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Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - April 15, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Genetic and epigenetic variation in the DNMT3B and MTHFR genes and colorectal adenoma risk
Polymorphisms in DNMT3B and MTHFR have been implicated in cancer etiology; however, it is increasingly clear that gene‐specific DNA methylation also affects gene expression. A cross‐sectional study (N = 272) investigated the main and joint effects of polymorphisms and DNA methylation in DNMT3B and MTHFR on colorectal adenoma risk. Polymorphisms examined included DNMT3B c.−6‐1045G > T, and MTHFR c.665C > T and c.1286A > C. DNA methylation of 66 and 28 CpG sites in DNMT3B and MTHFR, respectively, was quantified in blood leukocytes using Sequenom EpiTYPER®. DNA methylation was conceptualized ...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - April 7, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Vikki Ho, Janet E. Ashbury, Sherryl Taylor, Stephen Vanner, Will D. King Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soluble and particulate cobalt in human lung epithelial cells
Cobalt is a toxic metal used in various industrial applications leading to adverse lung effects by inhalation. Cobalt is considered a possible human carcinogen with the lung being a primary target. However, few studies have considered cobalt‐induced toxicity in human lung cells, especially normal lung epithelial cells. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of particulate and soluble cobalt in normal primary human lung epithelial cells. Cobalt oxide and cobalt chloride were used as representative particulate and soluble cobalt compounds, respectively. Exposure to both particula...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - April 3, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hong Xie, Leah J. Smith, Amie L. Holmes, Tongzhang Zheng, John Pierce Wise Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

DNA repair variants and breast cancer risk
A functional DNA repair system has been identified as important in the prevention of tumour development. Previous studies have hypothesized that common polymorphisms in DNA repair genes could play a role in breast cancer risk and also identified the potential for interactions between these polymorphisms and established breast cancer risk factors such as physical activity. Associations with breast cancer risk for 99 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genes in ten DNA repair pathways were examined in a case–control study including both Europeans (644 cases, 809 controls) and East Asians (299 cases, 160 controls). ...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - March 31, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Anne Grundy, Harriet Richardson, Johanna M. Schuetz, Igor Burstyn, John J. Spinelli, Angela Brooks‐Wilson, Kristan J. Aronson Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Evaluation of genotoxicity of general anesthesia maintained with desflurane in patients under minor surgery
This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of desflurane in 15 patients without comorbidities, of both sexes, who underwent minor surgeries lasting at least 90 min. Patients enrolled in the study received desflurane anesthesia (6%); blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction (T0), 90 min after the beginning of anesthesia (T1), and on the day following surgery (T2). DNA damage was evaluated in lymphocytes using the alkaline comet assay. We found statistically significant increases in DNA damage in T2 samples compared to T0. The findings suggest that desflurane anesthesia induces DNA strand breaks/alk...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - March 31, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Flávia R. Nogueira, Leandro G. Braz, Leonardo R. de Andrade, Ana Lygia R. de Carvalho, Luiz A. Vane, Norma Sueli P. Módolo, Aline G. Aun, Kátina M. Souza, José Reinaldo C. Braz, Mariana G. Braz Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research