Dual-modal artificially intelligent diagnosis of breast tumors on both shear-wave elastography and B-mode ultrasound using deep polynomial networks
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and has high mortality of 508 000 annually [1,2]. The early diagnosis of patients with breast cancer is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients and prolong their survival [3]. It is of great value to differentiate between benign and malignant breast tumors for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. At present, there are two main diagnostic methods for diagnosis of breast cancer: pathology and imaging. Pathology is the gold standard for diagnosis of breast cancer. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Qi Zhang, Shuang Song, Yang Xiao, Shuai Chen, Jun Shi, Hairong Zheng Source Type: research
Development and testing of acoustically-matched hydrogel-based electrodes for simultaneous EMG-ultrasound detection
Surface Electromyograms (EMGs) provide a measure of muscle activity that has found application in the field of muscle fatigue, myoelectric control of prosthesis, movement analysis and others [1 –5]. Ultrasound imaging allows for the in-vivo assessment of muscle architecture, often considered in clinical applications and basic research [6–9]. By combining EMG and US imaging it would be possible to fully characterize the electromechanical properties of the muscle, from the neural excitat ion to the resulting muscle tissue displacement, and their possible adaptations with aging, rehabilitation, neurological disease, and i...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: A. Botter, M. Beltrandi, G.L. Cerone, M. Gazzoni, T.M.M. Vieira Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Personalised 3D knee compliance from clinically viable knee laxity measurements: A proof of concept ex vivo experiment
Knee reconstruction surgery postoperative outcome is determined by a variety of surgery variables and their interaction specific to each patient [1]. As such, personalised models of knee mechanics are increasingly used for pre-and post-surgical assessment of knee function and for guiding the intra-operative decision-making in knee replacement and ligament reconstruction surgery [2]. For example, personalised models based on the healthy knee can be used to restore loading patterns in passive restraints in the contra-lateral injured knee whereas personalised models of the injured knee may inform the decision process for prop...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Giuliano Lamberto, Dhara Amin, Lucian Bogdan Solomon, Boyin Ding, Karen J. Reynolds, Claudia Mazz à, Saulo Martelli Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Effect of screw thread length on stiffness of proximal humerus locking plate constructs: A finite element study
Proximal humerus fractures account for 5% of all fracture types and 10% of fractures in the over-65 patient population [1,2]. While they can be treated non-operatively, their operative treatment modalities include intramedullary nails, percutaneous fixation and open reduction internal fixation with locking plates. The latter exhibits superior in vitro biomechanical performance than earlier fixation methods [3 –10]. In clinical practice, these plates are associated with issues such as screw glenohumeral perforation which have a complication rate of up to 23% [11–17]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Louise Le, Ali Jabran, Chris Peach, Lei Ren Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Modeling left ventricular dynamics using a switched system approach based on a modified atrioventricular piston unit
Patient-specific heart models have become increasingly powerful to improve diagnosis and predict therapeutic effects. Although great advances have been made to develop the three-dimensional finite element models [1,2], lumped-element models are important tools for characterizing the global function of heart and constructing multiscale models [3]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Huan Huang, Zhan Shu, Bo Song, Liya Ji, Nan Zhu Source Type: research
Towards viscoelastic characterisation of the human ulnar nerve: An early assessment using embalmed cadavers
The ulnar nerve travels through the upper limb and cubital tunnel transmitting sensation from the skin overlying the hypothenar eminence, the corresponding area of skin posteriorly, the little finger and half of the ring finger as well as supplying motor function to numerous muscles of the forearm and hand [1]. Cubital tunnel syndrome is the most prevalent neuropathy of the ulnar nerve and the second commonest neuropathy of the upper limb [2]. Its aetiology is controversial. Originally, it was thought to be due to a compressive or entrapment neuropathy [3 –5]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Carla G Barberio, Tahseen Chaudhry, Dominic M Power, Simon Tan, Bernard M Lawless, Daniel M Espino, Joanne C Wilton Source Type: research
Efficacy and efficiency of multivariate linear regression for rapid prediction of femoral strain fields during activity
Quantifying femoral strain distribution is important for studying bone adaptation [1 –3], diagnosing individuals most at risk of femoral fracture [4–6], and optimizing the biomechanical behaviour of implantable devices [7,8]. Over the last few decades, finite-element analysis has been used extensively to quantify the entire femoral strain field [9–11], and there is growing int erest in using this method to characterise strain distributions in multiple individuals [12,13] and across multiple trials and tasks [14]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Hamed Ziaeipoor, Saulo Martelli, Marcus Pandy, Mark Taylor Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Frequency response of the leap motion controller and its suitability for measuring tremor
