Instantaneous VO2 from a wearable device
To allow for the analysis of a person ’s cardiovascular fitness, the volume of oxygen they utilise per minute is calculated (VO2), typically expressed as a relative rate in millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body mass per minute (mL kg min). VO2 is the standard measurement of a person’s metabolic rate and subsequently their phy sical activity as the metabolic equivalent of task (MET), where 1 MET is equivalent to a VO2 of 3.5 [1]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Andrew J. Cook, Ben Ng, Gaetano D. Gargiulo, Diane Hindmarsh, Mark Pitney, Torsten Lehmann, Tara Julia Hamilton Source Type: research
An adaptive, real-time cadence algorithm for unconstrained sensor placement
All forms of human locomotion are cyclic in nature. Understandably, the detection of the fundamental movement frequency (cadence) is of interest and has served as a basis for physical activity assessment [1,2], activity recognition [3,4] and detection of spatiotemporal events within the gait cycle (e.g. initial contact, toe-off) [5 –8]. In addition, cadence is related to energy expenditure in running [12], swimming [9], skating [10] and rowing [11] and impact forces [13] in running. The use of electronic devices, such as sport watches and smartphones, is rapidly increasing [14]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 16, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: B.T. van Oeveren, C.J. de Ruiter, P.J. Beek, S.M. Rispens, J.H. van Die ën Source Type: research
Sin-quadratic model for chest tomosynthesis respiratory signal analysis and its application in four dimensional chest tomosynthesis reconstruction
Lung cancer is one of the most common fatal cancers in both developing and developed countries [1]. Up to now, the chest X-ray radiography (CXR) remains the most commonly used imaging modality for pulmonary lesion detection with the advantages of low radiation dose, low cost and high throughput [2]. Nevertheless, CXR produces two dimensional images containing superimposed anatomic structures, which reduces its sensitivity and specificity for the detection of thoracic abnormalities [3,4]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - January 11, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Xi Tao, Hua Zhang, Genggeng Qin, Jianhua Ma, Qianjin Feng, Wufan Chen Source Type: research
Editorial
The start of a New Year is traditionally the time to reflect on the past and look forward to the year ahead. Readers and contributors alike may be interested to know that the Journal's Impact Factor rose from 1.619 to 1.819 in 2017. (The 5-year Impact Factor is 2.174, placing the Journal 38th out of 77 titles in the ‘Engineering, Biomedical’ category.)1 It is encouraging to note also that the number of review article submissions has increased since the appointment of our new Associate Editor (Reviews), with 7 such articles having been accepted for publication last year. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Richard A. Black (PhD CSci CEng FIMechE FIPEM) Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to Reviewers 2017
(Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
In vitro simulation of fretting-corrosion in hip implant modular junctions: The influence of pH
CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V are the most commonly used materials in total hip arthroplasties due to their combination of preferential attributes such as high strength, high resistance to corrosion, biocompatibility and high capacity to integrate with bone and other tissues [1,2]. Various physiological conditions present an aggressive chemical and mechanical environment to the implant [1,3 –5]. This leads to degradation of the implant material, and under extreme conditions, subsequent implant failure [1,3–5]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Dmitry Royhman, Megha Patel, Joshua J. Jacobs, Markus A. Wimmer, Nadim J. Hallab, Mathew T. Mathew Source Type: research
In vitro validation of measurement of volume elastic modulus using photoplethysmography
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the foremost cause of death globally, with numerous risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesteremia, smoking and obesity associated with their development and progression [1 –3]. Many studies have reported that the presence of these factors is related to a change in the mechanical properties of the arterial wall and an increase in Arterial Stiffness (AS) [4–8]. AS describes the reduced capability of an artery to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Haneen Njoum, Panayiotis A Kyriacou Source Type: research
Concurrent prediction of ground reaction forces and moments and tibiofemoral contact forces during walking using musculoskeletal modelling
Knowledge of the knee joint mechanics during daily activities is highly significant for refining implant design, evaluating the functional outcomes and understanding the mechanism of polyethylene wear in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) [1 –3]. However, in vivo knee forces are difficult to measure with non-invasive method [4]. Although several studies [5–7] provided valuable information of the in vivo tibiofemoral (TF) forces after TKA using instrumented knee prostheses. These reported data were limited to a small number of subjec ts, implants and gait styles, and the generality of the measurement data was uncertain [8]. ...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 18, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Yinghu Peng, Zhifeng Zhang, Yongchang Gao, Zhenxian Chen, Hua Xin, Qida Zhang, Xunjian Fan, Zhongmin Jin Source Type: research
A surface-based approach to determine key spatial parameters of the acetabulum in a standardized pelvic coordinate system
