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Genomic damage induced by 1 ‐MHz ultrasound in vitro
Genotoxic effects of therapeutic ultrasound are poorly documented, when compared with the wide use of this physical agent. The aim of this work was to investigate the clastogenic and aneugenic potential of 1 MHz ultrasound, employing intensities (200 and 300 mW/cm2) above the cavitational threshold, but in the range of those normally used in therapeutics. Both normal fibroblasts (AG01522) and tumoral cells (MCF‐7) were sonicated. While no effects on viability were noted, significant increases of CREST‐negative micronuclei (indicative of clastogenesis) and CREST‐positive micronuclei (indicative of aneuploidy) were det...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - August 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ion Udroiu, Jessica Marinaccio, Angelico Bedini, Claudia Giliberti, Raffaele Palomba, Antonella Sgura Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Variation in organ ‐specific PIK3CA and KRAS mutant levels in normal human tissues correlates with mutation prevalence in corresponding carcinomas
This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society (Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis)
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 29, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Barbara L. Parsons, Karen L. McKim, Meagan B. Myers Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Erratum
(Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis)
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 17, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Erratum Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis)
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 17, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

A study of DNA damage in buccal cells of consumers of well ‐ and/or tap‐water using the comet assay: Assessment of occupational exposure to genotoxicants
This study was based on a genotoxic evaluation of buccal cells using the Comet assay technique. Levels of DNA damage in the consumers group were significantly higher than those of the control group. However, occupational exposure to genotoxicants showed to be the critical factor rather than water consumption. Taking into account the professions of well‐ and/or tap‐water consumers, agricultural workers exposed directly (those who fumigated) or indirectly (those not involved in fumigating) to agrochemicals showed greater genetic damage than controls. This difference persisted even when age, and whether the person smoked ...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 17, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Celia Vazquez Boucard, Larisa Lee ‐Cruz, Laurence Mercier, Martín Ramírez Orozco, Vania Serrano Pinto, Gerardo Anguiano, Linette Cazares, Daniel Díaz Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Polymorphisms of xenobiotic ‐metabolizing genes and colorectal cancer risk in patients with lynch syndrome: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
This study investigated whether CYP, GST, and NAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Lynch syndrome. The interaction between these SNPs and cigarette smoking or meat consumption was also explored. We identified 270 patients with Lynch syndrome from the Taiwan Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Consortium. A weighted Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). The GSTA1 rs3957356 TT (HR = 5.36, 95% CI = 2.39–12.0) and CYP1B1 rs1056836 CC (HR = 7.24, 95% CI = 3.51–14.9...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 17, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Abram Bunya Kamiza, Jeng ‐Fu You, Wen‐Chang Wang, Reiping Tang, Chun‐Yu Chang, Huei‐Tzu Chien, Chih‐Hsiung Lai, Li‐Ling Chiu, Tsai‐Ping Lo, Kuan‐Yi Hung, Chao A. Hsiung, Chih‐Ching Yeh Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Applying the erythrocyte Pig ‐a assay concept to rat epididymal sperm for germ cell mutagenicity evaluation
In conclusion, these data suggest that the epidiymal sperm Pig‐a assay in rats is a promising method for evaluating germ cell mutagenicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis)
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 17, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Zhiying Ji, Matthew J. LeBaron Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Assessment of the DNA damaging potential of environmental chemicals using a quantitative high ‐throughput screening approach to measure p53 activation
Genotoxicity potential is a critical component of any comprehensive toxicological profile. Compounds that induce DNA or chromosomal damage often activate p53, a transcription factor essential to cell cycle regulation. Thus, within the US Tox21 Program, we screened a library of ∼10,000 (∼8,300 unique) environmental compounds and drugs for activation of the p53‐signaling pathway using a quantitative high‐throughput screening assay employing HCT‐116 cells (p53+/+) containing a stably integrated β‐lactamase reporter gene under control of the p53 response element (p53RE). Cells were exposed (‐S9) for 16 hr at 15 ...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 17, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kristine L. Witt, Jui ‐Hua Hsieh, Stephanie L. Smith‐Roe, Menghang Xia, Ruili Huang, Jinghua Zhao, Scott S. Auerbach, Junguk Hur, Raymond R. Tice Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ‐irradiated mice
