Serum calcium concentration is maintained when bone resorption is suppressed by osteoprotegerin in young growing male rats
Serum calcium is maintained in a narrow range through regulation of Ca metabolism in the intestine, kidney, and bone. Calcium is incorporated and resorbed from bone during bone remodeling via cellular processes as well as by exchange. Both routes contribute to calcium homeostasis. To assess the magnitude of bone turnover contribution to calcium homeostasis we labeled bone with a Ca tracer and measured Ca release following stimulation or suppression of bone resorption. Young growing male rats (n = 162) were dosed with 45Ca to label skeletal Ca. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - August 2, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Emily E. Hohman, Joanna K. Hodges, Meryl E. Wastney, Pamela J. Lachcik, Chun-Ya Han, Denise Dwyer, Munro Peacock, Paul J. Kostenuik, Connie M. Weaver Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Siglec-15-targeting therapy increases bone mass in rats without impairing skeletal growth
The treatment of juvenile osteoporosis has not been established due to a lack of data regarding the efficacy and adverse effects of therapeutic agents. The possible adverse effects of the long-term use of antiresorptive therapies on skeletal growth in children is of particular concern. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is an immunoreceptor that regulates osteoclast development and bone resorption, and its deficiency suppresses bone remodeling in the secondary spongiosa, but not in the primary spongiosa, due to a compensatory mechanism of osteoclastogenesis. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - August 1, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Dai Sato, Masahiko Takahata, Masahiro Ota, Chie Fukuda, Eisuke Tsuda, Tomohiro Shimizu, Akiko Okada, Yoshiharu Hiruma, Hiroki Hamano, Shigeto Hiratsuka, Ryo Fujita, Norio Amizuka, Tomoka Hasegawa, Norimasa Iwasaki Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Variation of bone acquisition during growth hormone treatment in children can be explained by proteomic biomarkers, bone formation markers, body composition and nutritional factors
Growth hormone (GH) regulates both longitudinal growth and bone acquisition in children, and has profound metabolic effects. The aim was to investigate the association between proteomic biomarkers, body fat, nutrition and bone formation markers, and longitudinal growth in response to GH during the first year of treatment. The degree to which changes in these factors could explain variations in GH-dependent longitudinal growth and bone mineralization was also assessed. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 30, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Diana Swolin-Eide, Bj örn Andersson, Gunnel Hellgren, Per Magnusson, Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Bone cortical thickness and porosity assessment using ultrasound guided waves: An ex vivo validation study
Several studies showed the ability of the cortex of long bones such as the radius and tibia to guide mechanical waves. Such experimental evidence has given rise to the emergence of a category of quantitative ultrasound techniques, referred to as the axial transmission, specifically developed to measure the propagation of ultrasound guided waves in the cortical shell along the axis of long bones. An ultrasound axial transmission technique, with an automated approach to quantify cortical thickness and porosity is described. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 26, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: J.-G. Minonzio, N. Bochud, Q. Vallet, Y. Bala, D. Ramiandrisoa, H. Follet, D. Mitton, P. Laugier Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Growth, bone health & ambulatory status of boys with DMD treated with daily vs. intermittent oral glucocorticoid regimen
Oral glucocorticoids (GC) preserve muscle strength and prolong walking in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although vertebral fractures have been reported in boys taking GC, fracture rates for different GC regimes have not been investigated. The aim of this pragmatic longitudinal study was to compare growth, body mass, bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral fractures (VF) and ambulatory status in boys with DMD on daily (DAILY) or intermittent (INTERMITTENT), oral GC regimens.A convenience sample of 50 DMD boys from two centres was included in the study; 25 boys each were on the DAILY or INTERMITTENT regimen. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 25, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: N.J. Crabtree, J.E. Adams, R. Padidela, N.J. Shaw, W. H ögler, H. Roper, I. Hughes, A. Daniel, M.Z. Mughal Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Sclerostin and its association with insulin resistance in children and adolescents
Recent studies have shown that sclerostin, which is mainly known as a negative regulator of bone formation, could play an important role in the crosstalk between bone and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sclerostin, other bone and fat related factors as osteocalcin (OC), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor NF- қB ligand (RANKL), leptin and adiponectin with glucose metabolism and insulin action in children and adolescents with obesity compared with healthy children and adolescents. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 25, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Anna W ędrychowicz, Krystyna Sztefko, Jerzy B. Starzyk Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Calcium fluxes at the bone/plasma interface: Acute effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and targeted deletion of PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor in the osteocytes
Calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]) in the systemic extracellular fluid, ECF-[Ca2+], is maintained around a genetically predetermined set-point, which combines the operational level of the kidney and bone/ECF interfaces. The ECF-[Ca2+] is maintained within a narrow oscillation range by the regulatory action of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Calcitonin, FGF-23, and 1,25(OH)2D3. This model implies two correction mechanisms, i.e. tubular Ca2+ reabsorption and osteoclast Ca2+ resorption. Although their alterations have an effect on the ECF-[Ca2+] maintenance, they cannot fully account for rapid correction of the continuing perturba...
