Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Applying the 3Rs to non-human primate research: Barriers and solutions
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Mark J. Prescott, Jan A. Langermans, Ian Ragan Progress is being made in the development and application of methods to replace, reduce and refine the use of non-human primates (NHPs) in biomedical research and testing of products and devices. However, there remain considerable cultural and practical barriers to widespread uptake of available 3Rs techniques and to further advancement of the 3Rs in NHP research, over and above scientific obstacles. While most of these barriers apply also to the use of other vertebr...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - December 16, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Non-human primate models for disease and human biology: The impact of the Major Histocompatibility Complex
Publication date: Available online 6 December 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Gaby G.M. Doxiadis, Ronald E. Bontrop MHC class I and II molecules play an important role in the adaptive immune response. The genes encoding the MHC molecules are highly polymorphic, thus enabling each molecule to bind a unique repertoire of peptides, which are then presented to T cells, and may induce an immune reaction. MHC class I and II alleles of non-human primates (NHP) have been shown to influence the susceptibility or resistance to various diseases: for example, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthriti...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - December 16, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Overview of 3Rs opportunities in drug discovery and development using non-human primates
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Helen Prior, Fiona Sewell, Jane Stewart Non-human primates (NHPs) are included within safety testing programmes for potential new medicines when justified as the relevant species for use. Although the NHP is often the only relevant species for the testing of large molecule biotherapeutics, a proportion of small molecule compounds may also require testing in NHPs, when other non-rodent species are unsuitable. Whilst the toxicology studies continue to be required for regulatory submissions, there are opportunities t...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - December 16, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Pancreatic islet xenotransplantation
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Melanie L. Graham, Henk-Jan Schuurman This review presents an overview on the present status of xenogeneic islet cell transplantation. In four sections we present (1) a short introduction on clinical islet transplantation using islets from deceased humans, ending with the rationale for xenogeneic islet transplantation; (2) porcine islet survival and function in diabetic nonhuman primates; (3) features in this animal model that are relevant for clinical development; and (4) limitations and translational value of the...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - December 16, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
An Opinion on non-human primates testing in Europe
Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Michelle M. Epstein, Theo Vermeire The Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) responded to a mandate from the European Commission on ‘The need for non-human primates in biomedical research, production and testing of products and devices’. An overview of this Opinion is presented. The Opinion focuses on the approaches aimed at the replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) of the use of non-human primates in scientific experimentation in the areas of 1) development and safety t...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Genome wide conditional mouse knockout resources
Publication date: Available online 12 September 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): C. Kaloff, K. Anastassiadis, A. Ayadi, R. Baldock, J. Beig, M.-C. Birling, A. Bradley, S.D.M. Brown, A. Bürger, W. Bushell, F. Chiani, F.S. Collins, B. Doe, J.T. Eppig, R.H. Finnell, C. Fletcher, P. Flicek, M. Fray, R.H. Friedel, A. Gambadoro, H. Gates, J. Hansen, Y. Herault, G.G. Hicks, A. Hörlein, M. Hrabé de Angelis, V. Iyer, P.J. de Jong, G. Koscielny, R. Kühn, P. Liu, K.C.K Lloyd, R.G. Lopez, S. Marschall, S. Martínez, C. McKerlie, T. Meehan, H. von Melchner, M. Moor...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - September 13, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Developing genetically engineered mouse models using engineered nucleases: Current status, challenges, and the way forward
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Jaehoon Lee, Jae-il Rho, Sushil Devkota, Young Hoon Sung, Han-Woong Lee The rapid development of engineered nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regulated interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9) system has ushered in the era of ‘renaissance in precision genome engineering’ with profound potential to generate mouse models of human diseases. However, with accumulating experienc...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - September 1, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Tools for exploring mouse models of human disease
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Melissa Haendel, Irene Papatheodorou, Anika Oellrich, Christopher J. Mungall, Nicole Washington, Suzanna E. Lewis, Peter N. Robinson, Damian Smedley Despite significant computational challenges, a number of tools have been developed recently to leverage the mouse to model human disease. Here we review these tools and show how they can be applied in the identification of candidate genes and therapeutic targets as well as mouse models for mechanistic studies and drug validation. (Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models)
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - August 30, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Modelling ageing and age-related disease
Publication date: Available online 25 August 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Ilaria Bellantuono, Paul K. Potter An increased lifespan comes with an associated increase in disease incidence, and is the major risk factor for age-related diseases. To face this societal challenge search for new treatments has intensified requiring good preclinical models, whose complexity and accuracy is increasing. However, the influence of ageing is often overlooked. Furthermore, phenotypic assessment of ageing models is in need of standardisation to enable the accurate evaluation of pre-clinical intervention ...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - August 26, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Multiscale modeling for drug discovery in brain disease
Publication date: Spring 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, Volume 19 Author(s): Samuel A. Neymotin, William W. Lytton (Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models)
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - August 24, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
The pharmacological audit trail (PhAT): Use of tumor models to address critical issues in the preclinical development of targeted anticancer drugs
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Olivia Rossanese, Suzanne Eccles, Caroline Springer, Amanda Swain, Florence I. Raynaud, Vladimir Kirkin The Pharmacological Audit Trail (PhAT) is designed as a biomarker-driven roadmap to support discovery and development of anticancer drugs. The PhAT outlines key questions that deal with the use of biomarkers to (1) determine the right patient population, (2) describe the drug’s pharmacokinetics, (3) determine the drug’s pharmacodynamics, (4) predict tumor response at an intermediate time point, (5) assess ...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - August 17, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Computational modelling of Hedgehog signalling in liver regeneration
Publication date: Available online 27 July 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Madlen Matz-Soja Organ regeneration is a very complex process that includes not only the reconstruction of organ mass but also the reorganisation of homeostatic capabilities. This especially applies for the liver, which performs a variety of metabolic functions. In the last decade, morphogenic pathways such as the Wnt/β-Catenin and Hedgehog signalling pathways have been revealed to orchestrate liver regeneration as well as metabolism. Mathematical models have been successfully applied to liver regeneration, but these ...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - July 28, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Virtual Brain for neurological disease modeling
Publication date: Available online 18 July 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Christophe Bernard, Viktor Jirsa Neurological disorders are often characterized by alterations in multiple brain regions; i.e. they should be studied at the organ level. Neuroimaging techniques allow extracting information at the whole brain level, but a conceptual framework is lacking to interpret neuroimaging data. The Virtual Brain (for humans) and its extension The Virtual Mouse Brain (for rodents) can provide such a framework. These platforms enable the virtualization of individual brains based on Diffusion-weigh...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - July 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Computational modeling to improve treatments for essential tremor
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Shane Lee, Wael F. Asaad, Stephanie R. Jones Essential tremor (ET) is a neurological disorder of unknown etiology that is typically characterized by an involuntary periodic movement of the upper limbs. No longer considered monosymptomatic, ET patients often have additional motor and even cognitive impairments. Although there are several pharmacological treatments, no drugs have been developed specifically for ET [1], and 30–70% of patients are medication-refractory [2]. A subset of medication-refractory patients may...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - June 9, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Computer modeling of epilepsy: opportunities for drug discovery
Publication date: Available online 3 June 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): William W. Lytton Analysis of the brain as a dynamical system can assist drug development for dynamical diseases such as epilepsy. The pathological trajectories that make up a seizure differ significantly from the physiological trajectories of normal brain function. These trajectories depend on parameters – conductances and time constants of ion channels and synapses – that can be modified by drugs. Drug development will benefit by taking account of the way in which multiple parameters – multiple drug targets – ...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - June 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