Ionizing radiation exposure is harmful and at high doses can lead to acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome. Therefore, agents that can protect hematopoietic system are important for development of radioprotector. Sesamol is a potential molecule for development of radioprotector due to its strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. In the present study, sesamol was evaluated for its role in DNA damage and repair in hematopoietic system of γ‐irradiated CB57BL/6 mice and compared with amifostine. C57BL/6 male mice were administered with sesamol 20 mg/kg (i.p.) followed by 2 Gy whole body irradiation (WBI) ...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Arun Kumar, Sandeep Choudhary, Jawahar S. Adhikari, Nabo K. Chaudhury Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The development and validation of EpiComet ‐Chip, a modified high‐throughput comet assay for the assessment of DNA methylation status
DNA damage and alterations in global DNA methylation status are associated with multiple human diseases and are frequently correlated with clinically relevant information. Therefore, assessing DNA damage and epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, is critical for predicting human exposure risk of pharmacological and biological agents. We previously developed a higher‐throughput platform for the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay, CometChip, to assess DNA damage and genotoxic potential. Here, we utilized the methylation‐dependent endonuclease, McrBC, to develop a modified alkaline comet assay, ...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Todd A. Townsend, Marcus C. Parrish, Bevin P. Engelward, Mugimane G. Manjanatha Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Increased level of DNA damage in some organs of obese Zucker rats by γ‐H2AX analysis
In a recent study, we showed that lymphocytes of obese Italian children/adolescents displayed levels of double strand breaks (DSB), assayed as serine 139‐phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ‐H2AX), about eightfold higher than normal weight controls, and that 30% of this damage‐generated micronuclei. These findings suggested that obese children could be at increased risk of obesity‐mediated cancer later in life. We therefore aimed to assess the level of γ‐H2AX in a genetic animal model of obesity (Zucker rat) to identify a genotoxic/carcinogenic risk in some organs. The DSB marker was studied in 3‐ to 4‐week‐old...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - July 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Alessia Azzar à, Anna Chiaramonte, Erika Filomeni, Barbara Pinto, Stefano Mazzoni, Simona Piaggi, Maria Angela Guzzardi, Fabrizio Bruschi, Patricia Iozzo, Roberto Scarpato Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Associations between arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) and N ‐6 adenine‐specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) polymorphisms, arsenic metabolism, and cancer risk in a chilean population
Inter‐individual differences in arsenic metabolism have been linked to arsenic‐related disease risks. Arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (AS3MT) is the primary enzyme involved in arsenic metabolism, and we previously demonstrated in vitro that N‐6 adenine‐specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) also methylates the toxic inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolite, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA), to the less toxic dimethylarsonic acid (DMA). Here, we evaluated whether AS3MT and N6AMT1 gene polymorphisms alter arsenic methylation and impact iAs‐related cancer risks. We assessed AS3MT and N6AMT1 polymorphisms and urinary arseni...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - June 22, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Rosemarie de la Rosa, Craig Steinmaus, Nicholas K. Akers, Lucia Conde, Catterina Ferreccio, David Kalman, Kevin R. Zhang, Christine F. Skibola, Allan H. Smith, Luoping Zhang, Martyn T. Smith Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Applied genetic toxicology: From principles to practice
(Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis)
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - June 16, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Catherine F. Gibbons, Matthew J. LeBaron Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis)
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - June 16, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Three lessons for genetic toxicology from baseball analytics
In many respects the evolution of baseball statistics mirrors advances made in the field of genetic toxicology. From its inception, baseball and statistics have been inextricably linked. Generations of players and fans have used a number of relatively simple measurements to describe team and individual player's current performance, as well as for historical record‐keeping purposes. Over the years, baseball analytics has progressed in several important ways. Early advances were based on deriving more meaningful metrics from simpler forerunners. Now, technological innovations are delivering much deeper insights. Videograph...
Source: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - June 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Stephen D. Dertinger Tags: Editorial Source Type: research