Source: Bone - July 24, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Christopher Dedic, Tin Shing Hung, Alan M. Shipley, Akira Maeda, Thomas Gardella, Andrew L. Miller, Paola Divieti Pajevic, Joseph G. Kunkel, Alessandro Rubinacci Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
In vivo identification of Bmp2-correlation networks during fracture healing by means of a limb-specific conditional inactivation of Bmp2
Bmp2 is known to play an essential role in the initiation of fracture healing via periosteal activation.Specifically, activation and subsequent differentiation of periosteal progenitor cells requires Bmp2 signaling for activation of the osteo-chondrogenic pathway. Here, we explored the interactive transcriptional gene-gene interplays between Bmp2 and 150 known candidate genes during fracture repair. We constructed the interactive Bmp2 signaling pathways in vivo, by comparing gene expression levels prior and 24 h post femur fracture, in presence (wild type) and in absence of Bmp2 (Bmp2c/c;Prx1::cre limb-specific conditio...
Source: Bone - July 23, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Yau-Hua Yu, Katarzyna Wilk, PhiAnh L. Waldon, Giuseppe Intini Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
A comparative analysis of articular bone in large cohort of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the joints, the gut and the skin
In this study 476 subjects comprising healthy individuals and patients with anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ACPA-negative RA, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were subjected to high-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the hand. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 23, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: David Simon, Arnd Kleyer, Matthias Englbrecht, Fabian Stemmler, Christoph Simon, Andreas Berlin, Roland Kocijan, Judith Haschka, Simon Hirschmann, Raja Atreya, Markus F. Neurath, Michael Sticherling, Juergen Rech, Axel J. Hueber, Klaus Engelke, Georg Sche Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
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Source: Bone - July 20, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Differential effects of high-fat diet and exercise training on bone and energy metabolism
Bone microarchitecture and strength are impaired by obesity and physical inactivity, but the underlying molecular regulation of bone metabolism in response to these factors is not well understood. Therefore, we analyzed bone and energy metabolism in male mice fed a high-fat or standard chow diet for 12 weeks with or without free access to running wheels.High-fat diet (HFD) mimicked the human condition of obesity and insulin resistance, including symptoms such as elevated serum glucose and insulin levels and reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 20, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ann-Kristin Picke, Lykke Sylow, Lisbeth L.V. M øller, Rasmus Kjøbsted, Felix N. Schmidt, Mikkel Wermer Steejn, Juliane Salbach-Hirsch, Christine Hofbauer, Matthias Blüher, Anja Saalbach, Björn Busse, Martina Rauner, Lorenz C. Hofbauer Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
GATA4 represses RANKL in osteoblasts via multiple long-range enhancers to regulate osteoclast differentiation
GATA4 is a transcription factor that is responsible for tissue-specific gene regulation in many tissues, and more recent studies showed that it is necessary for osteoblast differentiation. Previously, we showed that in vivo deletion of Gata4 using Cre-recombinase under the control of the Col1a1 2.3 kb promoter, showed significantly reduced trabecular bone properties. To understand the role of GATA4 in more differentiated cells, GATA4fl/fl mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 19, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Aysha B. Khalid, Alexandria V. Slayden, Jerusha Kumpati, Chanel D. Perry, Stuart B. Berryhill, Julie A. Crawford, Iram Fatima, Marco Morselli, Matteo Pellegrini, Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni, Susan A. Krum Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
GATA4 represses RANKL via multiple long-range enhancers to regulate osteoclast differentiation
GATA4 is a transcription factor that is responsible for tissue-specific gene regulation in many tissues, and more recent studies showed that it is necessary for osteoblast differentiation. Previously, we showed that in vivo deletion of Gata4 using Cre-recombinase under the control of the Col1a1 2.3 kb promoter, showed significantly reduced trabecular bone properties. To understand the role of GATA4 in more differentiated cells, GATA4fl/fl mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 19, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Aysha B. Khalid, Alexandria V. Slayden, Jerusha Kumpati, Chanel D. Perry, Stuart B. Berryhill, Julie A. Crawford, Iram Fatima, Marco Morselli, Matteo Pellegrini, Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni, Susan A. Krum Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
A two phase regulation of bone regeneration: IL-17F mediates osteoblastogenesis via C/EBP- β in vitro
T lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-17F (IL-17F) have been identified as important regulators in bone regeneration during fracture repair. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of IL-17F-mediated osteoblastogenesis, a mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) was utilized to characterize the intracellular signal transduction of IL-17F. Comparisons to the established canonical Wnt signaling pathway were made using Wnt3a ligand. Our results demonstrated greater bone marker gene expression in IL-17F-treated cells, compared to cells treated with Wnt3a. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 15, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Yufa Wang, Jieun Kim, Andrea Chan, Cari Whyne, Diane Nam Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Identification of TGF β-related genes regulated in murine osteoarthritis and chondrocyte hypertrophy by comparison of multiple microarray datasets
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Some features of OA, including chondrocyte hypertrophy and focal calcification of articular cartilage, resemble the endochondral ossification processes. Alterations in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling have been associated with OA as well as with chondrocyte hypertrophy. Our aim was to identify novel candidate genes implicated in chondrocyte hypertrophy during OA pathogenesis by determining which TGFβ-related genes are regulated during murine OA and endochondral ossification. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - July 15, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Laurie M.G. de Kroon, Guus G.H. van den Akker, Bent Brachvogel, Roberto Narcisi, Daniele Belluoccio, Florien Jenner, John F. Bateman, Christopher B. Little, Pieter Brama, Esmeralda N. Blaney Davidson, Peter M. van der Kraan, Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