Tremor is considered the most common movement disorder [1,2]. It can occur in a variety of movement disorders, including Essential Tremor, Dystonia, Parkinson's disease, and Cerebellar Ataxia. Tremor causes an involuntary shaking that manifests most commonly in the upper limbs, where it can significantly interfere with activities of daily living, resulting in disability [3]. Whereas tremor frequency is usually between 4 and 8 Hz, tremor amplitude varies greatly, ranging from barely perceivable to 10 cm or more, though most tremors are on the order millimeters to centimeters. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - November 28, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Clay J. Kincaid, Austin C. Vaterlaus, Nathan R. Stanford, Steven K. Charles Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Finite element analysis of knee and ankle joint during gait based on motion analysis
The lower extremity, which is responsible for supporting the entire body, is subject to various loads during motion. In particular, the knee and ankle are prone to sports-related injuries and diseases such as osteoarthritis. Much research effort has been made on analyzing the biomechanical behaviors of the lower extremity during motion. Research using dynamic simulation software such as OpenSim [1], LifeMod [2], and AnyBody [3] has been frequently employed only to obtain contact forces and muscle forces. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - November 24, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Sangbaek Park, Seungju Lee, Jeongro Yoon, Soo-Won Chae Source Type: research
Haptic interaction for needle insertion training in medical applications: The state-of-the-art
In the healthcare area, practical lessons are important to ensure that medical and clinical procedures are well understood, since poorly executed procedures can be harmful to patients. In the United States, medical errors are the third leading cause of death, behind cancer and heart disease [1]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - November 20, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Cl éber G. Corrêa, Fátima L.S. Nunes, Edith Ranzini, Ricardo Nakamura, Romero Tori Source Type: research
Accuracy of 3D surface scanners for clinical torso and spinal deformity assessment
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is typically thought of as a three-dimension deformity of the spine. The severity of the deformity is assessed using the Cobb angle [1] of the spine on a posterior-anterior radiograph. The change in the patients ’ Cobb angle over time can then be used to prescribe treatments – either operative or non-operative, and to assess the effectiveness of the chosen treatment. Using only the Cobb angle however, is an overly simplistic view of this condition, with the deformity being present not only in the spine, but also in the rib cage creating a whole torso deformity. (Source: Medical Eng...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - November 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Caroline A. Grant, Melissa Johnston, Clayton J. Adam, J. Paige Little Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Stochastic analysis of a heterogeneous micro-finite element model of a mouse tibia
Micro computed tomography ( μCT) imaging has become an important tool to reveal the detailed internal structure of bone, both ex vivo and in vivo [1,2]. μCT images can be used to generate micro-finite element (μFE) models, in which the element size is on the order of micrometers, to investigate the mechanical behavior of bo ne, the mechanism of bone mechano-regulation, and the strength of bone after medical intervention [3–8]. Because the homogeneous μFE models lack realistic spatial variations in bone properties and exhibit limited accuracy, heterogeneous μFE models with heterogeneous material properties have been ...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - November 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Yongtao Lu, Di Zuo, Junyan Li, Yiqian He Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Robotic hip joint testing: Development and experimental protocols
Advances in computer science and sensor technology have expanded the use of robots to cover new grounds in aerospace, mining, environmental monitoring, medical engineering and several other applications that require high accuracy, repeatability, manoeuvrability and flexibility. In biomechanics, robots combined with force sensors are replacing conventional systems built around instruments where one or two degrees of freedom (DOF) are controlled in displacement while the remaining DOFs are controlled using weights or passive mechanisms. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - November 9, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Hadi EL Daou, K.C. Geoffrey Ng, Richard Van Arkel, Jonathan R.T. Jeffers, Ferdinando Rodriguez y Baena Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Finite element model of load adaptive remodelling induced by orthodontic forces
It is generally assumed that orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is caused by the load-adaptive response of the bone to the applied orthodontic forces and moments. However, the biomechanical mechanisms that lead to tooth movement are still not well understood and several hypotheses have been formulated. In a recent study, McCormack et al. [1] provided a detailed overview of these earlier hypotheses. They distinguished between the ‘pressure tension’ hypothesis assuming that bone resorption will occur owing to compression [2,3], the ‘alveolar bending’ hypothesis assuming that strain gradients in the bone are responsible...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - October 20, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Jasna Leder Horina, Bert van Rietbergen, Tanja Jur čević Lulić Tags: Communication Source Type: research
Development and validation of a robotic system for ankle joint testing
In vitro testing is widely used to assess the contribution of different soft tissues in joints kinematics. This is achieved by measuring the load –displacement relationship under load or displacement control. Typical load–displacement curves have low and high stiffness regions. In the low stiffness region, large displacements occur from small loading. Large loads occur with very small displacements in the high stiffness region. This impli es the need for high precision in measuring the loads and displacements for the low and high regions, respectively [1]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - October 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Hadi El. Daou, James D. Calder, Joanna M. Stephen Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
