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Cardiac Overexpression of S100A6 Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Reduces Infarct Size After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion [Coronary Heart Disease]
ConclusionsS100A6 overexpression by ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction helps ameliorate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion, resulting in lower mortality and improved left ventricular systolic function post–ischemia‐reperfusion via attenuation of apoptosis, reduction in cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced infarct size. Our results indicate that S100A6 is a potential therapeutic target for acute myocardial infarction. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mofid, A., Newman, N. S., Lee, P. J. H., Abbasi, C., Matkar, P. N., Rudenko, D., Kuliszewski, M. A., Chen, H. H., Afrasiabi, K., Tsoporis, J. N., Gramolini, A. O., Connelly, K. A., Parker, T. G., Leong-Poi, H. Tags: Calcium Cycling/Excitation-Contraction Coupling, Gene Therapy, Ischemia, Hypertrophy, Myocardial Infarction Original Research Source Type: research

Serum N1-Methylnicotinamide is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease in Chinese Patients [Coronary Heart Disease]
BackgroundWe previously reported that serum N1‐methylnicotinamide (me‐Nam), an indicator of nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase activity, is associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients. However, whether nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase plays a role in human coronary artery disease (CAD) remains to be elucidated. We aim to investigate the associations of serum me‐Nam with CAD in Chinese patients.Methods and ResultsSerum me‐NAM was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry in patients with (n=230) or without (n=103) CAD as defined by coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was exp...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Liu, M., Chu, J., Gu, Y., Shi, H., Zhang, R., Wang, L., Chen, J., Shen, L., Yu, P., Chen, X., Ju, W., Wang, Z. Tags: Inflammation, Coronary Artery Disease Original Research Source Type: research

Early Rehospitalization After Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay Post Cardiac Surgery: Outcomes and Modifiable Risk Factors [Cardiovascular Surgery]
BackgroundProlonged intensive care unit length of stay (prICULOS) following cardiac surgery (CS) in older adults is increasingly common but rehospitalization characteristics and outcomes are understudied. We sought to describe the rehospitalization characteristics and subsequent non‐institutionalized survival of prICULOS (ICULOS ≥5 days) patients and identify modifiable risk factors to decrease 30‐day rehospitalization.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011 were analyzed utilizing linked clinical and administrative databases. Logistic regression was used to identify risk fa...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manji, R. A., Arora, R. C., Singal, R. K., Hiebert, B. M., Menkis, A. H. Tags: Cardiovascular Surgery, Health Services, Mortality/Survival, Quality and Outcomes Original Research Source Type: research

Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Efficiency in Aortic Valve Stenosis Patients With and Without Heart Failure [Valvular Heart Disease]
BackgroundMyocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and its coupling to contractile work are fundamentals of cardiac function and may be involved causally in the transition from compensated left ventricular hypertrophy to failure. Nevertheless, these processes have not been studied previously in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS).Methods and ResultsParticipants underwent 11C‐acetate positron emission tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and echocardiography to measure MVO2 and myocardial external efficiency (MEE) defined as the ratio of left ventricular stroke work and the energy equivalent of MVO2. We studied...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hansson, N. H. S., Sorensen, J., Harms, H. J., Kim, W. Y., Nielsen, R., Tolbod, L. P., Frokiar, J., Bouchelouche, K., Dodt, K. K., Sihm, I., Poulsen, S. H., Wiggers, H. Tags: Metabolism, Heart Failure, Valvular Heart Disease, Imaging, Nuclear Cardiology and PET Original Research Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk-Factor Burden in Urban and Rural Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Regions of China: A Large Community-Based Epidemiological Study [Epidemiology]
BackgroundMost cardiovascular diseases occur in low‐ and middle‐income regions of the world, but the socioeconomic distribution within China remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate whether the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases differs among high‐, middle‐, and low‐income regions of China and to explore the reasons for the disparities.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 46 285 individuals from 115 urban and rural communities in 12 provinces across China between 2005 and 2009. We recorded their medical histories of cardiovascular diseases and calculated the INTERHEART Risk Score for the assessment of cardiov...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yan, R., Li, W., Yin, L., Wang, Y., Bo, J., PURE-China Investigators Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Risk Factors Original Research Source Type: research

Beta-Blocker Use Is Associated With Impaired Left Atrial Function in Hypertension [Hypertension]
BackgroundImpaired left atrial (LA) mechanical function is present in hypertension and likely contributes to various complications, including atrial arrhythmias, stroke, and heart failure. Various antihypertensive drug classes exert differential effects on central hemodynamics and left ventricular function. However, little is known about their effects on LA function.Methods and ResultsWe studied 212 subjects with hypertension and without heart failure or atrial fibrillation. LA strain was measured from cine steady‐state free‐precession cardiac MRI images using feature‐tracking algorithms. In multivariable models adju...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sardana, M., Syed, A. A., Hashmath, Z., Phan, T. S., Koppula, M. R., Kewan, U., Ahmed, Z., Chandamuri, R., Varakantam, S., Shah, E., Gorz, R., Akers, S. R., Chirinos, J. A. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Original Research Source Type: research

Randomized Trial of Compression Duration After Transradial Cardiac Catheterization and Intervention [Interventional Cardiology]
ConclusionsUltrashort radial clamp application of 20 minutes is not preferable to a short duration of 60 minutes. The 60‐minute clamp duration is safe and provides good access site hemostasis with low RAO rates.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02269722. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lavi, S., Cheema, A., Yadegari, A., Israeli, Z., Levi, Y., Wall, S., Alemayehu, M., Parviz, Y., Murariu, B.-D., McPherson, T., Syed, J., Bagur, R. Tags: Clinical Studies, Angiography, Catheter-Based Coronary and Valvular Interventions, Complications Original Research Source Type: research

