liquid diet and two different control diets between gestational days 8 and 20. Additionally, bec...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Harper, K. M., Tunc-Ozcan, E., Graf, E. N., Redei, E. E. Tags: Call for Papers: Epigenetics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
Genetic influence on exercise-induced changes in physical function among mobility-limited older adults
This study aimed to evaluate the association of ACE I/D genotypes with changes in physical function among Caucasian older adults (n = 283) following 12 mo of either structured, multimodal physical activity or health education. Measures of physical function included usual-paced gait speed and performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). After checking Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we used using linear regression to evaluate the genotype*treatment interaction for each outcome. Covariates included clinic site, body mass index, age, sex, baseline score, comorbidity, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers or AC...
Source: Physiological Genomics - March 1, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Buford, T. W., Hsu, F.-C., Brinkley, T. E., Carter, C. S., Church, T. S., Dodson, J. A., Goodpaster, B. H., McDermott, M. M., Nicklas, B. J., Yank, V., Johnson, J. A., Pahor, M., for the LIFE Research Group Tags: Call for Papers: Physiological Genomics of Exercise in Health and Disease Source Type: research