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered to be a successful treatment for patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis [1]. Diseases and surgical procedures of the hip are inherently three-dimensional (3D), occurring in and around the proximal femur and the acetabulum. With the advent of cementless implants, the orientation of the femoral component must be consistent with the geometry of the femoral medullary cavity. Correct implantation of the acetabular component in THA is critical with respect to long-term survival as well as short-term complications [2]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 18, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Xiaojun Chen, Pengfei Jia, Yiping Wang, Henghui Zhang, Liao Wang, Alejandro F. Frangi, Zeike A. Taylor Source Type: research
Full-field strain distribution in multi-vertebra spine segments: An in vitro application of digital image correlation
The spine consists in a sequence of hard (vertebrae) and soft tissue (intervertebral discs), stabilized by ligaments. Spine characterization is a fundamental challenge in biomechanics because it could help engineers and clinicians to better understand physiological/pathological conditions, and to design better implants [1, 2]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 8, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Marco Palanca, Miguel Marco, Maria Luisa Ruspi, Luca Cristofolini Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Detection of ventricular premature beats based on the pressure signals of a hemodialysis machine
It is well-known that ventricular premature beats (VPBs) are frequent in dialysis patients [1,2], and increase in number when excess potassium is removed [3]. Ventricular arrhythmias in dialysis patients have been studied in long-term, ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, showing that VPBs are much more frequent during hemodialysis than during the postdialysis period [4]. Patients with regional wall motion abnormalities, ischemic heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy have a higher rate of VPBs during hemodialysis than have patients without these diseases. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 8, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Mattias Holmer, Juan Pablo Mart ínez, Eduardo Gil, Frida Sandberg, Bo Olde, Leif Sörnmo Source Type: research
Validation of single-plane fluoroscopy and 2D/3D shape-matching for quantifying shoulder complex kinematics
Quantifying shoulder kinematics is often fundamental to many clinical questions regarding the development and/or progression of orthopaedic conditions including rotator cuff disease and multidirectional instability. Traditional methods to non-invasively quantify kinematics include optical and electromagnetic motion capture. However, these methods are subject to skin motion artifact [1 –3]. Other studies quantified kinematics by attaching motion sensors to pins inserted directly into bones [4,5]. While these studies provide a more accurate description of joint motion, they are limited by small sample sizes due to the inva...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 8, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Rebekah L. Lawrence, Arin M. Ellingson, Paula M. Ludewig Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Instrumented socket inserts for sensing interaction at the limb-socket interface
Custom stiff plastic inserts that snap together to fit within prosthetic sockets have previously been made using 3D additive fabrication methods [1]. They may be useful to practitioners as a temporary solution for lower limb prosthesis users who have lost excessive limb volume. Unlike socks or pads, custom plastic inserts are stiff and provide mechanical support similar to a prosthetic socket. By placing custom inserts within sockets to reduce size and adjust shape, practitioners reduce the patient's sock thickness and improve limb-socket coupling and stability. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 8, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Eric C. Swanson, Jake B. McLean, Katheryn J. Allyn, Christian B. Redd, Joan E. Sanders Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Inducing targeted failure in cadaveric testing of 3-segment spinal units with and without simulated metastases
Spinal bone metastases compromise the structural integrity of vertebral bone tissue and thus negatively affect vertebral bone strength and increase the risk of pathological fractures. Pathological vertebral fractures are accompanied by severe pain and can lead to spinal deformations and neurological complications such as spinal cord compression [1,2], all of which have a significant and negative impact on the quality of life [3,4]. (Source: Medical Engineering and Physics)
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 8, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Karlijn H.J. Groenen, Dennis Janssen, Yvette M. van der Linden, Jan G.M. Kooloos, Jasper Homminga, Nico Verdonschot, Esther Tanck Tags: Technical note Source Type: research
Integrated experimental and computational approach to laser machining of structural bone
An osteotomy is one of the bone shaping techniques used during orthopaedic surgeries. Orthopaedic surgical techniques have evolved through adaptation and integration of sensors and CAD based generation of patient specific instrumentation and bone cutting parameters. However, surgeries are still largely done by surgeons using conventional mechanical tools such as saw, osteotome, and burr [1]. Hence, conventional orthopaedic surgery depends on human and tool attributes resulting in poor reproducibility and thermally driven necrosis due to friction/abrasion between cutting tool and bone for extended period [2 –6]. (Source: ...
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - December 8, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Narendra B. Dahotre, Soundarapandian Santhanakrishnan, Sameehan S. Joshi, Riaz J.K. Khan, Daniel P. Fick, William B. Robertson, Raymond K. Sheh, Charlie N. Ironside Source Type: research