Implications of Blood Pressure Measurement Technique for Implementation of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) [Hypertension]
BackgroundCardiovascular morbidity and mortality was reduced by 25% when blood pressure (BP) was targeted to 120 mm Hg systolic compared with 140 mm Hg systolic in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT); however, BP was measured using a research technique. SPRINT specified 5 minutes of seated rest in a quiet room followed by 3 oscillometric measurements without an observer in the room. The relationship of this research‐grade methodology to routine BP measurements is not known.Methods and ResultsAmong 275 people with chronic kidney disease who had BP (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Agarwal, R. Tags: Hypertension Original Research Source Type: research

Novel Thrombolytic Drug Based on Thrombin Cleavable Microplasminogen Coupled to a Single-Chain Antibody Specific for Activated GPIIb/IIIa [Coronary Heart Disease]
BackgroundThrombolytic therapy for acute thrombosis is limited by life‐threatening side effects such as major bleeding and neurotoxicity. New treatment options with enhanced fibrinolytic potential are therefore required. Here, we report the development of a new thrombolytic molecule that exploits key features of thrombosis. We designed a recombinant microplasminogen modified to be activated by the prothrombotic serine‐protease thrombin (HtPlg), fused to an activation‐specific anti–glycoprotein IIb/IIIa single‐chain antibody (SCE5), thereby hijacking the coagulation system to initiate thrombolysis.Methods and Resu...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bonnard, T., Tennant, Z., Niego, B., Kanojia, R., Alt, K., Jagdale, S., Law, L. S., Rigby, S., Medcalf, R. L., Peter, K., Hagemeyer, C. E. Tags: Coronary Artery Disease, Thrombosis, Vascular Disease Original Research Source Type: research

Preprocedural Prediction Model for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Patients [Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease]
ConclusionsThe newly established model shows excellent predictive ability of CIN development and thereby provides preventative measures for CIN. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yin, W.-ȷun, Yi, Y.-h., Guan, X.-f., Zhou, L.-y., Wang, J.-l., Li, D.-y., Zuo, X.-c. Tags: Clinical Studies, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Computerized Tomography (CT), Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Original Research Source Type: research

Validation of the Prognostic Utility of the Electrocardiogram for Acute Drug Overdose [Health Services and Outcomes Research]
ConclusionsThis study confirms that early ECG evaluation is essential to assess the cardiovascular prognosis and medical clearance of emergency department patients with acute drug overdose. Furthermore, this study validates previously derived high‐risk features of the admission ECG to risk stratify for ACVE in this patient population. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manini, A. F., Nair, A. P., Vedanthan, R., Vlahov, D., Hoffman, R. S. Tags: Clinical Studies, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, Electrocardiology (ECG), Prognosis Original Research Source Type: research

Tissue Transglutaminase Modulates Vascular Stiffness and Function Through Crosslinking-Dependent and Crosslinking-Independent Functions [Vascular Medicine]
ConclusionsTG2 modulates vascular function/tone by altering SMC contractility independent of its crosslinking function and contributes to vascular stiffness by regulating SMC proliferation and matrix remodeling. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steppan, J., Bergman, Y., Viegas, K., Armstrong, D., Tan, S., Wang, H., Melucci, S., Hori, D., Park, S. Y., Barreto, S. F., Isak, A., Jandu, S., Flavahan, N., Butlin, M., An, S. S., Avolio, A., Berkowitz, D. E., Halushka, M. K., Santhanam, L. Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Cell Biology/Structural Biology, Vascular Biology Original Research Source Type: research

Healthcare Resource Availability, Quality of Care, and Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcomes [Health Services and Outcomes Research]
ConclusionsSignificant variation exists in regional availability of healthcare resources for acute ischemic stroke treatment, yet among Get With the Guidelines‐Stroke hospitals, quality of care and in‐hospital outcomes did not differ by regional resource availability. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: O'Brien, E. C., Wu, J., Zhao, X., Schulte, P. J., Fonarow, G. C., Hernandez, A. F., Schwamm, L. H., Peterson, E. D., Bhatt, D. L., Smith, E. E. Tags: Quality and Outcomes, Ischemic Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth: Role of Sex and Aneurysm Etiology [Vascular Medicine]
ConclusionsTAA growth rates are greater in women than men, and this difference is specific to women with degenerative TAAs. Our findings may explain sex differences in TAA outcomes and provide a foundation for future investigations of this topic. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cheung, K., Boodhwani, M., Chan, K.-L., Beauchesne, L., Dick, A., Coutinho, T. Tags: Etiology, Risk Factors, Women, Aneurysm, Aortic Dissection Original Research Source Type: research

Serum Acylcarnitines and Risk of Cardiovascular Death and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris [Preventive Cardiology]
ConclusionsAmong patients with suspected stable angina pectoris, elevated serum even‐chained acylcarnitines were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death and, to a lesser degree with acute myocardial infarction, independent of traditional risk factors.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00354081. (Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association)
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Strand, E., Pedersen, E. R., Svingen, G. F. T., Olsen, T., Bȷorndal, B., Karlsson, T., Dierkes, J., Nȷolstad, P. R., Mellgren, G., Tell, G. S., Berge, R. K., Svardal, A., Nygard, O. Tags: Biomarkers, Risk Factors, Myocardial Infarction, Mortality/Survival, Vascular Disease Original Research Source Type: research