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Experimental food allergy models to study the role of innate immune cells as initiators of allergen-specific Th2 immune responses
Publication date: Winter 2015 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, Volumes 17–18 Author(s): Maryam Hussain, Michelle M. Epstein, Mario Noti Although our knowledge of the pathophysiology of food allergies has significantly improved over the last years, a more comprehensive understanding of basic immune mechanisms driving disease pathogenesis is important to develop new intervention strategies. The recent development of animal model systems recapitulating features of clinical food allergy provides an essential tool to study the immunology of IgE-mediated food allergies. While immunological effector responses h...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - January 13, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Epithelial models to study food allergen-induced barrier disruption and immune activation
Publication date: Winter 2015 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, Volumes 17–18 Author(s): Marija Gavrovic-Jankulovic, Linette E.M. Willemsen Changes in lifestyle, diet and environmental factors in westernized countries correspond with the rise in non-communicable diseases affecting metabolic and immune disorders, such as allergies. Therefore the mechanisms by which environmental factors and allergens are capable of elicitating allergic sensitization need to be further unraveled. In vitro models using human epithelial cells, with or without immune cells, are needed to achieve this purpose. Epithelial cells c...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - January 13, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Static and dynamic in vitro digestion models to study protein stability in the gastrointestinal tract
Publication date: Winter 2015 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, Volumes 17–18 Author(s): Didier Dupont, Alan R. Mackie Food protein allergenicity has been linked to the survival of the allergen in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in vitro digestion models have been widely used as tools to help predicting allergenicity. A huge diversity of static in vitro digestion models based on different experimental conditions have been proposed in the literature making the comparison between studies impossible. For this reason, an internationally harmonized static model has recently been developed. Dynamic in vit...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - January 13, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Editorial and introduction by Kitty Verhoeckx, Liam O ’Mahony and Michelle M. Epstein
Publication date: Winter 2015 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, Volumes 17–18 (Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models)
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - January 13, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Multiscale models of pharmacological, immunological and neurostimulation treatments in Alzheimer's disease
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2017 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Vassilis Cutsuridis, Ahmed A. Moustafa The current study reviews computational models that embody a hypothesis and/or a theory of mechanisms of how AD impacts the brain and cognition as well as provide a critical analysis of strengths and weaknesses of these models. Existing models assume AD symptoms stem from abnormalities to cell structure, synaptic connections, neuro-chemicals, as well as other neural circuits and systems. We also discuss how mathematical formulation of the known biology of AD can help us underst...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - January 4, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A review of animal models used to evaluate potential allergenicity of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
We present a comprehensive review of published, peer-reviewed experimental animal models used for the evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). (Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models)
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - November 17, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Experimental food allergy models to study the role of innate immune cells as initiators of allergen specific Th2 immune responses
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Maryam Hussain, Michelle M. Epstein, Mario Noti Although our knowledge of the pathophysiology of food allergies has significantly improved over the last years, a more comprehensive understanding of basic immune mechanisms driving disease pathogenesis is important to develop new intervention strategies. The recent development of animal model systems recapitulating features of clinical food allergy provides an essential tool to study the immunology of IgE-mediated food allergies. While immunological effector respon...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - November 10, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Applicability of epithelial models in protein permeability/transport studies and food allergy
Publication date: Available online 8 November 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): N. Cubells-Baeza, K.C.M. Verhoeckx, C. Larre, S. Denery-Papini, M. Gavrovic-Jankulovic, A. Diaz Perales Measurement of protein transport across the intestinal barrier might be a relevant approach in allergenicity risk assessment. Traditionally, studies on protein transport, were performed using stable cell lines cultured as a monolayer. One of the major advantages of these models is their relatively low price and easy handling. However, monolayers lack a physiologically relevant environment (presence of other c...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - November 8, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Non-IgE mediated food allergy
Publication date: Available online 8 November 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo, Guillaume Lezmi, Naima Cortes-Perez, Karine Adel-Patient Non-IgE-mediated food allergies (FA) are highly prevalent within food allergic patients, notably in the first years of life. The most prevalent non-IgE FA are mainly induced by cow's milk and soya, but many other foods can be involved. Non-IgE FA encompass a wide range of immune-related disorders that differ in prevalence, clinical manifestation, and pathophysiology. Although some in vivo models have been developed for their study, fur...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - November 8, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The use of animal models to discover immunological mechanisms underpinning sensitization to food allergens
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Joost J. Smit, Mario Noti, Liam O’Mahony In almost all countries, food allergy is of growing concern affecting all age groups. Given the increased prevalence of food allergies, current research focuses on developing new treatment strategies and to predict allergenicity of novel and modified food proteins. The recent use of animal models has significantly contributed to a better understanding of the complex immunological and pathophysiological mechanisms of food allergies. Central to the development of food aller...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Static and dynamic in vitro digestion models to study proteins stability in the gastrointestinal tract
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Didier Dupont, Alan R. Mackie Food protein allergenicity has been linked to the survival of the allergen in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in vitro digestion models have been widely used as tools to help predicting allergenicity. A huge diversity of static in vitro digestion models based on different experimental conditions have been proposed in the literature making the comparison between studies impossible. For this reason, an internationally harmonized static model has recently been developed. Dynamic in...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

In silico tools for exploring potential human allergy to proteins
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Maria Hayes, Pierre Rougé, Annick Barre, Corinne Herouet-Guicheney, Erwin L. Roggen Bioinformatics can help scientists to develop hypotheses about proteins that may need to be tested further for risks of causing allergy. In silico methodologies and tools like databases and comparison software, play an important role in the assessment of protein allergenicity and allergenicity mechanisms. They can identify whether a novel protein is an existing allergen and/or has the potential to cross-react with an existing al...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Influence of microbiome and diet on immune responses in food allergy models
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Weronika Barcik, Eva Untersmayr, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Liam O’Mahony, Remo Frei The intestinal immune system is intimately connected with the vast array of microbes present within the gut and the diversity of food components that are consumed daily. The discovery of novel molecular mechanisms, which mediate host–microbe–nutrient communication, have highlighted the important roles played by microbes and dietary factors in influencing mucosal inflammatory and allergic responses. In this review, we summarize...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

IgE – the main player of food allergy
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Henrike C.H. Broekman, Thomas Eiwegger, Julia Upton, Katrine L. Bøgh Food allergy is a growing problem worldwide, presently affecting 2–4% of adults and 5–8% of young children. IgE is a key player in food allergy. Consequently huge efforts have been made to develop tests to detect either the presence of IgE molecules, their allergen binding sites or their functionality, in order to provide information regarding the patient's food allergy. The ultimate goal is to develop tools that are capable of discriminati...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Epithelial models to study food allergen induced barrier disruption and immune activation
Publication date: Available online 27 October 2016 Source:Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models Author(s): Marija Gavrovic-Jankulovic, Linette E.M. Willemsen Changes in lifestyle, diet and environmental factors in westernized countries correspond with the rise in non-communicable diseases affecting metabolic and immune disorders, such as allergies. Therefore the mechanisms by which environmental factors and allergens are capable of elicitating allergic sensitization need to be further unraveled. In vitro models using human epithelial cells, with or without immune cells, are needed to achieve this purpose. Epithelial cel...
Source: Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models - October 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research